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LayerKV: Optimizing Large Language Model Serving with Layer-wise KV Cache Management

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arxiv 2410.00428 v3 pith:IGCC3R36 submitted 2024-10-01 cs.DC cs.AIcs.LG

LayerKV: Optimizing Large Language Model Serving with Layer-wise KV Cache Management

classification cs.DC cs.AIcs.LG
keywords layerkvttftcacheallocationcontextlanguagelargelatency
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The expanding context windows in large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their capabilities in various applications, but they also introduce significant challenges in maintaining low latency, particularly in Time to First Token (TTFT). This paper identifies that the sharp rise in TTFT as context length increases is predominantly driven by queuing delays, which are caused by the growing demands for GPU Key-Value (KV) cache allocation clashing with the limited availability of KV cache blocks. To address this issue, we propose LayerKV, a simple yet effective plug-in method that effectively reduces TTFT without requiring additional hardware or compromising output performance, while seamlessly integrating with existing parallelism strategies and scheduling techniques. Specifically, LayerKV introduces layer-wise KV block allocation, management, and offloading for fine-grained control over system memory, coupled with an SLO-aware scheduler to optimize overall Service Level Objectives (SLOs). Comprehensive evaluations on representative models, ranging from 7B to 70B parameters, across various GPU configurations, demonstrate that LayerKV improves TTFT latency up to 69x and reduces SLO violation rates by 28.7%, significantly enhancing the user experience.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Efficient Remote KV Cache Reuse with GPU-native Video Codec

    cs.DC 2026-02 conditional novelty 7.0

    KVCodec uses GPU-native video codecs and pipelined fetching to compress and transmit KV caches, delivering up to 3.51x faster TTFT than prior methods while preserving accuracy.

  2. Persistent Computational State: A Session-Centric Runtime for Generative World Models

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    World-model persistence failures are partly a serving-layer bug: restoring the runtime's non-recomputable state (observation+RNG, memory bank, or KV context) after an excursion reproduces the never-left continuation b...

  3. Beyond Storage: State as a Runtime Control Problem in Parallel and Distributed Systems

    cs.DC 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    State management across streaming, serving, retrieval, and learning systems is best modeled as one coupled runtime control loop spanning access, execution, and evolution.

  4. PagedWeight: Efficient MoE LLM Serving with Dynamic Quality-Aware Weight Quantization

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    PagedWeight pages quantized MoE expert weights on and off the GPU at runtime, releasing memory to the KV cache while using sensitivity, routing, and prompt signals to choose which experts to shrink.

  5. Adaptive KV Cache Reuse for Fast Long-Context LLM Serving

    cs.AR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CacheTune delivers 3.72x-4.86x TTFT speedup and 3.93x-6.21x throughput in long-context LLM serving via frequency-guided selective KV recomputation and hardware-aware I/O overlap while keeping output quality near full ...

  6. ForkKV: Scaling Multi-LoRA Agent Serving via Copy-on-Write Disaggregated KV Cache

    cs.DC 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ForkKV uses copy-on-write disaggregated KV cache with DualRadixTree and ResidualAttention kernels to deliver up to 3x throughput over prior multi-LoRA serving systems with negligible quality loss.