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Constraints on the Equation of State of Nuclear Matter from Systematically Comparing SMASH Calculations to HADES Data
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We aim to constrain the equation of state of nuclear matter by comparing calculations with the SMASH transport model to directed and elliptic flow measurements for protons and deuterons performed by the HADES collaboration in a systematic way. A momentum-dependent term is included in the potential for which we show that it is needed to describe flow data. We further incorporate a simple symmetry potential in the transport model and present constraints on the stiffness of the equation of state of nuclear matter at saturation density and on the symmetry potential. The constraints are obtained by performing a Bayesian analysis such that we can also provide an uncertainty for the estimated parameters. The posterior distribution is obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling for which we emulate the transport model with a Gaussian process to lower computational costs. We find that a relatively stiff equation of state is favoured in our analysis with a small uncertainty whereas the constraints obtained for the symmetry potential are rather loose.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Extended Skyrme effective interactions with higher-order momentum-dependence for transport models and neutron stars
The authors generalize the Skyrme pseudopotential to N5LO with p^10 momentum dependence, fit it to the optical potential up to 2 GeV, and show the resulting interactions reproduce HADES proton flow data.
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Toward a Unified Understanding of the Dense Matter Equation of State
A review of three Bayesian/computational frameworks for combining heavy-ion and astrophysical constraints on the dense-matter equation of state, plus a proposed unified integration workflow.
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Study on the equation-of-state with light clusters and hypernuclei
A review of transport-model constraints on the nuclear equation of state from flow of protons, light clusters, and hypernuclei, concluding that soft momentum-dependent potentials fit few-GeV data best.
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SMASH: Results from hadronic transport for heavy-ion collisions at high densities
A mini-review of the SMASH hadronic transport approach: setup, light-nucleus production, mean-field EoS constraints, electromagnetic probes, and hybrid hydrodynamics.
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