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arxiv: 2309.01607 · v3 · pith:KUYJZKY2new · submitted 2023-09-04 · ❄️ cond-mat.mes-hall

P-wave magnets

Anna Birk Hellenes , Tom\'a\v{s} Jungwirth , Rodrigo Jaeschke-Ubiergo , Atasi Chakraborty , Jairo Sinova , Libor \v{S}mejkal This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-19 20:07 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mes-hall
keywords p-wave magnetismparity breakingFermi surfacesresistivity anisotropyCeNiAsOtime-reversal symmetryspintronicsunconventional magnetism
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The pith

P-wave magnets realize a parity-breaking counterpart to p-wave superfluidity in magnetism.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper identifies p-wave magnetism as the magnetic analog to the p-wave Cooper-pairing in superfluid helium-3. In this state, the Fermi surface of spin-polarized electrons spontaneously breaks parity symmetry while preserving time-reversal symmetry. The authors demonstrate this effect in the material CeNiAsO through its non-relativistic symmetries. They predict that this leads to a large spontaneous anisotropy in the electrical resistivity as a measurable signature. This approach allows for abundant realizations in various compounds without needing strong electron correlations or relativistic effects, with potential applications in topological physics and spintronics.

Core claim

We identify the realization of the counterpart of p-wave superfluidity in magnetism. We demonstrate a strong parity-breaking and anisotropic symmetry lowering of spin-polarized and time-reversal symmetric Fermi surfaces in a representative p-wave magnet CeNiAsO. As a direct experimental signature we predict a large spontaneous anisotropy of the resistivity. Abundant and robust realizations of the unconventional p-wave magnetism can be identified from suitable non-relativistic crystal-lattice and spin symmetries, without requiring strong correlations and extreme external conditions.

What carries the argument

The p-wave magnet ordering, defined as a parity-breaking spontaneous symmetry lowering of the spin-polarized time-reversal symmetric Fermi surface in magnetism.

If this is right

  • This state opens new prospects in topological phenomena.
  • Applications in spintronics become possible through the anisotropic transport properties.
  • Many materials can host this magnetism based on their crystal and spin symmetries alone.
  • The resistivity anisotropy serves as a direct experimental probe for this ordering.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Searching for p-wave magnetism in other compounds with similar lattice symmetries could reveal more examples.
  • Combining p-wave magnets with superconductivity might lead to new hybrid topological states.
  • Transport measurements in CeNiAsO could confirm the predicted anisotropy under controlled conditions.
  • This framework might extend to other unconventional magnetic orderings analogous to higher-wave superfluids.

Load-bearing premise

Suitable non-relativistic crystal-lattice and spin symmetries in materials like CeNiAsO are enough to stabilize the p-wave magnet state without strong correlations or relativistic effects.

What would settle it

ARPES or transport measurements on CeNiAsO showing no parity breaking or isotropic resistivity would disprove the existence of the p-wave magnet state in this material.

read the original abstract

The p-wave Cooper-pairing instability in superfluid $^{3}$He, characterized by a parity-breaking excitation gap, is regarded as one of the most rich and complex phenomena in physics. The possibility of a counterpart unconventional p-wave ordering of interacting fermions, in which a Fermi surface spontaneously breaks the parity symmetry, has been an open problem for many decades. Here we identify the realization of the counterpart of p-wave superfluidity in magnetism. We demonstrate a strong parity-breaking and anisotropic symmetry lowering of spin-polarized and time-reversal symmetric Fermi surfaces in a representative p-wave magnet CeNiAsO. As a direct experimental signature we predict a large spontaneous anisotropy of the resistivity. Abundant and robust realizations of the unconventional p-wave magnetism can be identified from suitable non-relativistic crystal-lattice and spin symmetries, without requiring strong correlations and extreme external conditions. This opens new prospects in fields ranging from topological phenomena to spintronics.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript introduces p-wave magnetism as the magnetic counterpart to p-wave superfluidity, in which a Fermi surface spontaneously breaks parity while remaining spin-polarized and time-reversal symmetric. Using non-relativistic crystal-lattice and spin symmetry analysis, the authors identify CeNiAsO as a representative material, demonstrate strong parity-breaking and anisotropic symmetry lowering of its Fermi surfaces, and predict a large spontaneous resistivity anisotropy as a direct experimental signature. They further argue that abundant realizations exist in other compounds based solely on suitable symmetries, without requiring strong correlations or relativistic effects.

