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Measuring the dark matter environments of black hole binaries with gravitational waves

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arxiv 2108.04154 v2 pith:TTBQO33F submitted 2021-08-09 gr-qc astro-ph.COhep-ph

classification gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-ph
keywords darkblackgravitationalmatterbinariesaroundastrophysicalenvironments
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large dark matter overdensities can form around black holes of astrophysical and primordial origin as they form and grow. This "dark dress" inevitably affects the dynamical evolution of binary systems, and induces a dephasing in the gravitational waveform that can be probed with future interferometers. In this paper, we introduce a new analytical model to rapidly compute gravitational waveforms in presence of an evolving dark matter distribution. We then present a Bayesian analysis determining when dressed black hole binaries can be distinguished from GR-in-vacuum ones and how well their parameters can be measured, along with how close they must be to be detectable by the planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We show that LISA can definitively distinguish dark dresses from standard binaries and characterize the dark matter environments around astrophysical and primordial black holes for a wide range of model parameters. Our approach can be generalized to assess the prospects for detecting, classifying, and characterizing other environmental effects in gravitational wave physics.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The swallowed spike: the formation of light primordial black hole structures around heavy seeds

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    No torque mechanism studied supplies enough angular momentum for the innermost light-PBH shells around a heavy seed, so the spike core is swallowed and far less dense than a WIMP spike.

  2. Dissecting environmental effects with eccentric gravitational wave sources

    astro-ph.HE 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Resonances between oscillating environmental forces and the epicyclic motion of eccentric binaries can dominate gravitational wave dephasing over orbit-averaged drag for eccentricities above about 0.05.

  3. Environmental effects in extreme mass ratio inspirals: perturbations to the environment in Kerr

    gr-qc 2025-01 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A perturbative calculation shows that a secondary body in Kerr spacetime creates a wake in a superradiant scalar cloud, with energy fluxes that differ from Schwarzschild predictions by tens of percent.

  4. The Ringdown and the Tide: Fingerprints of Dark Matter Halo Profiles

    gr-qc 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For black holes in generalized (alpha,beta,gamma) dark matter halos, the axial ringdown shift is set by a single redshift integral, while the tidal Love number depends on an outer radial moment, making the two observa...

  5. Black hole spacetimes with dark matter spikes: Energy-momentum tensor and backreaction effects

    gr-qc 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dark-matter spike built from the full orbital motion of its particles has ~50% more energy density near the black hole and produces metric deviations ~2.5 times larger than mass-only models.

  6. Tidal Love numbers and quasi-normal modes of the Schwarzschild-Hernquist black hole

    gr-qc 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For a Schwarzschild black hole in a relativistic Hernquist dark matter halo, quasinormal-mode frequency shifts scale as (MDM/rs)^(3/2) rather than linearly, while tidal Love numbers are small and sensitive to the choi...

  7. Probing dark matter halo profiles with multi-band observations of gravitational waves

    gr-qc 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A Fisher-matrix forecast shows that the proposed deci-Hz space detector GWSat would constrain dark matter spike density and slope around intermediate-mass ratio inspirals to sub-percent accuracy, while third-generatio...

  8. Darkness Visible: N-Body Simulations of Dark Matter Spikes in Hernquist Haloes

    astro-ph.CO 2024-11 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    N-body simulations of adiabatic black hole growth in Hernquist haloes yield an empirical spike profile with outer halo depletion and a mass-ratio-dependent spike radius that deviates from analytical predictions.

  9. When vacuum breaks: a self-consistency test for astrophysical environments in extreme mass ratio inspirals

    gr-qc 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A duration-scan self-consistency test on vacuum EMRI parameter posteriors flags unmodeled environmental effects without adding environmental parameters.

  10. Limits on dark matter, ultralight scalars, and cosmic neutrinos with gyroscope spin and precision clocks

    hep-ph 2024-12

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