Chiral Multiplets of Heavy-Light Mesons

Christopher T. Hill; Estia J. Eichten; William A. Bardeen

REVIEW

Chiral Multiplets of Heavy-Light Mesons

William A. Bardeen, Estia J. Eichten, Christopher T. Hill

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 5 May 2003 · 18 references

Pith's verdict: The D_s(2317) chiral-partner identification is the real content and it holds up; the 'universal gap' extrapolation to B_s and to the nonstrange D is where I'd slow down.

T0 · AI review

How this review was made: An AI referee (selfhosted/deepseek-v4.1-flash) read the paper on October 29, 2026 and answered a fixed list of questions about it. T0 is the starting level every paper gets. The levels describe how deeply Pith has checked the paper, never the authors.

T0 AI review An AI read the paper and answered a fixed list of questions.
T1 Audit Automatic checks that the references and files the paper relies on exist and match.
T2 Compute The paper's code or calculations re-run with the same results.
T3 Formal statement The claims written out in a formal math language a computer can read.
T4 Proof Those claims proved, and the proof checked by computer.

How Pith checks papers →

· 5 major objections · 7 minor · Ask about this paper · The compiled record · Read the full review →

Challenge this review Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗

Cite ▾

arXiv IDhep-ph/0305049 (version 2)

Pith IDJANSE4PK, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationChristopher T. Hill, Estia J. Eichten, William A. Bardeen. "Chiral Multiplets of Heavy-Light Mesons." arXiv:hep-ph/0305049 (2003). https://pith.science/paper/JANSE4PK

Cite this reviewBibTeX for Pith's review of this paper

Claim paper

Why Pith says this

Highlight any text to comment on it.

Editor's note

read the letter

The thing worth your time here is the identification, not the numerology. Bardeen, Eichten and Hill take the BABAR D_s(2317), argue it is the 0+ member of the parity-doubled multiplet that SU(3)_L x SU(3)_R forces to exist alongside the (0-,1-) ground state, and then show that the narrow width follows from kinematics plus suppressed SU(3)-breaking decays. That argument is clean, and the width computation in §IV is a genuine consistency check rather than a restatement of the input. The electromagnetic section is the part I did not expect to be as well developed as it is: the r_Qq cancellation between light and heavy magnetic moments is a real, checkable statement, and the D*+ / D*0 ratio in Eq. (61) matches experiment at the quoted precision. Credit where it is due — this is careful work, and the authors flag their own model dependencies (scalar masses, r_cs, eta-prime mixing) rather than hiding them in appendices. Table II's 2-pi widths are explicitly labelled as order-of-magnitude; take that at face value, since the text says the phase space varies by an order of magnitude over the scalar mass range. The soft spot is the word 'precise' in the abstract. The charm-strange gap is experimental input, not prediction — Table I lists D_s(0+) - D_s = 349 +/- 1.3 as fitted. What is genuinely predicted is the widths, the EM rates, and the B_s masses, and those last rest on transporting Delta M(mc) to the bottom with a hand-assigned +/- 35 MeV band. Eq. (25)'s nonstrange D(0+) masses carry no error bar at all. The stress-test note is right that this is the load-bearing assumption, and the later D_0*(2400) mass sits about 100 MeV above Eq. (25) — a check the authors could not have run in 2003, but one that lands squarely on the universality claim. Their own §III admission that they cannot predict the 1/m_Q corrections is exactly where the softness lives. None of this touches the D_s identification. It does mean the B_s and baryon numbers should be read as motivated estimates, not precision predictions. Worth a serious referee, and worth citing for the D_s interpretation and the width calculation.

Referee report

Significance

If the identification holds, this is a structurally important statement: it assigns the newly observed state to a definite chiral multiplet and, more generally, predicts a parity-doubled partner for every heavy-light meson and doubly-heavy baryon. The paper earns credit for several things. The Goldberger-Treiman relation of Eq. (20) is a genuine relation between two independently measurable quantities (the mass gap and the pionic coupling), not a tautology, and it is falsifiable through the broad nonstrange widths predicted in Eqs. (33)-(34). The kinematic-blocking argument for the narrowness of the D_s states is clean. The E1/M1 cancellation analysis of Section V, and in particular the comparison of Eq. (62) (theory 0.22 versus experiment 0.24), is a real consistency check. The explicit tables of masses and widths make the framework testable rather than merely descriptive.

Major objections (5)

