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Training Strategies for Efficient Embodied Reasoning
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Training Strategies for Efficient Embodied Reasoning
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Robot chain-of-thought reasoning (CoT) -- wherein a model predicts helpful intermediate representations before choosing actions -- provides an effective method for improving the generalization and performance of robot policies, especially vision-language-action models (VLAs). While such approaches have been shown to improve performance and generalization, they suffer from core limitations, like needing specialized robot reasoning data and slow inference speeds. To design new robot reasoning approaches that address these issues, a more complete characterization of why reasoning helps policy performance is critical. We hypothesize several mechanisms by which robot reasoning improves policies -- (1) better representation learning, (2) improved learning curricularization, and (3) increased expressivity -- then devise simple variants of robot CoT reasoning to isolate and test each one. We find that learning to generate reasonings does lead to better VLA representations, while attending to the reasonings aids in actually leveraging these features for improved action prediction. Our results provide us with a better understanding of why CoT reasoning helps VLAs, which we use to introduce two simple and lightweight alternative recipes for robot reasoning. Our proposed approaches achieve significant performance gains over non-reasoning policies, state-of-the-art results on the LIBERO-90 benchmark, and a 3x inference speedup compared to standard robot reasoning.
Forward citations
Cited by 12 Pith papers
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VP-VLA: Visual Prompting as an Interface for Vision-Language-Action Models
VP-VLA decouples high-level reasoning from low-level control in VLA models by rendering spatial anchors as visual prompts directly in the RGB observation space, outperforming end-to-end baselines.
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APIVOT: Adaptive Planning with Interleaved Vision-Language Thoughts
A VLM planner that adaptively inserts latent visual thoughts of future states into its reasoning trace beats language-only and prior VLM planners on long-horizon kitchen tasks, especially under tight free space.
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Training Vision-Language-Action Models with Dense Embodied Chain-of-Thought Supervision
ZR-0 is a dual-stream VLA model trained with dense ECoT supervision on 60M frames from 400K trajectories to enable cross-embodiment transfer in simulation and real-world settings.
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Training Vision-Language-Action Models with Dense Embodied Chain-of-Thought Supervision
ZR-0 trains a dual-stream VLA model on 60 million frames with dense ECoT annotations so that high-level reasoning transfers across single-arm, bimanual, and humanoid embodiments while skipping reasoning at inference.
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DIRECT: When and Where Should You Allocate Test-Time Compute in Embodied Planners?
DIRECT is a multimodal-context router that allocates test-time compute across chain-of-thought depth, model size, and memory history for VLM embodied planners, improving the success-cost Pareto frontier and matching s...
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Revisiting Embodied Chain-of-Thought for Generalizable Robot Manipulation
ERVLA trains on a 978k-trajectory embodied CoT corpus using reasoning as supervision with dropout, then predicts actions without CoT at test time, reaching 86.9% on LIBERO-Plus and 53.2% on VLABench.
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Beyond Thinking: Imagining in 360$^\circ$ for Humanoid Visual Search
Imagining in 360° decouples visual search into a single-step probabilistic semantic layout predictor and an actor, removing the need for multi-turn CoT reasoning and trajectory annotations while improving efficiency i...
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PoseVLA: Universal Pose Pretraining for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Policies
Pose-VLA uses a decoupled two-stage pre-training with discrete pose tokens to extract universal 3D spatial priors from 3D datasets and robotic trajectories, achieving 79.5% success on RoboTwin 2.0 and 96.0% on LIBERO.
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DeepThinkVLA: Enhancing Reasoning Capability of Vision-Language-Action Models
DeepThinkVLA shows CoT improves VLA models only under decoding and causal alignment, delivering 97% success on LIBERO and 21.7-point gains via hybrid attention and SFT-RL training.
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SimpleVLA-RL: Scaling VLA Training via Reinforcement Learning
SimpleVLA-RL applies tailored reinforcement learning to VLA models, reaching SoTA on LIBERO, outperforming π₀ on RoboTwin, and surpassing SFT in real-world tasks while reducing data needs and identifying a 'pushcut' p...
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Environmental Understanding Vision-Language Model for Embodied Agent
EUEA fine-tunes VLMs on object perception, task planning, action understanding and goal recognition, with recovery and GRPO, to raise ALFRED success rates by 11.89% over behavior cloning.
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Large VLM-based Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation: A Survey
This survey organizes large VLM-based VLA models for robotic manipulation into monolithic and hierarchical paradigms, reviews their integrations and datasets, and outlines future directions.
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