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In-Context Learning with Long-Context Models: An In-Depth Exploration

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arxiv 2405.00200 v2 pith:VWM3HUPW submitted 2024-04-30 cs.CL

In-Context Learning with Long-Context Models: An In-Depth Exploration

classification cs.CL
keywords long-contextperformancein-contextdatasetsdemonstrationslearningmodelscontext
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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As model context lengths continue to increase, the number of demonstrations that can be provided in-context approaches the size of entire training datasets. We study the behavior of in-context learning (ICL) at this extreme scale on multiple datasets and models. We show that, for many datasets with large label spaces, performance continues to increase with thousands of demonstrations. We contrast this with example retrieval and finetuning: example retrieval shows excellent performance at low context lengths but has diminished gains with more demonstrations; finetuning is more data hungry than ICL but can exceed long-context ICL performance with additional data. We use the ICL setting to study several properties of both in-context learning and long-context models. We show that long-context ICL is less sensitive to random input shuffling than short-context ICL, that grouping of same-label examples negatively impacts performance, and that the performance boosts do not arise from cumulative gain from encoding many examples together. We conclude that long-context ICL can be an effective tool, and may not require long-context for encoding the demonstration set at all.

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Forward citations

Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. RULER: What's the Real Context Size of Your Long-Context Language Models?

    cs.CL 2024-04 accept novelty 8.0

    RULER shows most long-context LMs drop sharply in performance on complex tasks as length and difficulty increase, with only half maintaining results at 32K tokens.

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  3. Evaluating Memory in LLM Agents via Incremental Multi-Turn Interactions

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    MemoryAgentBench is a new multi-turn benchmark assessing four memory competencies in LLM agents—accurate retrieval, test-time learning, long-range understanding, and selective forgetting—showing that existing methods ...

  4. The Prompt Report: A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering Techniques

    cs.CL 2024-06 accept novelty 7.0

    This systematic survey organizes prompt engineering into a taxonomy of 58 LLM techniques and 40 others, supplies a shared vocabulary, and offers guidelines for state-of-the-art models.

  5. When Youth Enter the Algorithmic Wild: Discovering and Understanding Potentially Harmful Teen Videos on Douyin and Kwai

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  6. Learning to Adapt: In-Context Learning Beyond Stationarity

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Gated linear attention enables lower training and test errors in non-stationary in-context learning by adaptively modulating past inputs through a learnable recency bias under an autoregressive model of task evolution.

  7. Knowing in Advance When an Evolutionary Outer Loop Will Not Help: A Pre-Registered Cheap-Baseline Screening Rule

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A screening rule skips evolutionary outer loops when the ratio of best single-shot gain to best cheap gain meets or exceeds 90%, validated on pre-registered lab cases where the gate fired and loops were abandoned.

  8. Task-Aware Structured Memory for Dynamic Multi-modal In-Context Learning

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    TASM proposes a task-aware structured memory framework using task-vector compression, bipartite token merging, and a Core Memory plus Latent Bank hierarchy to enable efficient dynamic multi-modal in-context learning.

  9. When Context Sticks: Studying Interference in In-Context Learning

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    In-context learning shows persistent interference from prior examples, with more misleading linear examples degrading quadratic predictions and training curricula modulating recovery speed.

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