[Abstract; Section III; Section VII] The abstract states that the D_s(2317) 'establishes the chiral mass difference for all such heavy-quark chiral multiplets, and precise predictions exist for the analogous B_s and strange doubly-heavy baryon states,' and Section VII repeats the 'precise predictions' language. This is stronger than Section III supports. There the B-system band is assigned by hand ('we take Delta M(mb) = Delta M(mc) +/- 35 MeV'), and the authors explicitly state 'We have no prediction for these corrections at present.' The nonstrange D predictions of Eq. (25) carry no uncertainty at all, even though the same transported quantity is given a +/-35 MeV band in the B system. The abstract and conclusions should be brought into line with the acknowledged limitation: either the 1/m_Q running of Delta M is derived, or the universality is stated as an assumption under test and Eq. (25) is given an uncertainty comparable to the B-system band.
[Table II versus Section III] The photon energies in Table II are not consistent with the masses quoted in Section III. The (cs) 1+ -> 0- + gamma entry of 442 keV implies M(D_s(1+)) - M(D_s(0-)) = 442 MeV, i.e. M(D_s(1+)) approximately 2411 MeV, whereas Eq. (24) gives 2460 MeV; the (cs) 1+ -> 1- + gamma entry of 323 keV implies 2435 MeV. The (bs) 1+ -> 1- + gamma entry of 335 keV likewise disagrees with the 5765 - 5417 = 348 MeV implied by Eq. (30). The Q column should be recomputed from the masses actually adopted, or the masses used in Table II should be stated explicitly in the caption.
[Section IV(A)(v)] The authors acknowledge that the 2-pi widths are 'extremely sensitive to scalar masses varying by over an order of magnitude when the lighter singlet mass is varied over the range 0.8 to 1.2 GeV.' The quoted total of 4.2 keV (Eq. 48) is nevertheless carried into Table II and into the summary of 'computed' widths. Since the scalar mass is not determined by the theory, this number should be presented as an illustrative value with the sensitivity range quoted alongside it, not as a prediction on the same footing as the pionic widths of Section IV(A)(i)-(iv).
[Section IV(A)(iii), Eqs. (37)-(40)] The D_s(0+) -> D_s(0-) + pi0 width of 21.5 keV rests entirely on the eta-pi0 mixing parameter delta_eta_pi0, which the paper states vanishes in the nonet-symmetry limit and for which only the octet eta contribution is retained. The factor of 1/2 in delta_eta_pi0 = (1/2) x (1/43.7) is not derived, and the suppression of the eta-prime contribution is argued rather than shown. The qualitative conclusion that the state is narrow is robust to a factor of a few in delta, but the specific number 21.5 keV is not; the paper should show how the width varies over a plausible range of delta_eta_pi0.
[Section III, Eq. (24)] The identification of the 2460 MeV state as the 1+ member rests on what the Introduction itself calls 'a hint of a second state in D_s pi0 gamma.' Eq. (24) is then described as being 'in good agreement' with that hint. Given that the entire 1+ column of Table II depends on this assignment, the language should be softened to reflect the tentative nature of the evidence, and the consequences for the table if the 2460 MeV state is not the 1+ should be noted.

Minor objections (7)

[Section II, Eq. (12)] The statement that the Delta term can be 'gauged away' by a reparameterization of the fields would benefit from an explicit display of the field redefinition, since the subsequent mass assignments in Eq. (17) depend on it.
[Section II, Eq. (17)] The relation between the two axial couplings G_A and g_A is not stated. G_A is said to be unity in the lowest-order model, while g_A is fit to 0.6 in Table II; a sentence clarifying whether these are the same parameter at different orders would help the reader.
[Table II caption] The 'Q' column is not defined in the caption. It appears to be the photon energy for radiative transitions, but its meaning for the pionic entries is unclear and should be stated.
[Section V, Eqs. (53)-(58)] The charge conventions entering r_Qq and the mean charge <e_avg> should be stated explicitly, since the sign of the light-heavy cancellation, and hence the entire suppression pattern of Table II, depends on them.
[Section VI] The doubly-heavy baryon discussion is explicitly schematic, but at least one worked correspondence, for example the [cc]s system with its (1/2-,3/2-) parity partners and the blocked kaonic channel, would make the claimed analogy concrete.
[References] Reference [12] (Eichten, Hill and Quigg) does not appear to be cited anywhere in the body text; this should be checked.
[Throughout] There are several typographical errors: 'pseudsoscalar' (p. 2), 'decribe' (p. 3), 'supersector' (p. 2), 'limit limit' (p. 4), 'componet' (p. 5), 'W e' in the Table I caption, and 'trans istion' in the Table II caption.

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

The paper

The paper claims

The narrow D_s(2317) resonance is the parity partner of the ground-state heavy-light meson, and its mass gap obeys a Goldberger-Treiman relation.

