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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 49 of 49 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.10683.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.10683 v1

Coverage vector

measured 49 of 49 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.350348Z

measured 51 of 51 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T12:56:23.176889Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-29T14:13:31.050815Z

Reference resolution

49 of 49 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy16
  • unresolved31
  • parse uncertain1
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e89e422f-29b4-42ae-a7b0-0eda288c3ca3 · outbound

This paper cites repackaged chatgpt.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion repackaged chatgpt

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.827194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.200680Z digest=sha256:2d1398795706cec76edfa886fb8afe76990bdcd244fa5ce26dae8b5e12ef0a6c

Observation 069ea005-0ebb-4060-853a-b293d71b96c8 · outbound

This paper cites 360 ai:people-oriented, safe and credible.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion 360 ai:people-oriented, safe and credible

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.818211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.204345Z digest=sha256:c2545d36dd69ef4787e5929ce2dbeac138648e40c9856241f7815d175b5de196

Observation 474464ad-8bcd-438b-b0d6-9ba11ea5c8b9 · outbound

This paper cites Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AI.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AI

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.210764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.210764Z digest=sha256:1e883a4a764928634673e26c441d84f3a234bfb5b290236d5132f903d44a106f

Observation b1d4326c-23b5-4fb6-a312-408cbdb6cbc1 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.215258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.215258Z digest=sha256:bb69a2e90283283eb6cba450522560a1fb87d1a57277835acd69bcdbbf9b4dc2

Observation c8657002-3da4-45ce-b31f-1ab513f4b802 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.218155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.218155Z digest=sha256:bc1c7a98636a9a531fe29e45cddb5fb5cb907afc0a27e8c7e44b0459672d4f9d

Observation 554e92f2-8c0a-4905-8f0a-771230ae7732 · outbound

This paper cites Human chatgpt comparison corpus (hc3).

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Human chatgpt comparison corpus (hc3)

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.801459Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.221314Z digest=sha256:5fbdd40effff72ce91671fa6077ffbb25229d3cc59955be98d0d37dcc7b7c696

Observation b5b8b734-c3de-4938-8bf0-9571d8e3af8f · outbound

This paper cites Gpt-3: Its nature, scope, limits, and consequences.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Gpt-3: Its nature, scope, limits, and consequences

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.793482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.224370Z digest=sha256:3e60fa302b69247b0bb095de15c62082ed220088b2eace4703e34341428e673a

Observation 81a8b059-85b7-40f5-8337-d86d817b611c · outbound

This paper cites WaterMax: breaking the LLM watermark detectability-robustness-quality trade-off.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion WaterMax: breaking the LLM watermark detectability-robustness-quality trade-off

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.227275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.227275Z digest=sha256:61e2dcf27d82921da301dd6c345d883f9a1060d0e9b6a71e5e8c294fa41ec928

Observation 798e1d04-22f0-4a24-880b-c691a099bd2f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.785648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.230322Z digest=sha256:95712ef0520db710f1763464077f2c71eb230f97bf16f1fa32b59f05d38dc759

Observation 2ef66f9e-2608-4bbf-89f4-79a6932b6503 · outbound

This paper cites iflytek spark.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion iflytek spark

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.776867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.233588Z digest=sha256:0a30cae15d2ab48183942d4633ecd8c965b5ebf1567fbbcec149b6b07656a82e

Observation ba156195-d79e-4c34-b7fd-4a9043276539 · outbound

This paper cites Double-I Watermark: Protecting Model Copyright for LLM Fine-tuning.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Double-I Watermark: Protecting Model Copyright for LLM Fine-tuning

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.236081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.236081Z digest=sha256:d61cd69fb7a7ecff00159ce208931b6b84775f5841217f4a08cca9fd09f26c81

Observation 7cb8a6cd-c348-4cfc-afe3-d4900ff9f715 · outbound

This paper cites If LLMs Would Just Look: Simple Line-by-line Checking Improves Vulnerability Localization.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion If LLMs Would Just Look: Simple Line-by-line Checking Improves Vulnerability Localization

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.239270Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.239270Z digest=sha256:293085180cb1cb8f24d0a3d437e93c00f982041c49431d02fc1e9036c5b61fba

Observation 6fa46375-64d6-49ec-95e3-e3535844e3c3 · outbound

This paper cites A survey of text watermarking in the era of large language models.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion A survey of text watermarking in the era of large language models

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.242458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.242458Z digest=sha256:560d8cbe738ef4d0ebb96e94899d38879296c070b5611b761417d32334965778

