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Probing the Axion-Electron Coupling with NuSTAR Observations of Galaxies

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arxiv 2503.09682 v1 pith:2MO7QJ2N submitted 2025-03-12 hep-ph astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE

Probing the Axion-Electron Coupling with NuSTAR Observations of Galaxies

classification hep-ph astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
keywords galaxiesaxionscouplingnustaraxionaxion-electronconstraintsdata
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We search for the existence of ultralight axions coupling to electrons and photons using data from the NuSTAR telescope directed toward the galaxies M82, M87, and M31. We focus on electron bremsstrahlung and Compton scattering for axion production in stars, summing over the stellar populations found in the target galaxies when computing the axion luminosity. We then compute the hard X-ray signal that arises from the conversion of these axions to photons in each galaxy's magnetic fields, inferred from analog galaxies in cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Analyzing NuSTAR data toward these galaxies between roughly 20 to 70 keV, we find no evidence for axions and set leading constraints on the combined axion-electron and axion-photon coupling at the level of $|g_{aee} \times g_{a \gamma \gamma}| \lesssim 8.3 \times 10^{-27}$ GeV$^{-1}$ for $m_a \lesssim 10^{-10}$ eV at 95% confidence, with M82 providing the most stringent constraints.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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