The reading

The paper argues that the narrow resonance BABAR saw in $D_s^+ pi^0$ at 2317 MeV is not an ordinary p-wave quark state but the $0^+$ member of a parity-doubled pair required by the chiral symmetry of QCD: for every heavy-light meson with a light quark tethered to a heavy quark, the ground-state $(0^-,1^-)$ multiplet must have a $(0^+,1^+)$ partner transforming as the other half of an $SU(3)_L times SU(3)_R$ multiplet. The mass splitting between the two is not a free parameter; it satisfies a Goldberger-Treiman relation $Delta M = g_pi f_pi$, the same structural identity that relates the nucleon mass to the pion-nucleon coupling, and the measured 349 MeV gap gives $g_pi = 3.73$, close to a third of the nucleon's coupling as a single-constituent-quark picture would suggest. The observed state is narrow because its principal decay, to $D$ plus a kaon, is kinematically forbidden; what is left is an isospin-violating decay through virtual $eta$-$pi^0$ mixing and a set of electromagnetic transitions that cancel between light- and heavy-quark magnetic moments. If the picture holds, the same 349 MeV gap fixes the masses and widths of the analogous $B_s$ states and of the strange doubly-heavy baryons, which the authors tabulate.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the parity-doubled heavy-light chiral Lagrangian: two heavy-spin multiplets $H sim (0^-,1^-)$ and $H' sim (0^+,1^+)$ written as $H_{L,R} = (H mp i H')/sqrt{2}$, coupled to the linear $Sigma$ field through a single constant $g_pi$. Diagonalising the $Sigma$ expectation value $langle tilde{sigma} rangle = f_pi I_3$ shifts $H'$ up by $+g_pi f_pi/2$ and $H$ down by $-g_pi f_pi/2$, so the observed mass gap directly measures $g_pi$ and the Goldberger-Treiman relation $Delta M = g_pi f_pi$ follows without a separate fit. A second piece of machinery carries the phenomenology: the electromagnetic amplitudes all share a common factor $r_{Qq} = 1 - m_q^* e_Q / (m_Q^* e_q)$, which for the $cs$ system with constituent masses $m_s^* = 480$ MeV and $m_c^* = 1530$ MeV gives $r_{cs} = 0.38$, a strong cancellation between the strange and charm magnetic moments. That cancellation, not a small coupling, is why the radiative transitions of the $D_s$ system are hard to see, and it is absent or reversed in the $B$ system, where the authors predict much larger electromagnetic rates.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that the $D_s(2317)$ establishes parity doubling as a real feature of heavy-light hadrons. The authors write a linear $Sigma$-model Lagrangian in which the $(0^-,1^-)$ and $(0^+,1^+)$ heavy-spin multiplets are combined into left- and right-handed fields $H_L$ and $H_R$ transforming as $(3,1)$ and $(1,3)$ under $SU(3)_L times SU(3)_R$, coupled to a chiral field $Sigma$ whose vacuum expectation value $f_pi$ lifts the parity partners apart. Spontaneous breaking then produces the relation $Delta M = g_pi f_pi$ between the multiplet mass gap and the left-right transition coupling. With $Delta M = 349$ MeV taken from the $D_s(2317)$ minus $D_s(1969)$ difference, the authors predict the $1^+$ partner at 2460 MeV, matching the second state hinted at in $D_s pi^0 gamma$, and give masses for the nonstrange $D(0^+,1^+)$ and for the $B(0^+,1^+)$ and $B_s(0^+,1^+)$ multiplets. They then compute the allowed decay channels from the same Lagrangian: the pionic transitions of nonstrange $D$ and $B$ states are broad, of order 490 MeV total, while the $D_s$ channels are suppressed by the $eta$-$pi^0$ mixing angle to roughly 21.5 keV, and the $2pi$ and radiative channels are smaller still. The narrow width is thus not an accident of the data but a consequence of the same symmetry that predicts the state.

Load-bearing premise

The predictions for the bottom and doubly-heavy systems assume that the 349 MeV chiral mass gap measured in the charm system carries over to the bottom system unchanged within a hand-assigned band of about 35 MeV, an assumption the paper states but does not derive.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

The $1^+$ partner of the $D_s(2317)$ should sit at about 2460 MeV, matching the second resonance hinted at in $D_s pi^0 gamma$.
Nonstrange $D(0^+,1^+)$ and $B(0^+,1^+)$ states should be broad, with total pionic widths near $490, G_A^2$ MeV, since their kaon and pion transitions are not kinematically blocked.
The $B_s(0^+)$ and $B_s(1^+)$ states are predicted at $5718 pm 35$ MeV and $5765 pm 35$ MeV, narrow for the same blocking reason as the $D_s$ case, with suppressed pionic and $2pi$ widths.
Strange doubly-heavy baryons $[cc]s$, $[bc]s$ and $[bb]s$ should show the same pattern, with the $(1/2^-,3/2^-)$ parity partners of the $(1/2^+,3/2^+)$ ground states split by the same chiral gap and decaying through the same blocked-kaon route.
The electromagnetic transitions of the $cs$ system should be suppressed relative to the $bs$ system by the light-heavy magnetic moment cancellation, so radiative decays of the $B_s$ parity partners are the cleaner place to look.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

If the gap really is a left-right transition coupling of a single tethered light quark, then the same $g_pi$ should govern higher $j_ell$ supermultiplets, so the $(1^+,2^+)$ versus $(1^-,2^-)$ splitting should equal the $s$-wave splitting rather than grow with angular momentum; measuring any of those pairs tests the universality claim independently of the $D_s$ state.
The paper's own $pm 35$ MeV band on the bottom-system gap is an estimate, not a derivation; a lattice computation of how $Delta M$ runs with heavy-quark mass would convert the $B_s$ mass predictions from a guess into a test.
The same cancellation factor $r_{Qq}$ that suppresses $D_s$ radiative decays should also shape the magnetic moments of the doubly-heavy baryons, which suggests a place where the constituent-quark bookkeeping can be checked against a system with no light-heavy ambiguity.
Because the argument ties the mass gap to $f_pi$, a world with a different pion decay constant would have a proportionally different parity splitting; that makes the relation a sharp discriminator between parity doubling and ordinary quark-model level ordering, which predicts no such link.

Original abstract

The recent discovery of a narrow resonance in D_s+pi^0 by the BABAR collaboration is consistent with the interpretation of a heavy J^P(0+,1+) spin multiplet. This system is the parity partner of the groundstate (0-,1-) multiplet, which we argue is required in the implementation of SU(3)_L x SU(3)_R chiral symmetry in heavy-light meson systems. The (0+,1+)->(0-,1-)+pi transition couplings satisfy a Goldberger-Treiman relation, g_pi = Delta(M)/f_pi, where Delta(M) is the mass gap. The BABAR resonance fits the 0+ state, with a kinematically blocked principal decay mode to D+K. The allowed D_s+pi, D_s+2pi and electromagnetic transitions are computed from the full chiral theory and found to be suppressed, consistent with the narrowness of the state. This state establishes the chiral mass difference for all such heavy-quark chiral multiplets, and precise predictions exist for the analogous B_s and strange doubly-heavy baryon states.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 5,090 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.15 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.30 · compares with prior results 0.60 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

