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Not quite a black hole
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Astrophysical black hole candidates, although long thought to have a horizon, could be horizonless ultra-compact objects. This intriguing possibility is motivated by the black hole information paradox and a plausible fundamental connection with quantum gravity. Asymptotically free quadratic gravity is considered here as the UV completion of general relativity. A classical theory that captures its main features is used to search for solutions as sourced by matter. We find that sufficiently dense matter produces a novel horizonless configuration, the 2-2-hole, which closely matches the exterior Schwarzschild solution down to about a Planck proper length of the would-be horizon. The 2-2-hole is characterized by an interior with a shrinking volume and a seemingly innocuous timelike curvature singularity. The interior also has a novel scaling behavior with respect to the physical mass of the 2-2-hole. This leads to an extremely deep gravitational potential in which particles get efficiently trapped via collisions. As a generic static solution, the 2-2-hole may then be the nearly black endpoint of gravitational collapse. There is a considerable time delay for external probes of the 2-2-hole interior, and this determines the spacing of echoes in a post-merger gravitational wave signal.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Spherically symmetric solutions in quasi-local Einstein-Weyl gravity
In quasi-local Einstein-Weyl gravity, static spherically symmetric Frobenius solutions are classified: regular cores only, Schwarzschild-like horizons and wormhole throats, plus asymptotic 1/r^6 corrections to Schwarzschild.
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Model-agnostic search of gravitational wave echoes in LVK data
A multi-detector phase-marginalized echo search finds no statistically significant long-lived quasinormal-mode echoes in GW150914, GW231226, and GW250114, and sets 90% upper limits on their network SNR and amplitude.
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Conformal Cores of Quantum Black Holes in Quadratic Gravity
Exact complex power-law solutions of pure quadratic gravity, named powerballs, can match a Schwarzschild black hole just outside its horizon and give a finite-action model of the quantum interior.
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Charting GLOBs in Asymptotically Safe Gravity
Within the Einstein-Weyl truncation, asymptotically safe gravity predicts a Weyl coefficient m_2 = 1.4 m_Pl, which constrains the phase diagram of compact objects: attractive naked singularities are disfavored while w...
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Plunge spectra as discriminators of black hole mimickers
Plunge spectra of extreme mass ratio events onto black hole mimickers show a low-frequency resonance comb and a high-frequency deviation from black hole behavior above Mω_th ≈ 0.39.
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Ghost-induced phase transition in the final stages of black hole evaporation
A quantum ghost instability is claimed to send evaporating Schwarzschild black holes to stable naked singularities, merging the information paradox with the singularity problem.
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