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Enhancing Reasoning through Process Supervision with Monte Carlo Tree Search

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arxiv 2501.01478 v1 pith:3NNJMMT7 submitted 2025-01-02 cs.AI cs.CLcs.LG

Enhancing Reasoning through Process Supervision with Monte Carlo Tree Search

classification cs.AI cs.CLcs.LG
keywords reasoningllmsprocesssupervisionabilitycarloimprovemodels
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capacity across a variety of tasks. However, reasoning remains a challenge for LLMs. To improve LLMs' reasoning ability, process supervision has proven to be better than outcome supervision. In this work, we study using Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to generate process supervision data with LLMs themselves for training them. We sample reasoning steps with an LLM and assign each step a score that captures its "relative correctness," and the LLM is then trained by minimizing weighted log-likelihood of generating the reasoning steps. This generate-then-train process is repeated iteratively until convergence.Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods considerably improve the performance of LLMs on two mathematical reasoning datasets. Furthermore, models trained on one dataset also exhibit improved performance on the other, showing the transferability of the enhanced reasoning ability.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Process Supervision of Confidence Margin for Calibrated LLM Reasoning

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    RLCM trains LLMs with a margin-enhanced process reward that widens the gap between correct and incorrect reasoning steps, improving calibration on math, code, logic, and science tasks without hurting accuracy.

  2. Rubrics as Rewards: Reinforcement Learning Beyond Verifiable Domains

    cs.LG 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    RaR uses aggregated rubric feedback as rewards in on-policy RL, delivering up to 31% relative gains on HealthBench and 7% on GPQA-Diamond versus direct Likert LLM-as-judge baselines.

  3. Efficient Multi-Agent System Training with Data Influence-Oriented Tree Search

    cs.CL 2025-02 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DITS replaces Q-value guidance in MCTS with influence scores for synthetic data synthesis in multi-agent LLM training, claiming better efficiency and performance on eight datasets.

  4. Efficient Reasoning on the Edge

    cs.LG 2026-03 accept novelty 5.5

    LoRA adapters, budget-forced GRPO, dynamic switching, parallel verification and FPTQuant enable practical chain-of-thought reasoning on quantized Qwen2.5-7B for edge devices.

  5. Measure Twice, Click Once: Co-evolving Proposer and Visual Critic via Reinforcement Learning for GUI Grounding

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A co-evolving proposer-critic RL framework improves GUI grounding accuracy by letting the model critique its own proposals rendered on screenshots.

  6. OctoTools: An Agentic Framework with Extensible Tools for Complex Reasoning

    cs.LG 2025-02 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    OctoTools framework reports 9.3% average accuracy gain over GPT-4o across 16 tasks by adding tool cards, planner, and executor to LLMs in a training-free setup.