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Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of Extrasolar Planets
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Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of Extrasolar Planets
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Direct imaging and spectroscopy is the likely means by which we will someday identify, confirm, and characterize an Earth-like planet around a nearby Sun-like star. This Chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding discovering and characterizing exoplanets by direct imaging and spectroscopy. We detail instruments and software needed for direct imaging detections and summarize the current inventory of confirmed and candidate directly-imaged exoplanets. Direct imaging and spectroscopy in the past decade has provided key insights into jovian planet atmospheres, probed the demographics of the outskirts of planetary systems, and shed light on gas giant planet formation. We forecast the new tools and future facilities on the ground and in space that will enhance our capabilities for exoplanet imaging and will likely image habitable zone rocky planets around the nearest stars.
Forward citations
Cited by 14 Pith papers
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Direct Imaging Discovery of Giant Exoplanet $\beta$ Pictoris d: A Decade-Long Game of Hide-and-Seek
Direct imaging discovery of β Pictoris d, a ~2.4 M_Jup planet at ~26 au with CO2-rich atmosphere, detected in multi-epoch VLT and JWST observations and consistent with bound orbital motion.
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Quantum-optimal coronagraphy with spatial mode sorting for direct exoplanet observations
The paper derives quantum-optimal spatial modes for mode-sorting coronagraphy that account for finite star size and complex apertures, improving detection performance at close working angles.
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Direct Imaging Discovery of Giant Exoplanet $\beta$ Pictoris d: A Decade-Long Game of Hide-and-Seek
Direct imaging over 11 years confirms β Pictoris d as a ~2.4 MJup, ~600 K bound companion at ~26 au, coplanar with b and c and consistent with sculpting the debris-disk inner edge.
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Planetary formation tracks on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram: Visualising the processes of giant planet growth
Planetary formation tracks on the HR diagram show three branches: ascending during solid accretion with L proportional to T to the 8th for in-situ planetesimals, near-horizontal during gas accretion, and descending du...
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JWST high-contrast spectroscopy with speckle modelling: Atmospheric retrievals of the T dwarf companion HD 19467 B
Joint speckle-atmosphere retrievals on JWST spectra of HD 19467 B and a field T dwarf detect H2O, CH4, CO, CO2 and NH3, yield carbon isotopic ratios of 154 and 85 respectively, and show near-solar metallicity with sub...
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Exploration of the inner region of the system HD 142527
High-contrast imaging with PACO and REXPACO reveals a new candidate companion at ~14 au and a tightly wound H-alpha spiral in the inner disk of HD 142527, suggesting ongoing companion-disk interactions.
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Exploration of the inner region of the system HD 142527
High-contrast imaging of HD 142527 reveals a candidate companion at ~14 au and an Hα spiral in the inner disk, possibly tracing accretion flows linked to companion B.
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Characterizing the oxidation state of rocky exoplanets with the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE)
LIFE baseline mid-IR observations of Earth-sized planets at 10 pc can retrieve CO2, CH4, and NH3 well enough to distinguish mantle redox states from IW-6 to IW+6 under the paper's modeling assumptions.
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The spectral energy distribution of YSES 1 b and its circumplanetary disc
A circumplanetary disc model applied to YSES 1 b's photometry revises its temperature to 2854 K, radius to 1.58 RJ, and mass to 26-42 MJ depending on age, placing it in the brown dwarf regime.
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Characterizing Earth analogs may require a moderate or high-resolution spectrograph
A template-matching simulation framework shows that R>1,000 spectrographs yield higher biosignature sensitivity than R~140 for Earth analogs, because correlated speckle noise can suppress detections at low resolution.
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Characterizing Earth analogs may require a moderate or high-resolution spectrograph
Moderate to high spectral resolution (R>1000) provides higher sensitivity for detecting key molecules like H2O and O2 in Earth analogs than low resolution (R~140), as correlated speckle noise can suppress detections a...
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Demonstrating Improved Contrast on the Roman Coronagraph with Spatial Linear Dark Field Control
Proposes applying sLDFC to the Roman Coronagraph to maintain darker, more stable dark holes and use bright-field signals to boost exoplanet detection limits.
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The JWST weather report: Unravelling the atmospheric variability of isolated worlds using principal component analysis
SIMP 0136's rotation-modulated spectrum is captured by two principal components — temperature and cloud vertical structure — so its weather reduces to a three-state mixture.
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Discovery of a Low-Mass Companion to the Accelerating Star HIP 53005 with Strongly Conflicting Mass Estimates
New companion HIP 53005 C shows strongly conflicting mass estimates of ~80 M_Jup from photometry versus ~185 M_Jup from dynamics, possibly indicating binarity or an unseen closer companion.
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