Observation 6019cb08-bf90-4c99-a47d-5469e545fc71 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.761411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.245290Z digest=sha256:446e6965bfdb877041a9b9010690c0e870ad7a1f233f6d75a110e5b8b4720273

Observation 447cb77b-15ec-4710-8155-4e768e6e7a8f · outbound

This paper cites Your Large Language Models Are Leaving Fingerprints.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Your Large Language Models Are Leaving Fingerprints

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.251722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.251722Z digest=sha256:f21c210108dcb31c935ae4314074a6b7f79d9ee97c845b40945af29fcf3ef801

Observation 594b8972-9e98-4bd8-a5b0-026414c8de40 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini-pro on poe claims its baidu’s wenxin llm when asked in chinese.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Gemini-pro on poe claims its baidu’s wenxin llm when asked in chinese

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.743656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.254567Z digest=sha256:b757502ad1f634f745cac05ad12e152f4f6af82a2ff6ea6654d1d861fb863dde

Observation fd146507-ca3b-4a38-9382-ebefee69fc6a · outbound

This paper cites Bytedance accused of ai ’repackaging,’ is keeping a low profile the real issue? https://www.chinaventure.com.cn/news/ 78-20231219-378840.html, 2023.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Bytedance accused of ai ’repackaging,’ is keeping a low profile the real issue? https://www.chinaventure.com.cn/news/ 78-20231219-378840.html, 2023

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.734027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.260720Z digest=sha256:c988f52de213aab882495cabdf3ade24fd7b526dd338b6a1c76f7c096bf001ea

Observation 89eb4583-cc26-4791-b23e-aa41a05a52b2 · outbound

This paper cites Li kaifu’s company caught in llama architecture naming dispute, 01.ai responds: Code updates will follow.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Li kaifu’s company caught in llama architecture naming dispute, 01.ai responds: Code updates will follow

Reference 18

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.581439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.263262Z digest=sha256:efc72b6f95d7618446c6a80547177bf8e0c9c07f8d6249be6b2c239495017cae

Observation 38ceccdc-358e-4e3d-8db2-8f48049b0960 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
parse uncertain
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.808903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.257223Z digest=sha256:df0707fea17c1f9a96ecdb283552459e140f42490ba067f4b3de9ec9b329bff5

Observation 5a78c3f1-6252-4e7b-95dc-117aad26391c · outbound

This paper cites Gpt-4 through api says it’s gpt-3.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Gpt-4 through api says it’s gpt-3

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.723665Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.268932Z digest=sha256:58fc78ff1ed382d432fe54db79e1d08b4c66fedf6b1aec58674413c3570cf781

Observation d09f3850-028d-4e00-af70-fb6f49115e3e · outbound

This paper cites Sometimes gpt-4 thinks it’s 3.5? https://community.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Sometimes gpt-4 thinks it’s 3.5? https://community

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.713503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.272693Z digest=sha256:2979885455aeacf3f106ff5be0e85ff17f74e7c6063c0ef5b1c72a2b4397f743

Observation 77fc0979-2ad7-49aa-80d1-bb29e7aa9844 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.266164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.266164Z digest=sha256:878b5f9da8a247207f2868416b549bbab01ba40d5bfce9ce8c3bd14b079677ba

Observation af72275b-da62-49c2-89d6-eabaaa2a889a · outbound

This paper cites MarkLLM: An Open-Source Toolkit for LLM Watermarking.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion MarkLLM: An Open-Source Toolkit for LLM Watermarking

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.279989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.279989Z digest=sha256:2b5a5c47f427fa803d3ee7557b32d614c17c76a4252a4179b2eadd3e3d6586f4

Observation 9e731981-ab9b-467a-9dbe-2e3aca561530 · outbound

This paper cites No Free Lunch in LLM Watermarking: Trade-offs in Watermarking Design Choices.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion No Free Lunch in LLM Watermarking: Trade-offs in Watermarking Design Choices

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.283589Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.283589Z digest=sha256:0cda1444723a87862970aeb482528d6cfb1869f84fc23ec9992fe72441ed78fd

Observation 58379ac5-8dbb-47b7-ad1d-c0b172e01cd5 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.276265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.276265Z digest=sha256:f06a8dd7c51b903d17d34e3fe38320040ecf620c9c80991d5aeb2874b6a0f83c

Observation 8aa1615d-5980-4629-a74a-c5a335960651 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsupervised multitask learners.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Language models are unsupervised multitask learners

