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Pandora: Towards General World Model with Natural Language Actions and Video States

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arxiv 2406.09455 v1 pith:XKPPNAT6 submitted 2024-06-12 cs.CV cs.AIcs.CL

Pandora: Towards General World Model with Natural Language Actions and Video States

classification cs.CV cs.AIcs.CL
keywords worldmodelspandorageneralmodelvideoactionslanguage
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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World models simulate future states of the world in response to different actions. They facilitate interactive content creation and provides a foundation for grounded, long-horizon reasoning. Current foundation models do not fully meet the capabilities of general world models: large language models (LLMs) are constrained by their reliance on language modality and their limited understanding of the physical world, while video models lack interactive action control over the world simulations. This paper makes a step towards building a general world model by introducing Pandora, a hybrid autoregressive-diffusion model that simulates world states by generating videos and allows real-time control with free-text actions. Pandora achieves domain generality, video consistency, and controllability through large-scale pretraining and instruction tuning. Crucially, Pandora bypasses the cost of training-from-scratch by integrating a pretrained LLM (7B) and a pretrained video model, requiring only additional lightweight finetuning. We illustrate extensive outputs by Pandora across diverse domains (indoor/outdoor, natural/urban, human/robot, 2D/3D, etc.). The results indicate great potential of building stronger general world models with larger-scale training.

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Forward citations

Cited by 23 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. MemoBench: Benchmarking World Modeling in Dynamically Changing Environments

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    MemoBench curates 360 ground-truth clips and an evaluation suite to diagnose memory consistency failures in video models when objects change state while out of view.

  2. MemoBench: Benchmarking World Modeling in Dynamically Changing Environments

    cs.CV 2026-06 conditional novelty 7.0

    None of ten tested video-generation models reliably remembers objects after occlusion in dynamic scenes; static-camera videos inflate consistency scores.

  3. MemoBench: Benchmarking World Modeling in Dynamically Changing Environments

    cs.CV 2026-06 conditional novelty 7.0

    Current video world models do not reliably recover an object's updated state after it disappears and reappears under simultaneous camera and scene dynamics.

  4. MemoBench: Benchmarking World Modeling in Dynamically Changing Environments

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    MemoBench is a new diagnostic benchmark with automated and VQA metrics that evaluates memory consistency in video models under disappear-and-reappear in dynamic environments.

  5. MemoBench: Benchmarking World Modeling in Dynamically Changing Environments

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    MemoBench is a new diagnostic benchmark with 360 synthetic and real clips plus VQA evaluation that tests memory consistency in video models under the disappear-and-reappear paradigm in dynamically changing environments.

  6. DreamGen: Unlocking Generalization in Robot Learning through Video World Models

    cs.RO 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    DreamGen trains robot policies on synthetic trajectories from adapted video world models, enabling a humanoid robot to perform 22 new behaviors in seen and unseen environments from a single pick-and-place teleoperatio...

  7. PhiZero: A World Model Built Around Physical Language

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A self-supervised discrete physical-language bottleneck plus a VLM reasoner lets a world model predict state transitions before rendering video, improving physical coherence and enabling zero-shot motion transfer.

  8. GS-Agent: Creating 4D Physical Worlds With Generative Simulation

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Three LLM agents write physics-engine code from text, review rendered frames, and correct errors, turning prompts into physically simulated 4D worlds with camera control.

  9. RynnWorld-4D: 4D Embodied World Models for Robotic Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A tri-branch diffusion model co-generates RGB, depth, and optical flow from a single RGB-D image, and an inverse dynamics head on its internal latents achieves state-of-the-art bimanual manipulation success rates.

  10. MemoBench: Benchmarking World Modeling in Dynamically Changing Environments

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MemoBench curates 360 clips and an evaluation suite to test video models on recovering updated object states after disappear-and-reappear in changing environments.

  11. Prisma-World: Camera-Controllable Multi-Agent Video World Model

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Prisma-World is a diffusion-based multi-agent video model that uses joint full-attention, multi-agent RoPE, and relative camera geometry injection plus curriculum training to produce consistent cross-view videos from ...

  12. Ego-InBetween: Generating Object State Transitions in Ego-Centric Videos

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    EgoIn uses a fine-tuned vision-language model to infer transition steps and a conditioning module plus auxiliary supervision to generate coherent egocentric video sequences of object state changes.

  13. Toward Hardware-Agnostic Quadrupedal World Models via Morphology Conditioning

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Morphology-conditioned quadrupedal world model enables zero-shot generalization to new robot embodiments for locomotion tasks.

  14. LMGenDrive: Bridging Multimodal Understanding and Generative World Modeling for End-to-End Driving

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LMGenDrive unifies LLM-based multimodal understanding with generative world models to output both future driving videos and control signals for end-to-end closed-loop autonomous driving.

  15. Flow Equivariant World Models: Memory for Partially Observed Dynamic Environments

    cs.LG 2026-01 conditional novelty 6.0

    Flow equivariant world models use a latent memory that shifts with the agent and with inferred object motion, giving stable long-horizon prediction under partial observability.

  16. CoT-VLA: Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.CV 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    CoT-VLA is a 7B VLA that generates future visual frames autoregressively as planning goals before actions, outperforming prior VLAs by 17% on real-world tasks and 6% in simulation.

  17. GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robots

    cs.RO 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    GR00T N1 is a new open VLA foundation model for humanoid robots that outperforms imitation learning baselines in simulation and shows strong performance on real-world bimanual manipulation tasks.

  18. Towards World Simulator: Crafting Physical Commonsense-Based Benchmark for Video Generation

    cs.CV 2024-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    PhyGenBench supplies 160 prompts across 27 physical laws and an automated LLM/VLM evaluation pipeline to measure physical commonsense compliance in current text-to-video models.

  19. From Pixels to States: Rethinking Interactive World Models as Game Engines

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Interactive world models are reorganized around the game-engine action-state-observation loop, and a 90-hour Black Myth: Wukong dataset with frame-aligned actions, ground-truth states, and observations is introduced.

  20. Agentic Environment Engineering for Large Language Models: A Survey of Environment Modeling, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Application

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    This survey categorizes agentic environments for LLMs by eight attributes and domains, introduces symbolic and neural synthesis paradigms with evaluation, and outlines four agent evolution pathways plus three environm...

  21. GigaWorld-Policy-0.5: A Faster and Stronger WAM Empowered by AutoResearch

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0

    GigaWorld-Policy-0.5 uses a Mixture-of-Transformers action-expert split and mixed world-model pretraining to reach 85 ms action-only inference with claimed success-rate gains.

  22. From World Action Models to Embodied Brains: A Roadmap for Open-World Physical Intelligence

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0

    Physical intelligence needs an embodied brain that reasons over interventions and emits capability requests, grounded by a physical harness and shared experience contracts rather than direct actuator policies.

  23. World Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Architectures, Methodologies, Reasoning Paradigms, and Applications

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    The paper delivers a multi-axis taxonomy for world models that maps architectures, training families, reasoning strategies, and domains from early cognitive foundations through systems such as Dreamer, MuZero, and Sor...