Hadron Resonance Mass Spectrum and Lattice QCD Thermodynamics

A. Tawfik; F. Karsch; K. Redlich

RECORD

Hadron Resonance Mass Spectrum and Lattice QCD Thermodynamics

F. Karsch, K. Redlich, A. Tawfik

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 13 Mar 2003

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We show that the value of T_c for different quark masses agrees with lines of constant energy density in a hadron resonance gas.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗

Cite ▾

Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 5,529 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.59 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.09 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.09 · compares with prior results 0.90 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We confront lattice QCD results on the transition from the hadronic phase to the quark--gluon plasma with hadron resonance gas and percolation models. We argue that for T < T_c the equation of state derived from Monte--Carlo simulations of (2+1) quark--flavor QCD can be well described by a hadron resonance gas. We examine the quark mass dependence of the hadron spectrum on the lattice and discuss its description in terms of the MIT bag model. This is used to formulate a resonance gas model for arbitrary quark masses which can be compared to lattice calculations. We finally apply this model to analyze the quark mass dependence of the critical temperature obtained in lattice calculations. We show that the value of T_c for different quark masses agrees with lines of constant energy density in a hadron resonance gas. For large quark masses a corresponding contribution from a glueball resonance gas is required.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We confront lattice QCD results on the transition from the hadronic phase to the quark--gluon plasma with hadron resonance gas and percolation models.	contribution 0.80	0.78	0.07	asserted 0.81
s1	We argue that for T < T_c the equation of state derived from Monte--Carlo simulations of (2+1) quark--flavor QCD can be well described by a hadron resonance gas.	result 0.55	0.47	0.29	hedged possibility 0.66
s2	We examine the quark mass dependence of the hadron spectrum on the lattice and discuss its description in terms of the MIT bag model.	method 0.51	0.74	0.04	unclear 0.73
s3	This is used to formulate a resonance gas model for arbitrary quark masses which can be compared to lattice calculations.	method 0.81	0.83	0.06	asserted 0.94
s4	We finally apply this model to analyze the quark mass dependence of the critical temperature obtained in lattice calculations.	contribution 0.75	0.89	0.09	asserted 0.79
s5	We show that the value of T_c for different quark masses agrees with lines of constant energy density in a hadron resonance gas.	result 0.96	0.90	0.52	asserted 1.00
s6	For large quark masses a corresponding contribution from a glueball resonance gas is required.	result 0.64	0.74	0.12	asserted 0.90

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.87 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.48.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

We confront lattice QCD results on the transition from the hadronic phase to the quark--gluon plasma with hadron resonance gas and percolation models. We argue that for T < T_c the equation of state derived from Monte--Carlo simulations of (2+1) quark--flavor QCD can be well described by a hadron resonance gas. We examine the quark mass dependence of the hadron spectrum on the lattice and discuss its description in terms of the MIT bag model. This is used to formulate a resonance gas model for arbitrary quark masses which can be compared to lattice calculations. We finally apply this model to analyze the quark mass dependence of the critical temperature obtained in lattice calculations. We show that the value of T_c for different quark masses agrees with lines of constant energy density in a hadron resonance gas. For large quark masses a corresponding contribution from a glueball resonance gas is required.

Human review

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

References

Forward citations

Cited by 21 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Cold Quark Matter
hep-ph 2009-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A second-order perturbative equation of state for cold, dense QCD matter with two massless and one massive quark flavor, applied to strange quark matter stability and compact star masses.
Constraining the hadronic spectrum through QCD thermodynamics on the lattice
hep-lat 2017-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Lattice QCD partial pressures by strangeness sector show that established hadron lists under-predict the data, implying missing strange resonances or hadronic interactions beyond the free-gas model.
The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
hep-lat 2014-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Continuum-extrapolated lattice QCD with 2+1 flavors yields the equation of state of quark-gluon plasma from 130 to 400 MeV, with a trace anomaly peaking at 4.05(15) near 204 MeV and a crossover energy density 1.2 to 3...
QCD equation of state at nonzero magnetic fields in the Hadron Resonance Gas model
hep-ph 2013-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In a hadron resonance gas with an external magnetic field, the hadronic phase is paramagnetic and the deconfinement-temperature proxy falls as the field increases.
Fluctuations of conserved charges at finite temperature from lattice QCD
hep-lat 2011-12 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Continuum-extrapolated lattice QCD susceptibilities at physical quark masses match hadron resonance gas predictions below the crossover, rise steeply through it, and reach about 90% of the ideal gas limit by 400 MeV.

Show 16 more citing papers

The chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition
hep-lat 2011-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Continuum-extrapolated lattice QCD gives a chiral crossover temperature of 154 +/- 9 MeV at physical quark masses, defined by the peak of the chiral susceptibility under O(4) scaling.
The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks
hep-lat 2010-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The Wuppertal-Budapest collaboration computes the 2+1 flavor QCD equation of state on lattices down to about 0.05 fm spacing and finds the pressure, trace anomaly, energy and entropy densities unchanged across the thr...
QCD Equation of State and Hadron Resonance Gas
hep-ph 2009-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Most of the discrepancy between lattice QCD thermodynamics and the hadron resonance gas is explained by lattice cutoff and quark-mass shifts in the hadron spectrum, and the authors release a matched equation of state ...
Four-quark condensates and chiral symmetry restoration in a resonance gas model
hep-ph 2006-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The vanishing of a proposed four-quark condensate, computed in a resonance gas model, traces a chiral restoration line with nearly constant critical energy density, unlike the two-quark condensate.
Quark mass thresholds in QCD thermodynamics
hep-ph 2006-03 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Finite quark masses change the QCD pressure at next-to-leading order by at most about five percent for three or four flavours, so charm quark effects appear at surprisingly low temperatures as leading-order estimates ...
On electric fields in hot QCD: infrared regularization dependence
hep-ph 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