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.290067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.290067Z digest=sha256:2e3e0c65e118fb0a0614bb945843a88a3b1dcdbe6c0381a3612ccc78824982b8

Observation c09766aa-c72c-40f8-af9b-082901b36c0b · outbound

This paper cites In some condition, bard considered itself as a product of baidu.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion In some condition, bard considered itself as a product of baidu

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.697981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.292653Z digest=sha256:d04d0d8a8b1584396cb53314a53cdbcefb4b8386f19d584c8574f1a730b7e9f0

Observation 32c5b7bf-78e0-444b-b8fd-730cc8a7e3e7 · outbound

This paper cites Mooncake: A KVCache-centric Disaggregated Architecture for LLM Serving.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Mooncake: A KVCache-centric Disaggregated Architecture for LLM Serving

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.286734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.286734Z digest=sha256:8d85a63a7218af36a91e3fe4044fdf2cd39281cc80cf8f969f3ce0c585dc663f

Observation 1ee28745-f6ad-469f-b9b1-09adaba5e0a3 · outbound

This paper cites Hey, That's My Model! Introducing Chain & Hash, An LLM Fingerprinting Technique.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Hey, That's My Model! Introducing Chain & Hash, An LLM Fingerprinting Technique

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.298117Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.298117Z digest=sha256:4ad0fbd0e65df4802455000af16d7da43e2d7bdf43cfb0da2dc18eec0ee1754c

Observation 143705de-7bea-4932-81e9-35d057de663a · outbound

This paper cites ERNIE 3.0: Large-scale Knowledge Enhanced Pre-training for Language Understanding and Generation.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion ERNIE 3.0: Large-scale Knowledge Enhanced Pre-training for Language Understanding and Generation

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.300838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.300838Z digest=sha256:7a3dca8f8d9b81980826b2b50ade78b77c3b42d40a578bc653f5c065ffecc58c

Observation 7082c185-1fdb-4c0b-8e3c-e0bf44da2348 · outbound

This paper cites Zidong taichu.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Zidong taichu

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.688007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.295251Z digest=sha256:7a6cc77fa9cd337217595fc0981b1ede5ac4dcf1ac87cda926eda75f35bf78af

Observation 268579dc-cb4a-43dd-b2c5-3cfae061037e · outbound

This paper cites ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.306644Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.306644Z digest=sha256:74839df4f650232b398e657bacc76f092f028647fa80f4ff412e1463a90ecebb

Observation 18e1be33-5275-45ca-8b18-5ef5e443ccf2 · outbound

This paper cites Tencent hunyuan.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Tencent hunyuan

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.678721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.309941Z digest=sha256:766b9c21342edf21d68526734fb3e713e18d9de5b34c2cae3c199098b97a6ee2

Observation aec049cc-0844-4f87-a342-daf7647bb3d3 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.303456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.303456Z digest=sha256:4aa7dd47d11731aafe9230671b4149608ad53a697977cf15186cf10b87fdbf87

Observation 9c41dbf5-f7c4-47bf-b3c2-56908f0d2ac7 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 35

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.315167Z digest=sha256:62c59c32f4a9990655c8ad76abd26e36959a7deedafbdf77a5eda791cf6acc98

Observation 1a7c6613-a1d6-48cb-8543-c5404e77f921 · outbound

This paper cites Behind the ai boom: Large language model (llm) trends.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Behind the ai boom: Large language model (llm) trends

Reference 36

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.661278Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.317963Z digest=sha256:36badb868d046df626a0c272411274b42a4832056f7100a5e04288eedd0611a0

Observation b3d8c91d-b4f9-427d-92ba-3ecc9c1a8a14 · outbound

This paper cites Tianrang xiaobai.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Tianrang xiaobai

Reference 37

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.669986Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.312428Z digest=sha256:02935fdd14fb8e4f8be9b79097a0eb07a0ddc10f08da0ed18163307ff8f89a2d

Observation 183331de-44ea-4075-bb36-0ee89fd7b1ad · outbound

This paper cites Skywork: A More Open Bilingual Foundation Model.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Skywork: A More Open Bilingual Foundation Model

Reference 38

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.326488Z digest=sha256:183f21718729a393c602be7cbac017f4a7710f90f0fca49f761afd799bae8d31

Observation a11a767a-f52b-4fc1-aad6-bc1da2cbf6ce · outbound

This paper cites Bypassing LLM Watermarks with Color-Aware Substitutions.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Bypassing LLM Watermarks with Color-Aware Substitutions

