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Proton mass decomposition: naturalness and interpretations

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arxiv 2102.07830 v2 pith:C2PA4U6A submitted 2021-02-15 hep-ph hep-latnucl-exnucl-th

classification hep-phhep-latnucl-exnucl-th
keywords decompositionanomalousenergymassnaturalnessprotonquantumanswer
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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I discuss the scope and naturalness of the proton mass decomposition (or sum rule) published in PRL74, 1071 (1995) and answer a few criticisms that appeared recently in the literature, focusing particularly on its interpretation and the quantum anomalous energy contribution. I comment on the so-called frame-independent or invariant-mass decomposition from the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. I stress the importance of measuring the quantum anomalous energy through experiments. Finally, I point out a large discrepancy in the scalar radius of the nucleon extracted from vector-meson productions and lattice QCD calculations.

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