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Modeling and Beamforming Optimization for Pinching-Antenna Systems
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Modeling and Beamforming Optimization for Pinching-Antenna Systems
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The Pinching-Antenna SyStem (PASS) is a revolutionary flexible antenna technology designed to enhance wireless communication by establishing strong line-of-sight (LoS) links, reducing free-space path loss and enabling antenna array reconfigurability. PASS uses dielectric waveguides with low propagation loss for signal transmission, radiating via a passive pinching antenna, which is a small dielectric element applied to the waveguide. This paper first proposes a physics-based hardware model for PASS, where the pinching antenna is modeled as an open-ended directional coupler, and the electromagnetic field behavior is analyzed using coupled-mode theory. A simplified signal model characterizes the coupling effect between multiple antennas on the same waveguide. Based on this, two power models are proposed: equal power and proportional power models. Additionally, a transmit power minimization problem is formulated/studied for the joint optimization of transmit and pinching beamforming under both continuous and discrete pinching antenna activations. Two algorithms are proposed to solve this multimodal optimization problem: the penalty-based alternating optimization algorithm and a low-complexity zero-forcing (ZF)-based algorithm. Numerical results show that 1) the ZF-based low-complexity algorithm performs similarly to the penalty-based algorithm, 2) PASS reduces transmit power by over 95% compared to conventional and massive MIMO, 3) discrete activation causes minimal performance loss but requires a dense antenna set to match continuous activation, and 4) the proportional power model yields performance comparable to the equal power model.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Power Minimization in Pinching-Antenna Systems under Probabilistic LoS Blockage
Pinching-antenna systems achieve lower transmit power than fixed-antenna systems via joint optimization of positions and beamforming under probabilistic LoS blockage, with convexity proven for single-PA cases and effi...
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Spectral and Energy Efficiency Tradeoff for Pinching-Antenna Systems
Develops two-stage optimization for single-user and alternating optimization for multi-user pinching-antenna systems, proving position independence from beamforming and algorithm convergence while showing SE-EE gains ...
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On the Blockage Effect in Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS)
Obstacles modeled as random cylinders in a Poisson field give closed-form outage and rate formulas for pinching-antenna systems, with the sliding antenna beating a fixed center antenna.
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Joint Beamforming and Antenna Placement Optimization in Pinching Antenna Systems with User Mobility: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
A DDPG-based reinforcement learning framework is proposed to jointly optimize beamforming and pinching antenna positions for maximizing average sum rate in mobile-user pinching antenna systems under QoS constraints.
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Rate Maximization for Multi-Waveguide PASS: A Hierarchical User Scheduling and Joint Optimization Framework
A hierarchical user scheduling and joint optimization framework is developed for sum rate maximization in multi-waveguide PASS, with numerical results showing gains over random pairing and maximum ratio transmission.
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Reconfigurable Antennas for Next-generation Mobile Communication Networks: A Comprehensive Survey and Tutorial
A survey and tutorial on reconfigurable antennas for 6G networks covering fluid, movable, pinching, and holographic antennas with channel modeling, performance analysis, resource allocation, and open challenges.
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Pinching Antenna Systems (PASS): Enabling Reconfigurable and Controllable Wireless Channels -- A Comprehensive Survey
The paper provides a comprehensive review and categorization of pinching antenna systems (PASS) for objectives including network coverage, data rate, secure transmission, sensing, integrated sensing and communication,...
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