Reference 39

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.329843Z digest=sha256:0e318f36fed0ba5e99fffa924fddb8f7cea8887ebd14fe56366afd7db08e4769

Observation 0ac983c6-53fb-4780-9bab-cf2a091abed3 · outbound

This paper cites On Protecting the Data Privacy of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Survey.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion On Protecting the Data Privacy of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Survey

Reference 40

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.332991Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.332991Z digest=sha256:957c2ef31b9ede8fe08e5366e176aa7657ee2e9deef01539b9d8220145981e57

Observation 6ad07820-64a3-409c-aef5-daee5b9158e4 · outbound

This paper cites ConU: Conformal Uncertainty in Large Language Models with Correctness Coverage Guarantees.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion ConU: Conformal Uncertainty in Large Language Models with Correctness Coverage Guarantees

Reference 41

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.323366Z digest=sha256:b7f764765e20d5a7cad03e1c436ca5f9df2fcc7b4a0d12e0ba0cb1a65bb79470

Observation dfccdd93-9646-4eeb-a217-606a68de0f72 · outbound

This paper cites A fingerprint for large language models.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion A fingerprint for large language models

Reference 42

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.339908Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.339908Z digest=sha256:e4f0bf11bee50c88d2e1299f66bb34fee809896ae7d483b625975851adc5559e

Observation 6f63b25f-e3bf-4181-b92c-dad2a5315c15 · outbound

This paper cites A survey on large language model (llm) security and privacy: The good, the bad, and the ugly.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion A survey on large language model (llm) security and privacy: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Reference 43

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.342377Z digest=sha256:fa4c8047cbca35187788cff34ec716d1b6d0334e7ab75c2970565c6f25251c53

Observation 927d373f-5045-4d21-9e1c-47f00475b255 · outbound

This paper cites REEF: Representation Encoding Fingerprints for Large Language Models.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion REEF: Representation Encoding Fingerprints for Large Language Models

Reference 44

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.345126Z digest=sha256:80694b1451ed7b907e413bbb15e3262ec055949c5b722c90071da89f93aebd7d

Observation 70e2e2b6-334f-4280-a797-4cf6cfef426c · outbound

This paper cites Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models

Reference 45

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.336360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.336360Z digest=sha256:db9e39024e59ed4c3f1329a5d7045e09b01ab02c48dd1a89a3dada1f4fd68a39

Observation 5eac5d46-e546-44aa-b18e-e634273a9176 · outbound

This paper cites BuboGPT: Enabling Visual Grounding in Multi-Modal LLMs.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion BuboGPT: Enabling Visual Grounding in Multi-Modal LLMs

Reference 46

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.350348Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.350348Z digest=sha256:bdcfd0adef2b0796e05eae92bd72a8e7724e4dc8c9dfbc9421171e39f0d9c013

Observation ea40f1a6-11c6-43eb-b442-af60238cf891 · outbound

This paper cites REMARK-LLM: A robust and efficient wa- termarking framework for generative large language models.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion REMARK-LLM: A robust and efficient wa- termarking framework for generative large language models

Reference 49

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.639034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.347853Z digest=sha256:91109325817ff084c6d5a0e59634a7b54ceea55c8acec45cf85839d4a2b67692

Observation 58bd85fa-7cdb-46ef-8a4b-bb97022d38cb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 2024

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.320781Z digest=sha256:819bb864bdcd5ae4b04db4e5439b9f1d7de7305924fd9513037359d187dbd366

Observation d7a0a67f-8541-4e60-9b5b-9642929709a9 · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 2024-11-14.

I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion Accessed: 2024-11-14

Reference 2030

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T19:29:16.751896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T19:29:16.248816Z digest=sha256:49c4e94f2bd239a4a8f3f6513f34890077b63163f208977a7fe8538e88a0964a

Pith citing papers

Observation 71d88322-e060-4ce9-9ef8-32417e9a9adb · inbound

KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing cites this paper.

KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion

Reference 2

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verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T14:13:31.052198Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-29T06:45:05.518966Z digest=sha256:84012e9efcc97a0570529eb366ac177776cdd915766f30a427f69893f1570783

Observation 1357fe40-13a4-4807-a38b-f7a542aba34c · inbound

KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing cites this paper.

KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing I'm Spartacus, No, I'm Spartacus: Measuring and Understanding LLM Identity Confusion

Reference 2

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-02T12:56:23.176889Z digest=sha256:befbca920fbf88e180be16a40fa4bce43b86f7f263fbd52c11a56e9d28b1245c