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No U(1) 'electric-magnetic' duality in Einstein gravity
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No U(1) 'electric-magnetic' duality in Einstein gravity
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We revisit the question of whether classical general relativity obeys, beyond the linearised order, an analogue of the global U(1) electric-magnetic duality of Maxwell theory, with the Riemann tensor playing the role analogous to the field strength. Following contradictory claims in the literature, we present a simple gauge-invariant argument that the duality does not hold. The duality condition is the conservation of the helicity charge. Scattering amplitudes of gravitons in general relativity, and of gluons in Yang-Mills theory, violate this selection rule already at tree level. Indeed, the maximally-helicity-violating (MHV) amplitudes are famous for their simplicity. The duality in the linearised theories is, therefore, broken by the interactions. In contrast, the tree-level scattering amplitudes in duality-invariant theories of non-linear electromagnetism are known to obey helicity conservation. While the duality is not a symmetry of the full theory of general relativity, it does hold within a sector of the solution space, including vacuum type D solutions, where the duality is known to rotate between mass and NUT charge.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Manifest duality and Lorentz covariance for linearised gravity as edge modes
Linearised gravity in four dimensions is formulated as an edge mode of a five-dimensional topological field, achieving manifest Lorentz covariance and electric-magnetic duality symmetry.
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Kerr-NUT mass/electric and equal-NUT/magnetic charges are dual in D≥4, realized as J_σ ↔ J_−σ in 3-point amplitudes generated by a spin-raising operator for all bosonic spins.
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Gravitational electric-magnetic duality at the light ring and quasinormal mode isospectrality in effective field theories
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Soft theorems yield a gauge-invariant nutty soft factor and the associated memory tensor for Kerr-Taub-NUT scattering, with magnetic components and directional divergences absent in electromagnetism.
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