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PsySafe: A Comprehensive Framework for Psychological-based Attack, Defense, and Evaluation of Multi-agent System Safety

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arxiv 2401.11880 v3 pith:LV2JDKXE submitted 2024-01-22 cs.CL cs.AIcs.CRcs.MA

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.CRcs.MA
keywords agentsmulti-agentsafetysystemsbehaviorscomprehensivedangerousframework
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Multi-agent systems, when enhanced with Large Language Models (LLMs), exhibit profound capabilities in collective intelligence. However, the potential misuse of this intelligence for malicious purposes presents significant risks. To date, comprehensive research on the safety issues associated with multi-agent systems remains limited. In this paper, we explore these concerns through the innovative lens of agent psychology, revealing that the dark psychological states of agents constitute a significant threat to safety. To tackle these concerns, we propose a comprehensive framework (PsySafe) grounded in agent psychology, focusing on three key areas: firstly, identifying how dark personality traits in agents can lead to risky behaviors; secondly, evaluating the safety of multi-agent systems from the psychological and behavioral perspectives, and thirdly, devising effective strategies to mitigate these risks. Our experiments reveal several intriguing phenomena, such as the collective dangerous behaviors among agents, agents' self-reflection when engaging in dangerous behavior, and the correlation between agents' psychological assessments and dangerous behaviors. We anticipate that our framework and observations will provide valuable insights for further research into the safety of multi-agent systems. We will make our data and code publicly accessible at https://github.com/AI4Good24/PsySafe.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Taxonomy and Consistency Analysis of Safety Benchmarks for AI Agents

    cs.CY 2026-04 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

    This paper delivers the first systematic taxonomy and cross-benchmark consistency analysis of 40 agent safety benchmarks, finding broad but shallow risk coverage, no ranking concordance across evaluations, and that be...

  2. Prompt Infection: LLM-to-LLM Prompt Injection within Multi-Agent Systems

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    Prompt injection attacks can self-replicate across LLM agents in multi-agent systems, enabling data theft, misinformation, and system disruption while propagating silently.

  3. Enhancing Agent Safety Judgment: Controlled Benchmark Rewriting and Analogical Reasoning for Deceptive Out-of-Distribution Scenarios

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    ROME generates deceptive safety benchmarks that degrade LLM agent judgment performance, while ARISE uses analogical retrieval to improve safety decisions at inference time without retraining.

  4. Attacking and Defending Multi-Agent Collaborative Filtering Systems Through Connectivity

    cs.IR 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In agent-based collaborative filtering, attack spread and privacy leakage grow with interaction connectivity, but the effect is asymmetric between user and item agents and differs between early and steady-state phases.

  5. To trust or not to trust: Attention-based Trust Management for LLM Multi-Agent Systems

    cs.CR 2025-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Introduces six-dimension trustworthiness definition and attention-based A-Trust score with a TMS to improve LLM-MAS robustness against malicious or unreliable messages.

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  7. Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges

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