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Calibrating Large Language Models Using Their Generations Only

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arxiv 2403.05973 v1 pith:ZQOEAN22 submitted 2024-03-09 cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG

Calibrating Large Language Models Using Their Generations Only

classification cs.CL cs.AIcs.LG
keywords confidencelanguagellmsmodelmodelsapproachlargeonly
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in user-facing applications, building trust and maintaining safety by accurately quantifying a model's confidence in its prediction becomes even more important. However, finding effective ways to calibrate LLMs - especially when the only interface to the models is their generated text - remains a challenge. We propose APRICOT (auxiliary prediction of confidence targets): A method to set confidence targets and train an additional model that predicts an LLM's confidence based on its textual input and output alone. This approach has several advantages: It is conceptually simple, does not require access to the target model beyond its output, does not interfere with the language generation, and has a multitude of potential usages, for instance by verbalizing the predicted confidence or adjusting the given answer based on the confidence. We show how our approach performs competitively in terms of calibration error for white-box and black-box LLMs on closed-book question-answering to detect incorrect LLM answers.

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Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Diversity in Large Language Models under Supervised Fine-Tuning

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    TOFU loss mitigates the narrowing of generative diversity in LLMs after supervised fine-tuning by addressing neglect of low-frequency patterns and forgetting of prior knowledge.

  2. Diversity in Large Language Models under Supervised Fine-Tuning

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Supervised fine-tuning narrows LLM generative diversity through neglect of low-frequency patterns and knowledge forgetting, but the TOFU loss mitigates this effect across models and benchmarks.

  3. Calibrating Model-Based Evaluation Metrics for Summarization

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A reference-free proxy scoring framework combined with GIRB calibration produces better-aligned evaluation metrics for summarization and outperforms baselines across seven datasets.

  4. CDE: Curiosity-Driven Exploration for Efficient Reinforcement Learning in Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0

    Adding actor perplexity and multi-head critic variance as intrinsic exploration bonuses improves RLVR math reasoning accuracy by roughly +2 to +3 points on AIME benchmarks.