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Event Soliton Formation in Mixed Energy-Momentum Gaps of Nonlinear Spacetime Crystals
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We report the formation of a novel soliton, termed event soliton, in nonlinear photonic spacetime crystals (STCs). In these media, simultaneous spatiotemporal periodic modulation of the dielectric constant generates mixed frequency (${\omega}$) and wavevector (k) gaps. Under Kerr nonlinearity, the event solitons emerge as fully localized entities in both spacetime and energy-momentum domains, providing a tangible demonstration of the concept of event in relativity. The ${\omega}$k-gap mixture arises from the coexistence and competition between time reflected and Bragg reflected waves due to the spatiotemporal modulation. We propose a new partial differential equation to capture various spatiotemporal patterns and present numerical simulations to validate our theoretical predictions, reflecting a three-way balance among k-gap opening, ${\omega}$-gap opening, and nonlinearity. Our work opens avenues for fundamental studies and fosters experimental prospects for implementing spacetime crystals in both time-varying photonics and periodically driven condensed matter systems.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Observation of full momentum bandgap in photonic time crystals
First experimental observation of a full (infinite) momentum bandgap spanning all momenta in a photonic time crystal, achieved via resonant enhancement in two modulated microwave metamaterial platforms.
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Breathing k-Gap Events and Instability on Instability in Nonlinear Photonic Time Crystals
A localized perturbation on an unstable k-gap soliton background in nonlinear photonic time crystals nucleates a transient breathing spatiotemporal event sustained by energy extraction from the host train.
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