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Kinetix: Investigating the Training of General Agents through Open-Ended Physics-Based Control Tasks

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arxiv 2410.23208 v2 pith:COC5TPBH submitted 2024-10-30 cs.LG cs.AI

classification cs.LGcs.AI
keywords agentenvironmentskinetixtaskstraininggeneralphysics-basedagents
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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While large models trained with self-supervised learning on offline datasets have shown remarkable capabilities in text and image domains, achieving the same generalisation for agents that act in sequential decision problems remains an open challenge. In this work, we take a step towards this goal by procedurally generating tens of millions of 2D physics-based tasks and using these to train a general reinforcement learning (RL) agent for physical control. To this end, we introduce Kinetix: an open-ended space of physics-based RL environments that can represent tasks ranging from robotic locomotion and grasping to video games and classic RL environments, all within a unified framework. Kinetix makes use of our novel hardware-accelerated physics engine Jax2D that allows us to cheaply simulate billions of environment steps during training. Our trained agent exhibits strong physical reasoning capabilities in 2D space, being able to zero-shot solve unseen human-designed environments. Furthermore, fine-tuning this general agent on tasks of interest shows significantly stronger performance than training an RL agent *tabula rasa*. This includes solving some environments that standard RL training completely fails at. We believe this demonstrates the feasibility of large scale, mixed-quality pre-training for online RL and we hope that Kinetix will serve as a useful framework to investigate this further.

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Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. The Speedup Paradox: Rethinking Inference Speed-Quality Trade-off in Embodied Tasks

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    TISED framework reveals paradoxical effects where inference optimizations can lengthen task completion time on static tasks or raise success rates on dynamic tasks in embodied AI.

  2. Action-Prior Denoising for Smooth Real-Time Chunking

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Soft RTC uses partially denoised states for overlap tokens and token-wise blending to reduce action delta and jerk by ~9% versus hard RTC while matching solve rates on Kinetix levels.

  3. DiscreteRTC: Discrete Diffusion Policies are Natural Asynchronous Executors

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Discrete diffusion policies act as natural asynchronous executors for robotics by treating action generation as iterative unmasking, yielding higher success rates and lower computation than flow-matching real-time chu...

  4. DiscreteRTC: Discrete Diffusion Policies are Natural Asynchronous Executors

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Discrete diffusion policies support native asynchronous execution via unmasking for real-time chunking, delivering higher success rates and 0.7x inference cost versus flow-matching RTC on dynamic robotics benchmarks a...

  5. Reflex: Real-Time VLA Control through Streaming Inference

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Reflex caches timestep-invariant perception features in flow-matching VLA models to deliver ~2.58x inference speedup and stable 50Hz streaming control.

  6. The Speedup Paradox: Rethinking Inference Speed-Quality Trade-off in Embodied Tasks

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    TISED decomposes inference optimization effects on embodied tasks and identifies paradoxical outcomes where faster per-step inference can increase task completion time on static tasks or raise success rates on dynamic tasks.

  7. Goal-Conditioned Agents that Learn Everything All at Once

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    LEO enables efficient all-goals learning in goal-conditioned RL by jointly predicting for all goals in one network pass, yielding >250x speedup over relabelling and better performance on Craftax.

  8. TABX: A High-Throughput Sandbox Battle Simulator for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    cs.MA 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Presents TABX, a modular JAX-accelerated sandbox simulator enabling customizable multi-agent tasks and high-throughput evaluation for cooperative MARL.

  9. TABX: A High-Throughput Sandbox Battle Simulator for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    cs.MA 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    TABX is a JAX-based, GPU-accelerated, configurable multi-agent battle simulator that lets researchers vary units, terrain, and physics to benchmark cooperative MARL algorithms.

  10. Real-Time Execution of Action Chunking Flow Policies

    cs.RO 2025-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Real-time chunking (RTC) allows diffusion- and flow-based action chunking policies to execute smoothly and asynchronously, maintaining high success rates on dynamic tasks even with significant inference latency.

  11. Understanding Asynchronous Inference Methods for Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Controlled benchmarks show per-step residual correction (A2C2) as most effective for VLA asynchronous inference up to d=8 delays on Kinetix with over 90% solve rate, outperforming inpainting and conditioning while tra...

  12. Preventing Learning Stagnation in PPO by Scaling to 1 Million Parallel Environments

    cs.LG 2026-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    PPO plateaus can be avoided by increasing the number of parallel environments, which reduces both the outer-loop step size and update noise; scaling to 1M environments sustained improvement to 1T transitions.

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