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Tidal response from scattering and the role of analytic continuation
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The tidal response of a compact object is a key gravitational-wave observable encoding information about its interior. This link is subtle due to the nonlinearities of general relativity. We show that considering a scattering process bypasses challenges with potential ambiguities, as the tidal response is determined by the asymptotic in- and outgoing waves at null infinity. As an application of the general method, we analyze scalar waves scattering off a nonspinning black hole and demonstrate that the low-frequency expansion of the tidal response reproduces known results for the Love number and absorption. In addition, we discuss the definition of the response based on gauge-invariant observables obtained from an effective action description, and clarify the role of analytic continuation for robustly (i) extracting the response and the physical information it contains, and (ii) distinguishing high-order post-Newtonian corrections from finite-size effects in a binary system. Our work is important for interpreting upcoming gravitational-wave data for subatomic physics of ultradense matter in neutron stars, probing black holes and gravity, and looking for beyond-standard-model fields.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Dynamical Love Numbers for Black Holes and Beyond from Shell Effective Field Theory
A shell-based EFT computes scalar Love numbers for Schwarzschild black holes through O(G^9) and conjectures an all-orders Riemann-zeta structure.
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Schwarzschild Black Holes
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In Aether Scalar-Tensor theory, slowly rotating neutron stars obey approximate universal moment-of-inertia versus compactness relations that deviate from general relativity and are fit with parameter-dependent formulae.
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Tidal effects in gravitational waves from neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
Tidal contributions to neutron-star binary gravitational-wave phase in scalar-tensor gravity involve scalar, tensor, and mixed Love numbers, and generally combine to reduce the net tidal signal below the general-relat...
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Tidal deformation of an accreting compact object
For perfectly reflecting Schwarzschild-like ECOs, the log-compactness scaling of static scalar and spin-1 Love numbers survives a thin accretion disk, which mainly amplifies the response magnitude.
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