The recent discovery of a narrow resonance in D_s+pi^0 by the BABAR collaboration is consistent with the interpretation of a heavy J^P(0+,1+) spin multiplet. This system is the parity partner of the groundstate (0-,1-) multiplet, which we argue is required in the implementation of SU(3)_L x SU(3)_R chiral symmetry in heavy-light meson systems. The (0+,1+)->(0-,1-)+pi transition couplings satisfy a Goldberger-Treiman relation, g_pi = Delta(M)/f_pi, where Delta(M) is the mass gap. The BABAR resonance fits the 0+ state, with a kinematically blocked principal decay mode to D+K. The allowed D_s+pi, D_s+2pi and electromagnetic transitions are computed from the full chiral theory and found to be suppressed, consistent with the narrowness of the state. This state establishes the chiral mass difference for all such heavy-quark chiral multiplets, and precise predictions exist for the analogous B_s and strange doubly-heavy baryon states.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	The recent discovery of a narrow resonance in D_s+pi^0 by the BABAR collaboration is consistent with the interpretation of a heavy J^P(0+,1+) spin multiplet.	interpretation 0.49	0.08	0.46	hedged possibility 1.00
s1	This system is the parity partner of the groundstate (0-,1-) multiplet, which we argue is required in the implementation of SU(3)_L x SU(3)_R chiral symmetry in heavy-light meson systems.	interpretation 0.84	0.52	0.26	asserted 0.69
s2	The (0+,1+)->(0-,1-)+pi transition couplings satisfy a Goldberger-Treiman relation, g_pi = Delta(M)/f_pi, where Delta(M) is the mass gap.	result 0.86	0.61	0.13	asserted 1.00
s3	The BABAR resonance fits the 0+ state, with a kinematically blocked principal decay mode to D+K.	interpretation 0.63	0.35	0.09	asserted 0.96
s4	The allowed D_s+pi, D_s+2pi and electromagnetic transitions are computed from the full chiral theory and found to be suppressed, consistent with the narrowness of the state.	result 0.94	0.92	0.14	asserted 0.99
s5	This state establishes the chiral mass difference for all such heavy-quark chiral multiplets, and precise predictions exist for the analogous B_s and strange doubly-heavy baryon states.	interpretation 0.82	0.70	0.44	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.95 · evidence from argument 0.55.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v2

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

References

Works cited (18)

[1]

B. Aubert et al. [BABAR Collaboration], “Observation of a narrow meson decaying to D+s π0 at a mass of 2 .32- GeV/c2,” [arXiv:hep-ex/0304021]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[2]

M. Gell-Mann and M. L´ evy, Nuovo Cim. 16, 705 (1960)

View on Pith 1960
[3]

M. L. Goldberger and S. B. Treiman, Phys. Rev. 110, 1178 (1958)

View on Pith 1958
[4]

W. A. Bardeen and C. T. Hill, Phys. Rev. D 49, 409 (1994)

View on Pith 1994
[5]

M. A. Nowak, M. Rho and I. Zahed, Phys. Rev. D 48, 4370 (1993)

View on Pith 1993
[6]

A. Deandrea, N. Di Bartolomeo, R. Gatto, G. Nardulli and A. D. Polosa, Phys. Rev. D 58, 034004 (1998), A. Hiorth and J. O. Eeg, Phys. Rev. D 66, 074001 (2002)

View on Pith 1998
[7]

E. Eichten and F. Feinberg, Phys. Rev. D 23, 2724 (1981); E. Eichten and B. Hill, Phys. Lett. B 234, 511 (1990); 243, 427 (1990)

View on Pith 1981
[8]

N. Isgur and M. B. Wise, Phys. Lett. B 232, 113 (1989); 237, 527 (1990), Nucl. Phys. B348, 276 (1991)

View on Pith 1989
[9]

H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B348, 293 (1991); Phys. Lett. B 240, 447 (1990)

View on Pith 1991
[10]

M. B. Wise, Phys. Rev. D 45, 2188 (1992); G. Burdman and J. F. Donoghue, Phys. Lett. B 280, 287 (1992)

View on Pith 1992
[11]

P. L. Cho and M. B. Wise, Phys. Rev. D 49, 6228 (1994)

View on Pith 1994
[12]

E. J. Eichten, C. T. Hill and C. Quigg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4116 (1993)

View on Pith 1993
[13]

E. Eichten, K. Gottfried, T. Kinoshita, K. D. Lane and T. M. Yan, Phys. Rev. D 21, 203 (1980)

View on Pith 1980
[14]

K. Anikeev et al. , “B physics at the Tevatron: Run II and beyond,” [arXiv:hep-ph/0201071]. C. H. Chang, Y. Q. Chen, G. P. Han and H. T. Jiang, “The B/c meson and the doubly-heavy baryons,” Pre- pared for International Symposium on Heavy Flavor and Electroweak Theory, Beijing, China, 16-19 Aug 1995

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1995
[15]

D. Ebert, T. Feldmann, C. Kettner and H. Reinhardt, Z. Phys. C 71, 329 (1996); We use the predicted mass values of: D. Ebert, R. N. Faustov, V. O. Galkin and A. P. Martynenko, Phys. Rev. D 66, 014008 (2002) Comparable results are obtained by: S. S. Gershtein, V. V. Kiselev, A. K. Likhoded and A. I. Onishchenko, Phys. Rev. D 62, 054021 (2000)

View on Pith 1996
[16]

M. Mattson et al. [SELEX Collaboration], Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 112001 (2002); [arXiv:hep-ex/0208014]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002
[17]

A. Manohar and H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B 234, 189 (1984); J. Bijnens, C. Bruno and E. de Rafael, Nucl. Phys. B 390, 501 (1993)

View on Pith 1984
[18]

M. Di Pierro and E. Eichten, Phys. Rev. D 64, 114004 (2001) [arXiv:hep-ph/0104208]. 10 TABLE I: The heavy-light spectrum compared to experiment. W e report the diﬀerence between the excited state masses and the ground state ( D or B) in each case. We have assumed that ∆ M (mc) = ∆ M (mb) = ∆ M (∞) = 349 MeV. charmed meson masses [MeV] bottom meson masses ...

