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Scaling Video-Language Models to 10K Frames via Hierarchical Differential Distillation

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arxiv 2504.02438 v5 pith:42WOSLCH submitted 2025-04-03 cs.CL cs.AI

Scaling Video-Language Models to 10K Frames via Hierarchical Differential Distillation

classification cs.CL cs.AI
keywords vilampdifferentialwhileinformationtemporalcomputationaldistillationfeature
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Long-form video processing fundamentally challenges vision-language models (VLMs) due to the high computational costs of handling extended temporal sequences. Existing token pruning and feature merging methods often sacrifice critical temporal dependencies or dilute semantic information. We introduce differential distillation, a principled approach that systematically preserves task-relevant information while suppressing redundancy. Based on this principle, we develop ViLAMP, a hierarchical video-language model that processes hour-long videos at "mixed precision" through two key mechanisms: (1) differential keyframe selection that maximizes query relevance while maintaining temporal distinctiveness at the frame level and (2) differential feature merging that preserves query-salient features in non-keyframes at the patch level. Hence, ViLAMP retains full information in keyframes while reducing non-keyframes to their most salient features, resembling mixed-precision training. Extensive experiments demonstrate ViLAMP's superior performance across four video understanding benchmarks, particularly on long-form content. Notably, ViLAMP can process ultra-long videos (up to 10K frames) on a single NVIDIA A100 GPU, achieving substantial computational efficiency while maintaining state-of-the-art performance. Code and model are available at https://github.com/steven-ccq/ViLAMP.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    MedHorizon benchmark reveals current multimodal LLMs achieve only 41.1% accuracy on long medical videos due to failures in sparse evidence retrieval and procedural reasoning.

  2. Efficient Frame Selection for Long Videos at Test Time with Attention-Based MLLM Selectors

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    Attention maps from a small MLLM can serve as a training-free, query-conditioned frame selector, improving long-video QA accuracy under fixed frame budgets.

  3. StoryVideoQA: Scaling Deep Video Understanding with a Large-Scale, Multi-Genre and Auto-Generated Dataset

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    StoryVideoQA provides the largest auto-generated deep video understanding dataset to date with 363K QAs across TV and movies, paired with the PlotTree agent for hierarchical plot-based reasoning that existing VideoQA ...

  4. See More, Think Deeper: Query-Expanded Visual Evidence and Answer-Clue Guided Reflection for Long Video Understanding

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    CoVER framework lets Video-LLMs gather query-expanded visual evidence and verify answers with answer-clue visual feedback to improve long-video understanding.

  5. Swift Sampling: Selecting Temporal Surprises via Taylor Series

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Swift Sampling is a training-free frame selection method that uses Taylor expansions on video latent trajectories to pick temporally surprising frames, outperforming uniform sampling on long-video QA tasks.

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    MLLM-enabled video translation is usefully framed as three roles—Semantic Reasoner, Expressive Performer, and Visual Synthesizer—rather than a cascade of ASR, MT, TTS, and lip-sync.

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