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Gluons and the quark sea at high energies: distributions, polarization, tomography
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This report is based on a ten-week program on "Gluons and the quark sea at high-energies", which took place at the Institute for Nuclear Theory in Seattle in Fall 2010. The principal aim of the program was to develop and sharpen the science case for an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a facility that will be able to collide electrons and positrons with polarized protons and with light to heavy nuclei at high energies, offering unprecedented possibilities for in-depth studies of quantum chromodynamics. This report is organized around four major themes: i) the spin and flavor structure of the proton, ii) three-dimensional structure of nucleons and nuclei in momentum and configuration space, iii) QCD matter in nuclei, and iv) Electroweak physics and the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. Beginning with an executive summary, the report contains tables of key measurements, chapter overviews for each of the major scientific themes, and detailed individual contributions on various aspects of the scientific opportunities presented by an EIC.
Forward citations
Cited by 21 Pith papers
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Weizs\"acker-Williams Gluon Helicity Distribution and Inclusive Dijet Production in Longitudinally Polarized Electron-Proton Collisions
In the back-to-back limit, the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry for inclusive quark-antiquark dijets in polarized electron-proton scattering probes the WW gluon helicity TMD, whose small-x DLA evolution matches the ...
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Emergent Local Phase-Space Scaling in Small-x Gluon Evolution
In the fixed-coupling SO(3)-BK model, Q_s-adaptive coarse graining of the gluon Husimi distribution produces collapse of conditional momentum distributions onto k/Q_s and unit-slope growth of conditional entropy with ...
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Unpolarized GPDs at small $x$ and non-zero skewness
Unpolarized GPDs and GTMDs at small x with non-zero skewness are expressed via the dipole amplitude N and odderon O with modified rapidity Y = ln min{1/|x|, 1/|ξ|}.
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Parton distributions in the shockwave formalism
A single shockwave Feynman-rule framework reproduces and extends prior small-x parton distributions, yielding new quark GTMD/GPD/PDF and diffractive-TMD results.
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Analytic Solution for the Helicity Evolution Equations at Small $x$ and Large $N_c\&N_f$
An exact analytic solution of the revised large-Nc and large-Nf small-x helicity evolution equations in QCD, yielding all-order polarized DGLAP anomalous dimensions and small-x growth intercepts.
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Emergence, Formation and Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter
A doctoral thesis deriving the QCD correlation functions that control quarkonium dissociation and recombination in the quark-gluon plasma, and showing that hydrodynamization in a simplified QCD kinetic theory matches ...
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Gluon Unpolarized, Polarized, and Transversity GPDs from Lattice QCD: Lorentz-Covariant Parametrization (Part I)
A Lorentz-covariant tensor basis and projection set is constructed that isolates all eight leading-twist gluon GPDs from lattice QCD matrix elements for spin-0 and spin-1/2 hadrons.
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The variable flavor number scheme to three-loop order
The variable flavor number scheme is completed to three-loop order with single- and two-mass effects, validated by renormalization-group analysis to match asymptotic heavy-flavor corrections, plus numerical Wilson-coe...
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Neutrino-jet correlations in charged-current SIDIS
A twist-3 calculation of charged-current SIDIS with jet detection yields a complete set of asymmetries and a charge asymmetry observable sensitive to quark flavor and strange sea.
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Azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive $J/\psi\,+\,\mathrm{jet}$ production at an EIC
Semi-inclusive J/psi plus jet production in electron-proton collisions at an EIC gives azimuthal asymmetries driven by gluon TMDs, with positivity-bound maxima up to roughly 60% in favorable kinematics.
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T-odd transverse momentum dependent gluon distributions for tensor polarized deuteron in a spectator model
Six leading-twist T-odd gluon TMDs of a tensor-polarized deuteron are derived analytically and evaluated numerically in a spectator model with single-gluon final-state interaction.
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Maximum phase-space density of linearly polarized gluon TMDs in the saturation region
For the dipole gluon TMD, the Sudakov-limited maximum phase-space density of h_1^{⊥g} is 2 n_g^{max} ∼ 2 α_s^{-3/2} in the saturation region.
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Hadron production in the charged current semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering of $N=Z$ nuclei
The pion yield asymmetry in charged-current neutrino SIDIS of N=Z nuclei is predicted to be nearly independent of the nucleus type and sensitive to sea-quark and disfavored-fragmentation inputs.
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The Polarized Three-Loop Anomalous Dimensions from On-Shell Massive Operator Matrix Elements
The authors recompute the T_F-proportional pieces of the polarized three-loop QCD anomalous dimensions using massive operator matrix elements and find full agreement with the published 2014 results.
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Probing quark transversity GPDs in diffractive photo- and electroproduction on the deuteron
Calculations for coherent vector meson production on deuteron indicate that an EIC could probe transversity GPDs.
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Physics of the Electron-Ion Collider in China
A review of the EicC physics case argues that the proposed Chinese electron-ion collider, at 15-20 GeV collision energy, can complement the US EIC with high-precision measurements of sea-quark spin structure, proton m...
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The 3D structure of the Nucleon in momentum space: TMD phenomenology
A review showing unpolarized quark TMD fits now reach collinear-PDF-like precision, while polarized and gluon TMDs remain less constrained.
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Opportunities for spin physics at EIC
An overview paper summarizing opportunities to measure electroweak polarized structure functions, PDFs, TMDs, GPDs, GTMDs, and related spin effects at the EIC, noting its essential role for small-x and high-Q2 studies.
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Ultra-peripheral Collisions
Ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions are reviewed as the energy frontier for photon physics; the paper consolidates a decade of LHC/RHIC results and proposes no new measurement.
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Neutron Star Equation of State with Nucleon Short-Range Correlations: A Concise Review and Open Issues
A review of how short-range-correlation-induced high-momentum tails modify the nuclear equation of state and neutron-star observables, with open questions about supra-saturation densities.
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Parton Distribution Functions and their Generalizations
A textbook-style introduction to the definitions, QCD properties, experimental access, and current phenomenological status of PDFs and their generalizations.
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