The disagreement between two definitions of electric susceptibility in hot QCD stems from infrared regularization and thermodynamic ensemble choices, as shown by exact fermion propagator calculations and a hadron reso...
Hyperons in thermal QCD: A lattice view
hep-lat 2018-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

In thermal lattice QCD the negative-parity hyperon ground states drop in mass with rising temperature while positive-parity states remain constant, and using this drop in a modified hadron resonance gas improves agree...
Interacting hadron resonance gas meets lattice QCD
nucl-th 2012-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Giving every hadron a hard-core radius of 0.3 fm removes the Hagedorn divergence of the hadron resonance gas and brings its energy density, pressure, entropy density and trace anomaly into agreement with lattice QCD u...
Is there still any Tc mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III
hep-lat 2010-05 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

The QCD crossover temperature discrepancy between the Wuppertal-Budapest and hotQCD collaborations is attributed to lattice discretization artifacts and heavier-than-physical quark masses in the hotQCD simulations, no...
Hadron production in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out
nucl-th 2005-11 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

Fitting a thermal model to hadron yield ratios from 2.7 to 200 GeV produces a chemical freeze-out curve in the temperature versus baryon chemical potential plane that meets the lattice QCD phase boundary near 40 AGeV ...
Light and Strange Baryons in Medium
hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

Parametric study of medium-induced shifts in the GBE quark model for baryon masses and their qualitative effect on ideal-gas yields.
Relativistic Fluid Dynamics In and Out of Equilibrium -- Ten Years of Progress in Theory and Numerical Simulations of Nuclear Collisions
nucl-th 2017-12 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

The gradient expansion of relativistic hydrodynamics diverges but is Borel-resummable, and the resulting non-equilibrium attractor explains why low-order viscous hydrodynamics describes heavy-ion collision data far be...
The QCD equation of state from the lattice
hep-lat 2012-07 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

Lattice QCD simulations now give a controlled, near-continuum equation of state for hot quark matter at physical quark masses, with residual systematic errors concentrated in the staggered-fermion rooting question and...
Particle Production in Heavy Ion Collisions
nucl-th 2003-04 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

Hadron multiplicities from SIS to RHIC collapse onto a one-parameter family of thermal freeze-out states, with the SPS and RHIC points sitting on the lattice QCD phase boundary.
New Developments in Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics
hep-ph 2009-02 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics can be formulated consistently from three starting points and solved numerically to describe heavy-ion collision data, though several transport coefficients and initial conditions re...
Finite-density lattice QCD and sign problem: current status and open problems
hep-lat 2021-08 conditional novelty 1.0 of 10

A critical survey of finite-density lattice QCD arguing that every current workaround for the sign problem is formally correct but degrades, often without warning, in the low-temperature high-density region.

How the literature uses it

43 arXiv papers cite this in 48 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers whose main result relates to this one's

Found among the papers closest to this one by title and main claim. Pith's classifier compared each pair's main results and a second model family confirmed the relation; checked against two further families, shown conflicts agreed 118 times in 120 and shown same results 218 times in 239. The quoted sentence is the other paper's main claim.

States the same result 1 paper

Furthermore, it is shown that the quark mass dependence of the transition temperature can be understood in terms of lines of constant energy density in a resonance gas.

Lattice QCD at non-zero chemical potential and the resonance gas model · 0.90

Papers citing it · 31 sentences without a confident label

Compares with it 4 papers

Furthermore, the peculiar shape of the non-diagonal correlator near $T_c$ (sharp dip and subsequent slow rise towards zero) can be interpreted when comparing it to the separate contributions of mesonic and baryonic states in a hadron resonance gas (HRG) calculation [ref] .

Are there hadronic bound states above the QCD transition temperature? · Results and conclusions · 0.86
A similar picture one can see in the dependence of $T_c$ on the $mass(PS) ≈2m_q$ in [ref] .

Theory of the deconfinement process in QCD · The deconfining temperature $T_c$ for different hadronic systems · 0.92
In particular we here study [equation] These ratios can also be calculated from the hadron resonance gas (HRG) [ref] , and we here use these results for a comparison with our data in the low temperature/confined regime.

Quark number susceptibilities at finite chemical potential from fugacity expansion · Quark number related observables from fugacity expansion · 0.92

Cites it as background 13 papers

This approach is commonly known as the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model [ref] .

Constraining the hadronic spectrum through QCD thermodynamics on the lattice · Introduction · 0.95
Such investigations were carried out in the past by various authors, see [ref] and references therein, where the reader may find more details and results.

Limits on hadron spectrum from bulk medium properties · Introduction · 1.00
The focus of this study is on the latter approach, which generally assumes that strongly interacting QCD matter attains thermal and chemical equilibrium at hadronization and models it as a hadron resonance gas (statistical thermal) [ref] .

Rapidity scan approach for net-baryon cumulants with a statistical thermal model · Introduction · 0.82

Discussion

Know something about this paper? Leave a comment, or highlight any passage above to comment on it.