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Running Love Numbers and the Effective Field Theory of Gravity

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arxiv 2501.18684 v2 pith:4HFKG3IT submitted 2025-01-30 hep-th astro-ph.COgr-qc

Running Love Numbers and the Effective Field Theory of Gravity

classification hep-th astro-ph.COgr-qc
keywords blackloveholesnumberstidalgravityneutralones
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Massive states produce higher derivative corrections to Einstein gravity in the infrared, which are encoded into operators of the Effective Field Theory (EFT) of gravity. These EFT operators modify the geometry and affect the tidal properties of black holes, either neutral or charged. A thorough analysis of the perturbative tidal deformation problem leads us to introduce a tidal Green function, which we use to derive two universal formulae that efficiently provide the constant and running Love numbers induced by the EFT. We apply these formulae to determine the tidal response of EFT-corrected non-spinning black holes induced by vector and tensor fields, reproducing existing results where available and deriving new ones. We find that neutral black hole Love numbers run classically for $l\geq 3$ while charged ones run for $l\geq2$. Insights from the Frobenius method and from EFT principles confirm that the Love number renormalization flow is a well-defined physical effect. We find that extremal black holes can have Love numbers much larger than neutral ones, up to ${\cal O}(1)$ within the EFT validity regime, and that the EFT cutoff corresponds to the exponential suppression of the Schwinger effect. We discuss the possibility of probing an Abelian dark sector through gravitational waves, considering a scenario in which dark-charged extremal black holes exist in the present-day Universe.

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Dynamical Tidal Response of Neutron Stars: from Effective Field Theory to Gravitational Waveforms

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    Complete leading-order dynamical tidal corrections to neutron-star binaries are derived in EFT, showing dynamical Love numbers enhanced relative to static ones and yielding measurable contributions to the GW phase at ...

  2. Gravitational waveforms from binaries in higher-derivative gravity: a Love story

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Higher-derivative gravity corrections to binary gravitational waveforms and energy fluxes appear at 5PN order and scale universally with the black hole's ℓ=2 Love number.

  3. Dynamical tidal Love numbers of black holes under generic perturbations: Connecting black hole perturbation theory with effective field theory

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Dynamical tidal Love numbers for Kerr black holes are obtained to linear frequency order by matching EFT worldline couplings to black-hole perturbation solutions, including spin-induced mode mixing.

  4. Tidal Response and Thermodynamics of Black Holes

    hep-th 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A new gauge-invariant effective action computes black hole Love numbers without Regge-Wheeler methods, and these numbers determine leading thermodynamic corrections under external perturbations.

  5. Fermionic Love number of Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes

    gr-qc 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Static fermionic tidal Love numbers are non-vanishing for non-extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes.

  6. Positivity bounds from thermal field theory entropy

    hep-th 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Thermodynamic consistency in thermal scalar EFTs requires the Wilson coefficient of the leading dimension-8 operator to be strictly positive.

  7. Tidal deformation of an accreting compact object

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    For perfectly reflecting Schwarzschild-like ECOs, the log-compactness scaling of static scalar and spin-1 Love numbers survives a thin accretion disk, which mainly amplifies the response magnitude.

  8. Dynamical Tidal Response of Non-rotating Black Holes: Connecting the MST Formalism and Worldline EFT

    gr-qc 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Renormalized dynamical tidal response functions for non-rotating black holes in GR carry inevitable ambiguities from renormalization scheme and flow initial condition, yielding scheme-dependent dynamical tidal Love nu...

  9. Love numbers of black holes and compact objects

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A pedagogical review of Love numbers and tidal responses for black holes and compact objects in general relativity and extensions.