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001

Forward citations

Cited by 33 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 452 citations worldwide. Full citation record

$D_1$ and $D_2$ resonances in coupled-channel scattering amplitudes from lattice QCD
hep-lat 2025-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

Lattice QCD at m_π≈391 MeV finds D1 bound state below D*π threshold strongly coupled in S-wave and D1' resonance in elastic D*π region for I=1/2 charmed channels.
Probing the two-pole structure of the $D_0^*(2300)$ with an $SU(3)$ flavor filter
hep-ph 2026-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Antitriplet-tagged production should expose the lower 2.1 GeV pole of D0*(2300) while sextet-tagged production exposes the higher 2.45 GeV pole, with complementary Dpi, Deta and DsKbar line shapes.
The new LHCb beauty-strange state as the bottom partner of the $D_{s0}^*(2317)$: a LQCD constrained coupled-channel chiral analysis
hep-ph 2026-09 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

LQCD-constrained unitarized chiral amplitudes put the new LHCb B_s0* within 1.1-1.7 sigma of the measured peak and, after a small one-parameter adjustment, describe the spectrum and yield a 1+ partner near 5750 MeV.
Properties of the positive and negative parity charm-strange and bottom-strange mesons $D_s$, $D_s^*$, $D_{s0}^*$, $D_{s1}$, $B_s$, $B_s^*$, $B_{s0}^*$, $B_{s1}$ from lattice QCD: masses, decay constants, and compositeness
hep-lat 2026-09 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Lattice QCD provides precise determinations of heavy-strange meson properties, supporting a molecular interpretation for the positive-parity states.
Exotic $B_s$ mesons in the continuum from a nonperturbatively-tuned heavy quark action
hep-lat 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Lattice QCD with a nonperturbatively tuned bottom-quark action predicts that the B_s0* and B_s1 mesons are bound by about 66 and 61 MeV below their BK and B*K thresholds in the continuum limit.

Show 28 more citing papers

Properties of the $D_{s0}^*(2317)^\pm$ in hot and dense nuclear matter
hep-ph 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A coupled-channel molecular model predicts that in nuclear matter the D_s0*(2317)+ shifts downward and broadens with density, while temperature narrows it and broadens its antiparticle, yielding a possible structural test.
Possible $\bar{D}^{(*)} \Xi_{cc}^{(*)}$ and $\Xi_{cc}^{(*)}\Xi_{cc}^{(*)}$ molecules as superflavor partners of $T_{cc}$
hep-ph 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Using one-boson-exchange potentials and superflavor symmetry, the authors predict many hadronic molecules of charmed mesons and doubly charmed baryons as partners of the Tcc tetraquark.
The $B^{+(0)} \to \bar D^{0(-)} D^{*}_{s0}(2317)^+$ decays and the molecular structure of $D^*_{s0}(2317)$
hep-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Using B→D D K data and a two-parameter model, the authors derive B→D D*_s0(2317) branching fractions that agree with experiment within errors, supporting a sizable DK molecular component of D*_s0(2317).
Constraining the $DDD^*$ three-body bound state via the $Z_c(3900)$ pole
hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A model-dependent study showing that the existence of a DDD* bound state is tied to the virtual-state pole position of Zc(3900), with binding occurring only for near-threshold Zc poles.
Towards a new paradigm for heavy-light meson spectroscopy
hep-ph 2017-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The LHCb B- -> D+ pi- pi- angular moments are consistent with S-wave amplitudes fixed from lattice QCD, supporting a molecular interpretation of the lightest positive-parity charm mesons.
Masses and decay constants of the $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ from $N_f=2$ lattice QCD close to the physical point
hep-lat 2017-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A six-ensemble lattice QCD study at a = 0.07 fm extracts the DK and D*K scattering lengths, the infinite-volume masses of the D*_s0(2317) and D_s1(2460), and their weak decay constants, f_V = 114(2)(0)(+5)(10) MeV and...
Predicting positive parity $B_{s}$ mesons from lattice QCD
hep-lat 2015-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Coupled-channel lattice QCD places the Bs0 and Bs1 as bound states below the B(*)K threshold at 5.711(13)(19) and 5.750(17)(19) GeV.
Strong and radiative decays of the Ds0*(2317) meson in the DK-molecule picture
hep-ph 2007-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In the DK-molecule picture of Ds0*(2317), direct isospin-violating pion emission from constituent mesons dominates the eta-pi0 mixing contribution to the Ds0* to Ds pi0 decay.
Chiral partners of strange doubly heavy baryons: Mass relations and decay predictions after the 2026 LHCb discoveries
hep-ph 2026-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Using new LHCb measurements, chiral partner masses and widths of ccs and bbs baryons are predicted, with primary results as mass splittings independent of absolute scale.
Chiral Doubling of Heavy-Light Hadrons and the New Beauty--Strange $B_{s0}^*(5700)^0$ Candidate
hep-ph 2026-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