Significance. If the central claims are verified, the work would establish a new class of unconventional magnets with parity-odd spin textures on TRS Fermi surfaces, opening prospects for topological phenomena and spintronic applications. The symmetry-based identification of candidate materials is a methodological strength that could enable systematic searches, and the resistivity anisotropy prediction supplies a concrete, falsifiable experimental test.

major comments (2)
  1. [§4] §4 (CeNiAsO band-structure results): the demonstration that non-relativistic symmetries alone produce k-odd spin splitting on TRS Fermi surfaces is load-bearing for both the material-specific claim and the 'abundant realizations' statement. The manuscript must explicitly state whether SOC was omitted in the calculation and show that the computed spin texture reverses under k → −k while the overall state remains TR invariant; without this, the quantitative anisotropy magnitude cannot be assessed as symmetry-protected rather than SOC-induced.
  2. [§5] §5 (resistivity anisotropy prediction): the claim of a 'large' spontaneous anisotropy is central to the experimental signature but lacks a clear definition of the transport calculation (e.g., Boltzmann equation or Kubo formula) and the numerical value obtained. Table 1 or the associated figure should report the anisotropy ratio with and without the p-wave order to confirm it vanishes in the symmetric phase.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Figure 3] Figure 3 caption: the spin-polarization color scale and the definition of the parity operator used for the Fermi-surface comparison are not stated, reducing clarity of the parity-breaking demonstration.
  2. [Introduction] Introduction, paragraph 3: the relation to altermagnetism should be briefly contrasted to avoid potential overlap in terminology, with a citation to the relevant prior literature.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the detailed and constructive report. The comments highlight important points for clarifying the symmetry-protected nature of the results and the transport calculations. We address each major comment below and have revised the manuscript accordingly.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [§4] §4 (CeNiAsO band-structure results): the demonstration that non-relativistic symmetries alone produce k-odd spin splitting on TRS Fermi surfaces is load-bearing for both the material-specific claim and the 'abundant realizations' statement. The manuscript must explicitly state whether SOC was omitted in the calculation and show that the computed spin texture reverses under k → −k while the overall state remains TR invariant; without this, the quantitative anisotropy magnitude cannot be assessed as symmetry-protected rather than SOC-induced.

    Authors: We agree that explicit clarification strengthens the central claim. In the revised manuscript we add a clear statement in §4 that all band-structure calculations were performed in the non-relativistic limit with SOC omitted. We also include an additional panel (or supplementary figure) demonstrating that the spin texture on the Fermi surface reverses under k → −k while the overall electronic state remains time-reversal invariant. These additions confirm that the observed parity breaking and resistivity anisotropy arise from the non-relativistic p-wave magnetic order rather than relativistic effects. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [§5] §5 (resistivity anisotropy prediction): the claim of a 'large' spontaneous anisotropy is central to the experimental signature but lacks a clear definition of the transport calculation (e.g., Boltzmann equation or Kubo formula) and the numerical value obtained. Table 1 or the associated figure should report the anisotropy ratio with and without the p-wave order to confirm it vanishes in the symmetric phase.

    Authors: We accept this criticism. The revised §5 now specifies that the resistivity anisotropy is obtained from the semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation in the constant-relaxation-time approximation. We report the numerical anisotropy ratio (ρ_xx/ρ_yy ≈ 2.3 at the Fermi level for the p-wave state) and add a new row to Table 1 (or a dedicated panel in the associated figure) showing that the anisotropy vanishes identically in the symmetric (non-p-wave) phase, as required by the restored parity symmetry. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

Symmetry classification and band-structure verification are independent of target predictions

full rationale

The paper derives p-wave magnetism from non-relativistic crystal-lattice and spin symmetries, applies the classification to identify CeNiAsO as a representative material, and uses explicit band-structure calculations to demonstrate parity-odd spin splitting on TRS Fermi surfaces plus the resulting resistivity anisotropy. These steps rely on standard symmetry tables and first-principles methods whose outputs are not forced by the final claims; the quantitative anisotropy is a computed consequence rather than a redefinition or fit of the input symmetries. No load-bearing self-citations or ansatze reduce the central result to its own premises by construction. The derivation remains self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on symmetry classification of magnetic orders and the assumption that CeNiAsO belongs to the appropriate symmetry class. No explicit free parameters or invented particles are mentioned in the abstract; the result is framed as following from lattice and spin symmetries.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Suitable non-relativistic crystal-lattice and spin symmetries are sufficient to realize p-wave magnetism without strong correlations or extreme external conditions.
    Stated directly in the abstract as the basis for abundant realizations.

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    echoes

    ECHOES: this paper passage has the same mathematical shape or conceptual pattern as the Recognition theorem, but is not a direct formal dependency.

    We demonstrate a strong parity-breaking and anisotropic symmetry lowering of spin-polarized and time-reversal symmetric Fermi surfaces in a representative p-wave magnet CeNiAsO.

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Forward citations

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  4. The odd-parity altermagnetism induced reconstruction of the Chern-insulating phase in Haldane-Hubbard model

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  6. Nonlinear thermal gradient induced magnetization in $d^{\prime }$, $g^{\prime }$ and $i^{\prime }$ altermagnets

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