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Reward-Guided Iterative Refinement in Diffusion Models at Test-Time with Applications to Protein and DNA Design

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arxiv 2502.14944 v1 pith:EKRAIXL3 submitted 2025-02-20 cs.LG cs.AIcs.NEq-bio.QMstat.ML

Reward-Guided Iterative Refinement in Diffusion Models at Test-Time with Applications to Protein and DNA Design

classification cs.LG cs.AIcs.NEq-bio.QMstat.ML
keywords diffusionmodelsrefinementrewardreward-guidedalgorithmsdesignduring
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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To fully leverage the capabilities of diffusion models, we are often interested in optimizing downstream reward functions during inference. While numerous algorithms for reward-guided generation have been recently proposed due to their significance, current approaches predominantly focus on single-shot generation, transitioning from fully noised to denoised states. We propose a novel framework for inference-time reward optimization with diffusion models inspired by evolutionary algorithms. Our approach employs an iterative refinement process consisting of two steps in each iteration: noising and reward-guided denoising. This sequential refinement allows for the gradual correction of errors introduced during reward optimization. Besides, we provide a theoretical guarantee for our framework. Finally, we demonstrate its superior empirical performance in protein and cell-type-specific regulatory DNA design. The code is available at \href{https://github.com/masa-ue/ProDifEvo-Refinement}{https://github.com/masa-ue/ProDifEvo-Refinement}.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

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  2. Posterior Inference in Latent Space for Scalable Constrained Black-box Optimization

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    Reformulates constrained black-box optimization as posterior inference in latent space of flow-based models amortized by outsourced diffusion models, claiming superior performance on synthetic and real tasks.

  3. Generative Refinement for Low-Budget Black-Box Optimization

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    SPARROW is a black-box optimization method that treats a fixed generative sampler as a structured proposal operator and applies rank-based selection over evaluated candidates to achieve low-budget optimization with as...

  4. LPDP: Inference-Time Reward Control for Variable-Length DNA Generation with Edit Flows

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LPDP adds a local re-solving operator to edit-flow DNA generators so that reward signals can guide insertions, deletions, and substitutions without retraining.

  5. MP2D: Constrained Monte Carlo Tree-Guided Diffusion for Multi-Objective Protein Sequence Design

    q-bio.BM 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MP2D is a framework that guides discrete diffusion denoising with constrained MCTS and Pareto rewards to optimize protein sequences for four to five simultaneous objectives, outperforming baselines on antimicrobial pe...

  6. On the Design Space of Discrete Diffusion Online Adaptation for Molecular Optimization

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