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ConServe: Fine-Grained GPU Harvesting for LLM Online and Offline Co-Serving

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arxiv 2410.01228 v2 pith:X2M5KM7H submitted 2024-10-02 cs.DC cs.LG

ConServe: Fine-Grained GPU Harvesting for LLM Online and Offline Co-Serving

classification cs.DC cs.LG
keywords onlinelatencyofflineconservehighservingthroughputaverage
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Large language model (LLM) serving demands low latency and high throughput, but high load variability makes it challenging to achieve high GPU utilization. In this paper, we identify a synergetic but overlooked opportunity to co-serve latency-critical online requests alongside latency-tolerant offline tasks such as model benchmarking. While promising, existing serving systems fail to co-serve them efficiently, as their coarse-grained resource management at the request or iteration level cannot harvest millisecond-level GPU idle cycles without introducing interference that violates online latency objectives. ConServe is a new LLM co-serving system that achieves high throughput and strong online latency guarantees by managing resources at finer granularities. ConServe introduces three techniques: (1) a latency-aware token-level scheduler that precisely sizes offline batches and tokens to fit within online latency objectives; (2) sub-iteration, layer-wise preemption that allows offline tasks to yield to online load spikes; and (3) incremental KV cache management that enables preempting and resuming offline requests at near-zero cost. Evaluations with Llama-3.1 and Qwen-2.5 models on real-world workloads show that ConServe delivers an average of 2.2$\times$ higher throughput and reduces online serving tail latency by 2.9$\times$ on average compared to state-of-the-art systems.

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. RW-TTT: Batched Serving for Request-Owned Test-Time Training State

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    RW-TTT enables batched serving for request-owned TTT state via owner/version tagging and selective batching of compatible phases, reaching 274.61 tok/s and 9.31x speedup on one GPU with eight InPlace-TTT streams while...

  2. Beyond Greedy Chunking: SLO-Aware Sliding-Window Scheduling for LLM Inference

    cs.DC 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SlidingServe achieves up to 30% higher service capacity and 16-53% fewer SLO violations in LLM inference by using dynamic chunking and priority-based batch construction.

  3. ROSE: Rollout On Serving GPUs via Cooperative Elasticity for Agentic RL

    cs.DC 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ROSE delivers 1.2-3.3x higher end-to-end throughput for agentic RL by safely co-using underutilized serving GPUs for rollouts while meeting serving SLOs.

  4. ROSE: Rollout On Serving GPUs via Cooperative Elasticity for Agentic RL

    cs.DC 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ROSE is a system for cooperative elasticity that co-locates serving and rollout models on shared GPUs, delivering 1.3-3.3x higher end-to-end throughput than fixed-resource baselines while preserving serving SLOs.

  5. Valve: Production Online-Offline Inference Colocation with Jointly-Bounded Preemption Latency and Rate

    cs.OS 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Valve jointly bounds preemption latency and rate for online-offline LLM colocation on GPUs, delivering 34.6% higher cluster utilization and a 2,170-GPU saving in a production deployment of 8,054 GPUs with under 5% TTF...

  6. Blink: CPU-Free LLM Inference by Delegating the Serving Stack to GPU and SmartNIC

    cs.DC 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Blink enables CPU-free LLM inference via SmartNIC offload and persistent GPU kernel, delivering up to 8.47x lower P99 TTFT, 3.4x lower P99 TPOT, 2.1x higher decode throughput, and 48.6% lower energy per token while re...

  7. Foundry: Template-Based CUDA Graph Context Materialization for Fast LLM Serving Cold Start

    cs.DC 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Foundry uses template-based CUDA graph context materialization to reduce LLM serving cold-start latency by up to 99% while preserving CUDA graph throughput gains.

  8. The Energy Cost of Execution-Idle in GPU Clusters

    cs.DC 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Execution-idle accounts for 19.7% of GPU execution time and 10.7% of energy in a large cluster, motivating power management that treats it as a distinct operating state.

  9. Parallelizing Tool Execution and LLM Generation for Low-Latency Agent Serving

    cs.DC 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0

    Pattern-aware speculative tool execution cuts agent end-to-end latency by roughly half and observed tool latency by about 1.8× by overlapping predicted tools with LLM generation.