If the new B_s0*(5700) has J^P=0+, its mass matches the chiral-doubling prediction for the parity partner of B_s, implying a narrow 1+ state at 5747 MeV.
Possibility of the antibottom-strange molecular pentaquarks near $ B\Sigma$ and $ B^*\Sigma$ thresholds
hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Coupled-channel OBE dynamics with S–D mixing produce three near-threshold poles dominated by BΣ/B*Σ that should show as narrow enhancements in open Bs0N, BΛ and B*Λ channels.
Compact $cs\bar{s}\bar{s}$ Tetraquarks in the Charm--Strange Sector: Mass Spectra, Rearrangement Decays and Regge Trajectories with $D_s$ Threshold Inputs
hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

The authors compute mass spectra, rearrangement decays, and Regge trajectories for cs s-bar s-bar tetraquarks modeled as axial [cs][s-bar s-bar] systems in a Cornell potential framework with Ds threshold inputs.
Determination of $B$-meson distribution amplitudes from $B\to \pi,K,D$ transition form factors
hep-ph 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

Global fit of B to pi, K, D form factors from lattice QCD and LCSR yields lambda_B = 217(19) MeV with model variations and |V_ub| = 3.68(13) x 10^{-3}.
What can we learn from the radiative decays of the $D_{s1}(2460)$ meson?
hep-ph 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

Measuring the ratio of radiative decay branching fractions from Ds1(2460) can probe the nature of Ds0*(2317) and Ds1(2460) mesons.
Double-strangeness hidden-charm pentaquarks
hep-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A coupled-channel calculation predicts five narrow negative-parity and three broad positive-parity double-strangeness hidden-charm pentaquark states.
$B\to Kl^+l^-$ decay form factors from three-flavor lattice QCD
hep-lat 2015-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Lattice QCD with 2+1 flavors yields f+, f0, and fT for B to K l+ l- across the full q2 range, with total errors of about 3% at high q2 and 10-30% at q2 = 0.
$B \to \pi \ell \nu$ and $B_s \to K \ell \nu$ form factors and $|V_{ub}|$ from 2+1-flavor lattice QCD with domain-wall light quarks and relativistic heavy quarks
hep-lat 2015-01 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

A domain-wall plus relativistic-heavy-quark lattice calculation determines the B to pion and Bs to K form factors and, combined with BaBar and Belle data, yields |Vub| = 3.61(32) x 10^-3.
Light meson mass dependence of the positive parity heavy-strange mesons
hep-ph 2010-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A kaon-plus-D-meson molecular model reproduces the D_s0^*(2317) and D_s1(2460) masses and predicts bottom partners near 5.7 GeV, with a kaon-mass-slope test proposed to distinguish molecules from quark states.
Theoretical and Phenomenological Constraints on Form Factors for Radiative and Semi-Leptonic B-Meson Decays
hep-ph 2010-04 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Two-term series expansions, constrained by newly computed NLO tensor-current dispersive bounds, describe B to K, rho, K* and phi form factors across the whole decay region and reproduce lattice points not used in the fits.
Are Y(4260) and {\rm Z$_2^{+}$(4250)} ${\rm D_1D}$ or ${\rm D_0D^{*}}$ Hadronic Molecules?
hep-ph 2008-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Within a meson-exchange model with a tuned cutoff of 1-2 GeV, Y(4260) can be a D1D or D0D* molecule, while Z2+(4250) would require an implausibly large cutoff above 3 GeV.
Decays of $D_{sj}^*(2317)$ and $D_{sj}(2460)$ Mesons in the Quark Model
hep-ph 2006-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A quark-model calculation with Godfrey-Isgur wave functions reproduces the radiative widths of charm-strange mesons but predicts pionic widths for D_sj*(2317) and D_sj(2460) about ten times smaller than experiment implies.
New Results on B->pi, K, eta Decay Formfactors from Light-Cone Sum Rules
hep-ph 2004-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

An improved light-cone sum rule calculation gives the B to pi, K, eta form factors at zero momentum transfer with 10 to 13 percent theoretical uncertainty, plus a parametrization valid over the full q-squared range.
A Phenomenological Study of Semileptonic $B^+$ and $B_s^0$ Decays into Axial-Vector Mesons $\big(D_1(2420),\, D_1^\prime(2430),\, D_{s1}(2460),\, \text{and } D_{s1}^\prime(2536)\big)$ within the Standard Model
hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

Semileptonic B to axial-vector meson decays are studied as functions of the mixing angle θ_D1 using covariant light-front quark model form factors, producing predictions for branching ratios, forward-backward asymmetr...
Herwig++ Physics and Manual
hep-ph 2008-03 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

Herwig++ version 2.3 is documented as a complete simulation chain for lepton and hadron collisions, built on an angular-ordered parton shower with mass-dependent splitting functions, an eikonal multi-scatter underlyin...
Radiative decays of hadronic molecules: From confusion to inspiration
hep-ph 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

Radiative decays of hadronic molecules require careful treatment of scale hierarchies to resolve interpretive confusions, as demonstrated by reviewing decay types and instructive examples.
Two-pole structures in QCD: Facts, not fantasy!
hep-ph 2020-05 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

The Lambda(1405) and the D*0(2300) are each two resonances rather than one, according to unitarized chiral perturbation theory checked against lattice QCD and LHCb data.
Multiquark States
hep-ph 2017-11 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

Exotic multiquark hadrons have now been observed, almost all involving heavy quarks, and the evidence favors loosely bound hadronic molecules over tightly bound tetraquarks and pentaquarks.
A review of the open charm and open bottom systems
hep-ph 2016-09 accept novelty 1.0 of 10

The paper reviews the observed open-charm and open-bottom hadrons and the quark-model, effective-theory, and QCD-sum-rule interpretations of their masses and decays.

