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Preparations for Quantum Simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics in 1+1 Dimensions: (I) Axial Gauge
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abstract
Tools necessary for quantum simulations of $1+1$ dimensional quantum chromodynamics are developed. When formulated in axial gauge and with two flavors of quarks, this system requires 12 qubits per spatial site with the gauge fields included via non-local interactions. Classical computations and D-Wave's quantum annealer Advantage are used to determine the hadronic spectrum, enabling a decomposition of the masses and a study of quark entanglement. Color edge states confined within a screening length of the end of the lattice are found. IBM's 7-qubit quantum computers, ibmq_jakarta and ibm_perth, are used to compute dynamics from the trivial vacuum in one-flavor QCD with one spatial site. More generally, the Hamiltonian and quantum circuits for time evolution of $1+1$ dimensional $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory with $N_f$ flavors of quarks are developed, and the resource requirements for large-scale quantum simulations are estimated.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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Binary Gauss Stabilizers for Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
Binary Gauss stabilizers provide a non-Pauli stabilizer description of the physical subspace of Z_{2^η} lattice gauge theories, enabling bit-flip error correction and gauge fixing from gauge constraints alone.
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Faddeev description of baryons in two-dimensional QCD with $N_c=3$. I. Chiral spectrum, isospin, and strangeness
A valence light-front Faddeev solution of Nc=3 QCD2 yields a massless chiral baryon, Webber’s tower, inverted Σ–Λ ordering, and protected GMO/Coleman–Glashow relations in mass squared.
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Quantum Error Correction Codes for Truncated SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theories
Gauss's law constraints in jmax=1/2 SU(2) lattice gauge theory are converted into stabilizer codes that correct single-qubit errors using about 9N or 12N physical qubits per N plaquettes.
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Probing Hadron Scattering in Lattice Gauge Theories on Qudit Quantum Computers
Proposed qudit circuits simulate meson-antimeson scattering in a spin-1 U(1) lattice gauge theory and remain accurate under realistic dephasing and depolarization noise.
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Efficient Qudit Circuit for Quench Dynamics of $2+1$D Quantum Link Electrodynamics
A matter-integrated-out reformulation of 2+1D U(1) quantum link electrodynamics is translated into explicit qudit circuits, with Trotterized simulations matching exact dynamics on small lattices.
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String Breaking Dynamics and Glueball Formation in a $2+1$D Lattice Gauge Theory
In a 2+1D Z2 lattice gauge theory, string breaking happens only at specific resonances set by field strength and matter mass, while long strings can dynamically form closed electric loops analogous to glueballs.
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Exponential speedup in quantum simulation of Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian via orbifold lattice
The Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian is recovered from the orbifold lattice Hamiltonian in the infinite scalar mass limit, with numerical confirmation for SU(2) and SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions.
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Observation of hadron scattering in a lattice gauge theory on a quantum computer
The authors observe elastic and confined scattering, plus mass-quench-induced inelastic dynamics, in a 1+1D U(1) lattice gauge theory on IBM quantum hardware.
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Observation of Robust and Coherent Non-Abelian Hadron Dynamics on Noisy Quantum Processors
A 60-site SU(2) lattice gauge theory was run on 120 qubits, but the implemented dynamics approximate to non-interacting fermion hopping, and the abstract's claimed breathing-mode frequency is not extracted anywhere.
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