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Dispersive Determination of Nucleon Gravitational Form Factors
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Dispersive Determination of Nucleon Gravitational Form Factors
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Being closely connected to the origin of the nucleon mass, the gravitational form factors of the nucleon have attracted significant attention in recent years. We present the first model-independent determinations of the gravitational form factors of the pion and nucleon at the physical pion mass, using a data-driven dispersive approach. The so-called "last global unknown property" of the nucleon, the $D$-term, is determined to be $-3.38^{+0.34}_{-0.35}$. The root mean square radius of the scalar trace density inside the nucleon is determined to be $(0.97 \pm0.03)~\text{fm}$. Notably, this value is larger than the proton charge radius, suggesting a modern structural view of the nucleon where gluons, responsible for most of the nucleon mass, are distributed over a larger spatial region than quarks, which dominate the charge distribution, indicating that the radius of the trace density may be regarded as a confinement radius. We also predict the nucleon angular momentum and mechanical radii, providing further insights into the intricate internal structure of the nucleon.
Forward citations
Cited by 11 Pith papers
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Sub-eikonal stress and model dependence of the small-$x$ gluon D-term
The gluon D-term at small x is a next-to-eikonal stress observable whose sign is not determined by the dipole or saturation profile.
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Mass radius and D-term of atomic nuclei in relativistic mean field theory
D-term of nuclei exhibits kinks at magic neutron numbers, showing strong sensitivity of mechanical properties to shell structure.
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Spin resummation of heavy quarkonium photoproduction: from the gluonic gravitational form factors to the holographic pomeron
Spin-resummed holographic QCD unifies near-threshold GFF and high-energy pomeron regimes for heavy quarkonium photoproduction and shows fixed-spin GFF extraction is not controlled.
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Experimental access to the gluonic origin of the proton mass
The scalar gluonic trace form factor of the proton can be reconstructed from DVCS quark GFFs, near-threshold J/ψ gluon GFFs, and the nucleon sigma-term form factor.
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Sub-eikonal stress and model dependence of the small-$x$ gluon D-term
The small-x gluon D-term is a next-to-eikonal stress probe and is not fixed by the leading-eikonal dipole or saturation profile alone.
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Dispersive analysis of the $\boldsymbol{J/\psi \to \gamma \pi^0 \pi^0}$ process
The analysis selects the negative E1 phase solution for 0++-2++ amplitudes in J/ψ → γπ⁰π⁰ as consistent with Omnès phases from f0 resonances without large extra phases, and normalizes amplitudes via the branching frac...
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Constraining DVCS Compton Form Factors Using Lattice QCD informed Neural Network
A neural network framework informed by lattice QCD uses all-order dispersion relations to significantly constrain both real and imaginary parts of Compton Form Factors extracted from DVCS proton data.
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Gluon Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $\sigma$-Meson as a Dilaton Confronted with Lattice Data II
Lattice fits to gluon gravitational form factors support the sigma meson as dilaton with new predictions for rho and delta, reinforcing evidence for scale symmetry in low-energy QCD.
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Experimental access to the gluonic origin of the proton mass
The scalar gluonic trace form factor G_N(t) is expressed as G_{s,g}(t) + G_{s,q}(t) - σ(t)/M, linking the QCD trace anomaly to DVCS and J/ψ observables.
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Mechanical distribution of the pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium on the light-front
Light-front quark model calculations with two Gaussian wave functions yield transverse mechanical distributions for pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium, showing a nodal pressure and positive force.
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Particle seismology: mechanical and gravitational properties from parton-hadron duality
A hadronic approach based on dispersion relations and meson dominance achieves a successful description of lattice QCD data for gravitational form factors of pions and nucleons.
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