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AnyGraph: Graph Foundation Model in the Wild

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arxiv 2408.10700 v1 pith:SY4RBDIO submitted 2024-08-20 cs.LG cs.AI

classification cs.LGcs.AI
keywords graphmodelanygraphdatadomainsacrossdistributiondiverse
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The growing ubiquity of relational data structured as graphs has underscored the need for graph learning models with exceptional generalization capabilities. However, current approaches often struggle to effectively extract generalizable insights, frequently requiring extensive fine-tuning and limiting their versatility. Graph foundation models offer a transformative solution, with the potential to learn robust, generalizable representations from graph data. This enables more effective and adaptable applications across a wide spectrum of tasks and domains. In this work, we investigate a unified graph model, AnyGraph, designed to handle key challenges: i) Structure Heterogenity. Addressing distribution shift in graph structural information; ii) Feature Heterogenity. Handling diverse feature representation spaces across graph datasets; iii) Fast Adaptation. Efficiently adapting the model to new graph domains; iv) Scaling Law Emergence. Enabling the model to exhibit scaling law behavior, where its performance scales favorably with the amount of data and parameter sizes. To tackle these critical challenges, we build the AnyGraph upon a Graph Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture. This approach empowers the model to effectively manage both the in-domain and cross-domain distribution shift concerning structure-level and feature-level heterogeneity. Furthermore, a lightweight graph expert routing mechanism is proposed to facilitate AnyGraph's fast adaptability to new data and domains. Our extensive experiments on diverse 38 graph datasets have demonstrated the strong zero-shot learning performance of AnyGraph across diverse graph domains with significant distribution shift. Furthermore, we have validated the model's fast adaptation ability and scaling law emergence, showcasing its versatility.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

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    Using graphon limits for dense graphs, the authors decompose cross-domain output shifts for Lipschitz backbones into graph-specific finite-sample terms and a relabeling-invariant domain discrepancy, with stability res...

  2. On the Safety of Graph Representation Learning

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    GRL-Safety benchmark shows that safety in graph representation learning depends on interactions between method design and specific graph stresses rather than broad method families.

  3. CHARM: A Multimodal Graph Foundation Model with Hierarchical Context Modeling for Zero-Shot Transfer

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    CHARM improves zero-shot transfer on multimodal product graphs by replacing raw nodes with hierarchical semantic contexts and modality-complementary bridges that are encoded as LLM-readable tokens.

  4. Toward Federated Multimodal Graph Foundation Models: A Topology-Aware Multimodal Alignment Framework

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A federated pretraining-and-prompt-tuning framework that aligns image, text, and graph-topology information across privacy-separated clients claims consistent state-of-the-art results on 12 multimodal graph datasets.

  5. FedLAB: Traceable Semantic Codebooks for Federated Multimodal Graph Foundation Learning

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    FedLAB organizes multimodal graph knowledge into typed hierarchical codebooks for modality evidence, node semantics, and topology context via federated semantic barycenter pre-training, improving performance by up to ...

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    Reevaluation of 9 GFMs shows only recent prior-data fitted network models outperform tuned GNNs on node property prediction, at higher cost.

  7. Bridging Input Feature Spaces Towards Graph Foundation Models

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    ALL-IN projects node features to a random shared space and uses covariance operators to produce representations invariant to input feature permutations and orthogonal transformations, enabling transfer across graph datasets.

  8. No Need to Train Your RDB Foundation Model

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    Column-wise, parameter-free JUICE encodings let single-table ICL models solve multi-table RDB prediction tasks with no training or fine-tuning.

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    GNNs succeed in EDA when their propagation, aggregation, and supervision match the native algebra of each circuit task, such as max-plus recurrences for timing or hypergraph penalties for placement.

  10. GSTBench: A Benchmark Study on the Transferability of Graph Self-Supervised Learning

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