How later papers used it

84 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 82 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 24 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 20 of the 123 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

9 later papers by other authors are listed below: 9 used its data or values.

Uses its data or values 9 of 16 papers with this label

Used this paper's value M_B*(0+)=5.63 for the sub-threshold pole in f_0.

Exclusive semileptonic $B_s\to K \ell \nu$ decays on the lattice (2023) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used this paper's g_pi=3.73 to set g_sigma=g_pi/(2 sqrt(6)) in its coupling constants.

Nonresonant explanation for the Y(4260) structure observed in the $e^+e^-\to J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$ process (2010) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
In the flavor $SU(3)$ symmetry and heavy quark limit, the above coupling constants are given by$g__D^*D^*σ=2g_σM_D^*,$ $g__D^*D^*P=2g/f_π,$ $g__D̅^*D̅^*V=βg_V/√(2), g'__D̅^*D̅^*V=2√(2)λg_V M_D^*$ with $g_σ=-0.76$ [ref] , $f_π=132$ MeV [ref] , $β=0.9$, $g_V=5.9$ [ref] and $λ=0.56$ GeV$^-1$ [ref] .

Study on the possible molecular states composed of $\Lambda_c\bar D^*$, $\Sigma_c\bar D^*$, $\Xi_c\bar D^*$ and $\Xi_c'\bar D^*$ in the Bethe-Salpeter frame based on the pentaquark states $P_c(4440)$, $P_c(4457)$ and $P_{cs}(4459)$ (2023) · The effective interactions · 1.00
Took Delta_parallel^{B_s K}=263 MeV from this paper's model estimate for its fit of f_parallel^{B_s K}.

$B \to \pi \ell \nu$ and $B_s \to K \ell \nu$ form factors and $|V_{ub}|$ from 2+1-flavor lattice QCD with domain-wall light quarks and relativistic heavy quarks (2015) · 0.98 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
For $f_+$ this is the vector meson $B^*$ with mass $M_B^* = 5.32470(22)$ [ref] , while for $f_0$ there is a theoretical estimate for the $0^+$ state, $M_B^*(0^+)=5.63$ [ref] .

Form factors for semileptonic $B\to\pi$, $B_s\to K$ and $B_s\to D_s$ decays (2021) · Lattice calculation · 1.00
Along the same vein, we can proceed to parameterize the remaining form factors by adjusting the overall pole functions appropriately and by dropping out the near-threshold constraints for the scalar transition form factors [equation] The very disappearance of the pole factors in the above-mentioned parameterizations of the two particular form factors $f_B π^0(q^2)$ and $f_B_s K^0(q^2)$ can be attributed to the fact that the low-lying bottom-resonance in the $J^P=0^+$ channel with the predicted mass $m_B^∗ (0+) = (5627 ±35) MeV$ [ref] turns out to be located above the $B π$ production threshold $m_B + m_π = (5419 ±0.12) MeV$ [ref] .

Precision calculations of $B_{d, s} \to \pi, K$ decay form factors in soft-collinear effective theory (2022) · Numerical predictions for the $B_d, s →π, K$ form factors · 0.96
Applied its width formula to this paper's chiral doublet model result Gamma(1+(c sbar) to 0+(c sbar)+gamma) of about 2.74 keV to find |kappa_cont| about 0.24.

What can we learn from the radiative decays of the $D_{s1}(2460)$ meson? (2025) · 0.98 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used this paper's theoretically predicted B*(0+) mass of 5.63, above M_B+M_pi, to justify including no pole for f_0.

Semileptonic $B\to\pi\ell\nu$, $B\to D\ell\nu$, $B_s\to K\ell\nu$, and $B_s\to D_s\ell\nu$ decays (2019) · 0.95 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
As a rough approximation, we take $g_σ=g”_σ=-0.76$, $h'_σ=0.35$ [ref] .

Interpretation of the $\eta_1(1855)$ as a $K\bar K_1(1400)+$ c.c. molecule (2022) · Possible bound states of $KK̅_1(1400)$ · 0.96

How the literature uses it

77 arXiv papers cite this in 113 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 54 sentences without a confident label

Contests it 4 papers

[ref] that the dynamics within $(1/2)^-$ and $(1/2)^+$ doublets are very similar [ref] .

Soft dynamics in heavy-light mesons · $ĝ$ and $g$ · contest 0.88
This further corroborates the fact that the model of chiral doublings of heavy-light hadrons [ref] is so badly broken that even its qualitative features should be taken very cautiously.

On internal structure of the heavy-light mesons · Summary and conclusions · contest 0.91
[ref] concerning the axial couplings, which is solely based on chiral symmetry (see below).

Spatial distributions in static heavy-light mesons: a comparison of quark models with lattice QCD · A $γ_5$-symmetry? The true and the false · contest 0.77

Uses its method or tool 1 paper

Based on the heavy quark symmetry and the chiral symmetry, the relevant effective Lagrangian used in this work is shown in the following [ref] : [equation] where $a$ and $b$ are represent the light flavor quark, $V_μ$ is a $3×3$ Hermitian matrix containing $ρ$, $ω$, $K^∗$, and $ϕ$: [equation] The coupling constants involved in Eq. ([ref]) are related to each other as follows [ref] : [equation] with [equation] where $f_π=132$ MeV, $g_π=3.73$ and $g_A=0.6$ [ref] .

