Neutrino Masses and Mixing: Evidence and Implications

M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia; Y. Nir

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Neutrino Masses and Mixing: Evidence and Implications

M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia, Y. Nir

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 7 Feb 2002

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Measurements of various features of the fluxes of atmospheric and solar neutrinos have provided evidence for neutrino oscillations and therefore for neutrino masses and mixing.

how it is stated · asserted 0.97 read the record →

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.02 · states limitation 0.08 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.08 · compares with prior results 0.32 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Measurements of various features of the fluxes of atmospheric and solar neutrinos have provided evidence for neutrino oscillations and therefore for neutrino masses and mixing. We review the phenomenology of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and in matter. We present the existing evidence from solar and atmospheric neutrinos as well as the results from laboratory searches, including the final status of the LSND experiment. We describe the theoretical inputs that are used to interpret the experimental results in terms of neutrino oscillations. We derive the allowed ranges for the mass and mixing parameters in three frameworks: First, each set of observations is analyzed separately in a two-neutrino framework; Second, the data from solar and atmospheric neutrinos are analyzed in a three active neutrino framework; Third, the LSND results are added, and the status of accommodating all three signals in the framework of three active and one sterile light neutrinos is presented. We review the theoretical implications of these results: the existence of new physics, the estimate of the scale of this new physics and the lessons for grand unified theories, for supersymmetric models with R-parity violation, for models of extra dimensions and singlet fermions in the bulk, and for flavor models.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Measurements of various features of the fluxes of atmospheric and solar neutrinos have provided evidence for neutrino oscillations and therefore for neutrino masses and mixing.	background 0.99	0.06	0.56	asserted 0.97
s1	We review the phenomenology of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and in matter.	contribution 0.93	0.38	0.04	unclear 0.67
s2	We present the existing evidence from solar and atmospheric neutrinos as well as the results from laboratory searches, including the final status of the LSND experiment.	contribution 0.98	0.23	0.05	asserted 0.79
s3	We describe the theoretical inputs that are used to interpret the experimental results in terms of neutrino oscillations.	method 0.70	0.55	0.03	asserted 0.75
s4	We derive the allowed ranges for the mass and mixing parameters in three frameworks: First, each set of observations is analyzed separately in a two-neutrino framework; Second, the data from solar and atmospheric neutrinos are analyzed in a three active neutrino framework; Third, the LSND results are added, and the status of accommodating all three signals in the framework of three active and one sterile light neutrinos is presented.	contribution 0.48	0.86	0.23	asserted 0.91
s5	We review the theoretical implications of these results: the existence of new physics, the estimate of the scale of this new physics and the lessons for grand unified theories, for supersymmetric models with R-parity violation, for models of extra dimensions and singlet fermions in the bulk, and for flavor models.	interpretation 0.98	0.45	0.24	asserted 0.59

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: review 1.00 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.95.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v3

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full text
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references and citing sentences
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P abstract

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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

Measurements of various features of the fluxes of atmospheric and solar neutrinos have provided evidence for neutrino oscillations and therefore for neutrino masses and mixing. We review the phenomenology of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and in matter. We present the existing evidence from solar and atmospheric neutrinos as well as the results from laboratory searches, including the final status of the LSND experiment. We describe the theoretical inputs that are used to interpret the experimental results in terms of neutrino oscillations. We derive the allowed ranges for the mass and mixing parameters in three frameworks: First, each set of observations is analyzed separately in a two-neutrino framework; Second, the data from solar and atmospheric neutrinos are analyzed in a three active neutrino framework; Third, the LSND results are added, and the status of accommodating all three signals in the framework of three active and one sterile light neutrinos is presented. We review the theoretical implications of these results: the existence of new physics, the estimate of the scale of this new physics and the lessons for grand unified theories, for supersymmetric models with R-parity violation, for models of extra dimensions and singlet fermions in the bulk, and for flavor models.

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References

Forward citations

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How later papers used it

62 later papers cite it

Evidence: some. 61 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 4 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 19 of the 83 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

1 later paper by other authors is listed below: 1 used its method or tool.

Uses its method or tool 1 paper

Followed this paper's derivation closely to switch to the basis of instantaneous mass eigenstates in matter.

Leptonic CP Violation and its Origin (2020) · 0.90 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

55 arXiv papers cite this in 72 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers whose main result relates to this one's

Found among the papers closest to this one by title and main claim. Pith's classifier compared each pair's main results and a second model family confirmed the relation; checked against two further families, shown conflicts agreed 118 times in 120 and shown same results 218 times in 239. The quoted sentence is the other paper's main claim.

States the same result 2 papers

Data on solar and atmospheric neutrinos provide evidence for neutrino masses and mixings.

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Solar, atmospheric and relic neutrinos give the indications of existence of nonzero neutrino masses and mixing.

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Papers citing it · 43 sentences without a confident label

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To solve this equation,[The derivation here closely follows Refs. [ref] .] we first switch to the basis of instantaneous mass eigenstates in matter, i.e., the eigenstates of the full Hamiltonian [ref] for a fixed $x$, [equation] where the relationship between instantaneous mass eigenstates $[ ν_1^m … ν_n^m ]^T$ and flavour eigenstates $[ ν_α … ]^T$ can be written as [equation] with $Ũ(x)$ an effective mixing matrix in matter.

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The GALLEX [ref] and SAGE [ref] solar neutrino detectors (see Refs. [ref] ) have been tested in so-called "Gallium radioactive source experiments" which consist in the detection of electron neutrinos produced by intense artificial $^51Cr$ and $^37Ar$ radioactive sources placed inside the detectors.

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The most general gauge invariant renormalisable Lagrangian one can add to the SM is then [ref] [equation] where $Y^ν$ and $M_N = M_N^T$ are complex $m ×3$ and $m ×m$ matrices, respectively.

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Neutrinos, as the most elusive particles in the standard model, can oscillate between flavor states during propagation due to their non-zero masses [ref] .

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