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Adversarial Tuning: Defending Against Jailbreak Attacks for LLMs

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arxiv 2406.06622 v1 pith:JDDSNZN4 submitted 2024-06-07 cs.CL cs.AIcs.CR

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.CR
keywords adversarialdefensejailbreakllmspromptsattackframeworktuning
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Although safely enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tackling various complex tasks in a zero-shot manner, they remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks, particularly the unknown jailbreak attack. To enhance LLMs' generalized defense capabilities, we propose a two-stage adversarial tuning framework, which generates adversarial prompts to explore worst-case scenarios by optimizing datasets containing pairs of adversarial prompts and their safe responses. In the first stage, we introduce the hierarchical meta-universal adversarial prompt learning to efficiently and effectively generate token-level adversarial prompts. In the second stage, we propose the automatic adversarial prompt learning to iteratively refine semantic-level adversarial prompts, further enhancing LLM's defense capabilities. We conducted comprehensive experiments on three widely used jailbreak datasets, comparing our framework with six defense baselines under five representative attack scenarios. The results underscore the superiority of our proposed methods. Furthermore, our adversarial tuning framework exhibits empirical generalizability across various attack strategies and target LLMs, highlighting its potential as a transferable defense mechanism.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. RippleBench: Capturing Ripple Effects Using Existing Knowledge Repositories

    cs.AI 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    RippleBench automatically generates questions at increasing semantic distance from unlearned topics and shows all eight tested unlearning methods degrade accuracy that recovers only slowly with distance.

  2. SoK: Systematizing LLM Prompt Security: Taxonomies, Datasets, and Unified Evaluation of Attacks and Defenses

    cs.CR 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A systemization of LLM jailbreak security that adds linked taxonomies, an evaluation platform, and JailbreakDB, while its main attack–defense comparison results remain deferred.

  3. Forewarned is Forearmed: Pre-Synthesizing Jailbreak-like Instructions to Enhance LLM Safety Guardrail to Potential Attacks

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    IMAGINE pre-synthesizes intent-concealed jailbreak-like instructions via iterative latent-space expansion, and DPO with that data reduces jailbreak attack success rates on Qwen2.5, Llama3.1 and Llama3.2.

  4. Large Language Model Powered Intelligent Urban Agents: Concepts, Capabilities, and Applications

    cs.MA 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper defines urban LLM agents, surveys their sensing, memory, reasoning, execution, and learning workflows, and organizes their applications across planning, transportation, environment, safety, and society.

  5. A Survey on Proactive Defense Strategies Against Misinformation in Large Language Models

    cs.IR 2025-07 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    A survey claims proactive defenses against LLM misinformation outperform post-hoc detection by up to 63%, but no meta-analysis details are provided to support the claim.

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