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First constraints on compact binary environments from LIGO-Virgo data

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arxiv 2309.05061 v3 pith:KWADGDDB submitted 2023-09-10 gr-qc astro-ph.GA

classification gr-qcastro-ph.GA
keywords effectsenvironmentalbinarycompacteventsenvironmentsfindfirst
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

The LIGO-Virgo analyses of signals from compact binary mergers observed so far have assumed isolated binary systems in a vacuum, neglecting the potential presence of astrophysical environments. We present here the first investigation of environmental effects on each of the events of GWTC-1 and two low-mass events from GWTC-2. We find no evidence for the presence of environmental effects. Most of the events decisively exclude the scenario of dynamical fragmentation of massive stars as their formation channel. GW170817 results in the most stringent upper bound on the medium density ($\lesssim 21\,\mathrm{g/cm^3}$). We find that environmental effects can substantially bias the recovered parameters in the vacuum model, even when these effects are not detectable. We forecast that the Einstein Telescope and B-DECIGO will be able to probe the environmental effects of accretion disks and superradiant boson clouds on compact binaries.

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