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Quantum simulation of entanglement and hadronization in jet production: lessons from the massive Schwinger model

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arxiv 2404.00087 v1 pith:T4HYMEM4 submitted 2024-03-29 hep-ph hep-thnucl-thquant-ph

classification hep-phhep-thnucl-thquant-ph
keywords entanglementhadronizationmodelobserveschwingerstatestimeapproach
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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The possible link between entanglement and thermalization, and the dynamics of hadronization are addressed by studying the real-time response of the massive Schwinger model coupled to external sources. This setup mimics the production and fragmentation of quark jets, as the Schwinger model and QCD share the properties of confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. By using quantum simulations on classical hardware, we study the entanglement between the produced jets, and observe the growth of the corresponding entanglement entropy in time. This growth arises from the increased number of contributing eigenstates of the reduced density matrix with sufficiently large and close eigenvalues. We also investigate the physical nature of these eigenstates, and find that at early times they correspond to fermionic Fock states. We then observe the transition from these fermionic Fock states to meson-like bound states as a function of time. In other words, we observe how hadronization develops in real time. At late times, the local observables at mid-rapidity (such as the fermion density and the electric field) approach approximately constant values, suggesting the onset of equilibrium and approach to thermalization.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Nonlocal Nonstabilizerness from Holographic Schwinger Pair Production

    hep-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    In holographic Schwinger pair production, the excess capacity of entanglement is √λ(d−2)/(d−1)³ — positive for d>2, zero for d=2 — so the produced pair carries nonlocal magic for d>2.

  2. Onset of Bjorken Flow in Quantum Evolution of the Massive Schwinger Model

    hep-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In the 1+1D massive Schwinger model, tensor network simulation of a localized excitation reveals Bjorken-like hydrodynamic flow for small fermion mass, but not for large mass.

  3. Quantum computation of hadron scattering in a lattice gauge theory

    quant-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    On a trapped-ion quantum computer, the authors prepared multiple meson wave packets and simulated their early-time collisions in a 1+1D Z2 lattice gauge theory.

  4. Quantum thermalization of Quark-Gluon Plasma

    hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In a 1+1D Schwinger model, strong-coupling quark Wigner functions thermalize to quantum statistical averages, while weak-coupling scalar and axial components do not because of many-body scars, and the θ-vacuum angle c...

  5. Collective motion in the massive Schwinger model via Tensor Network

    hep-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Tensor-network simulations of the massive Schwinger model show Bjorken-like hydrodynamics at small m/g and sharp dynamical order parameters marking the parity-breaking phase transition near m/g=0.33 at θ=π.

  6. Thermalization from quantum entanglement: jet simulations in the massive Schwinger model

    hep-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    In the massive Schwinger model with back-to-back external sources, the central region approaches a thermal state at late times, with temperature estimates from local observables, entanglement entropy, and density-matr...

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