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Black-hole ringdown as a probe of higher-curvature gravity theories
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abstract
Detecting gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries allows us to explore the dynamical, nonlinear regime of general relativity and constrain modifications to it. Some of the gravitational-wave events observed by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration have sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio in the merger, allowing us to probe the relaxation of the remnant black hole to its final, stationary state - the so-called black-hole ringdown, which is characterized by a set of quasinormal modes. Can we use the ringdown to constrain deviations from general relativity, as predicted by several of its contenders? Here, we address this question by using an inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform model in the effective-one-body formalism, augmented with a parametrization of the ringdown based on an expansion in the final black hole's spin. We give a prescription on how to include in this waveform model, the quasinormal mode frequencies calculated on a theory-by-theory basis. In particular, we focus on theories that modify general relativity by higher-order curvature corrections, namely, Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet (EdGB), dynamical Chern-Simons (dCS) theories, and cubic- and quartic-order effective-field-theories (EFT) of general relativity. We use this parametrized waveform model to measure the ringdown properties of the two loudest ringdown signals observed so far, GW150914 and GW200129. We find that while EdGB theory cannot be constrained with these events, we can place upper bounds on the fundamental lengthscale of cubic- ($\ell_{\rm cEFT} \leqslant 38.2$ km) and quartic-order ($\ell_{\rm qEFT} \leqslant 51.3$ km) EFTs of general relativity, and of dCS gravity ($\ell_{\rm dCS} \leqslant 38.7$ km). The latter result is a concrete example of a theory presently unconstrained by inspiral-only analyses which, however, can be constrained by merger-ringdown studies with current gravitational-wave data.
Forward citations
Cited by 13 Pith papers
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Quasi-normal modes of slowly-rotating Johannsen black holes
For slowly rotating Johannsen black holes, the deformation parameter alpha_13 dominates the quasi-normal mode shifts, and ringdown data from GW170104 bound it to be consistent with zero.
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Ringdown Analysis of Rotating Black Holes in Effective Field Theory Extensions of General Relativity
No evidence of higher-derivative EFT corrections in black hole ringdown spectra from GWTC-3; new physics length scale constrained to ℓ ≲ 35 km.
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Scalar hair on spinning compact objects is described by a conformal coupling of matter to a massless scalar, yielding matching waveforms and energy loss formulas for scalar-tensor gravity binaries.
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Extended parameterized spin expansion formalism for ringdown analysis with GW250114
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A CVAE trained on simulated ringdown waveforms produces posterior estimates of remnant black hole parameters that match Bayesian inference, including overtones and a braneworld tidal charge parameter.
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Quasi-normal modes in non-perturbative quantum gravity
Complex radial-dependent masses motivated by background-induced states shift Schwarzschild black-hole quasinormal-mode frequencies and can produce unstable modes in an ad hoc toy model.
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Higher-derivative corrections to black hole ringdown spectra and quadratic modes are either absent or suppressed below detectability once causality is enforced, leaving Einstein's gravity as the sole observable description.
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