Studying the $D_1D$ molecule in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach · The BS formalism for $D_1D$ system · 0.82

Uses its data or values 17 papers

For $f_+$ this is the vector meson $B^*$ with mass $M_B^* = 5.32471(21)$ [ref] , while for $f_0$ there is a theoretical estimate for the $0^+$ state, $M_B^*(0^+)=5.63$ [ref] [Results from this and other theoretical calculations [ref] are summarized in Table 4 of Ref. [ref] .

Exclusive semileptonic $B_s\to K \ell \nu$ decays on the lattice · Chiral-continuum extrapolation · 1.00
The other coupling constants relevant to the calculation include $g__DD σ=g__D^∗D^∗σ=2m_D g_σ$ and $g__DD f_0=g__D^∗D^∗f_0=2√(2)m_D g_σ$ with $g_σ=g_π/(2√(6))$ and $g_π=3.73$ [ref] . $g_σππ= -0.02 ±0.002 MeV ^-1$ and $g_f_0 ππ=-0.00354 ±0.0017 MeV ^-1$ are taken from Ref. [ref] .

Nonresonant explanation for the Y(4260) structure observed in the $e^+e^-\to J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$ process · numerical result · 1.00
In the flavor $SU(3)$ symmetry and heavy quark limit, the above coupling constants are given by$g__D^*D^*σ=2g_σM_D^*,$ $g__D^*D^*P=2g/f_π,$ $g__D̅^*D̅^*V=βg_V/√(2), g'__D̅^*D̅^*V=2√(2)λg_V M_D^*$ with $g_σ=-0.76$ [ref] , $f_π=132$ MeV [ref] , $β=0.9$, $g_V=5.9$ [ref] and $λ=0.56$ GeV$^-1$ [ref] .

Study on the possible molecular states composed of $\Lambda_c\bar D^*$, $\Sigma_c\bar D^*$, $\Xi_c\bar D^*$ and $\Xi_c'\bar D^*$ in the Bethe-Salpeter frame based on the pentaquark states $P_c(4440)$, $P_c(4457)$ and $P_{cs}(4459)$ · The effective interactions · 1.00

Compares with it 2 papers

Our results are consistent with the theoretical predictions with respect to the Goldberger-Treiman relation [ref] , HMCHPT [ref] , and the previous LQCD [ref] .

The $B^{(*)}\bar{K}^{(*)}$-coupled-channel system in the hidden-gauge approach · Numerical Result · 0.93
Also, the model based on heavy-quark and chiral symmetry by Bardeen, Eichten and Hill [ref] gives results that are remarkably close.

Predicting positive parity $B_{s}$ mesons from lattice QCD · Introduction · 0.97

Cites it as background 27 papers

Historically, the idea that heavy-light hadrons should occur in opposite-parity multiplets was proposed more than three decades ago on symmetry grounds [ref] .

Chiral Doubling of Heavy-Light Hadrons and the New Beauty--Strange $B_{s0}^*(5700)^0$ Candidate · Discussion and Outlook · 0.92
Since the experimental discovery of narrow P-wave states of the charm-strange quarkonia $D_s0(2317)^+$ [ref] and $D_s1(2460)^+$ [ref] , discussions continue on the quark structure of these states [ref] .

Why do we not see the radiative decays of Ds1(2536)? · Introduction · 1.00
These range from conventional $c q$ models [ref] , tetraquark $cqq q$ interactions [ref] , molecular heavy-light meson-meson approaches [ref] to combinations of conventional quark models plus pure tetraquark or meson-meson molecules [ref] .

Properties of the $D_{s0}^*(2317)^\pm$ in hot and dense nuclear matter · Introduction · 1.00

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

[1] [1]

B. Aubert et al. [BABAR Collaboration], “Observation of a narrow meson decaying to D+s π0 at a mass of 2 .32- GeV/c2,” [arXiv:hep-ex/0304021]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[2] [2]

M. Gell-Mann and M. L´ evy, Nuovo Cim. 16, 705 (1960)

View on Pith 1960

[3] [3]

M. L. Goldberger and S. B. Treiman, Phys. Rev. 110, 1178 (1958)

View on Pith 1958

[4] [4]

W. A. Bardeen and C. T. Hill, Phys. Rev. D 49, 409 (1994)

View on Pith 1994

[5] [5]

M. A. Nowak, M. Rho and I. Zahed, Phys. Rev. D 48, 4370 (1993)

View on Pith 1993

[6] [6]

A. Deandrea, N. Di Bartolomeo, R. Gatto, G. Nardulli and A. D. Polosa, Phys. Rev. D 58, 034004 (1998), A. Hiorth and J. O. Eeg, Phys. Rev. D 66, 074001 (2002)

View on Pith 1998

[7] [7]

E. Eichten and F. Feinberg, Phys. Rev. D 23, 2724 (1981); E. Eichten and B. Hill, Phys. Lett. B 234, 511 (1990); 243, 427 (1990)

View on Pith 1981

[8] [8]

N. Isgur and M. B. Wise, Phys. Lett. B 232, 113 (1989); 237, 527 (1990), Nucl. Phys. B348, 276 (1991)

View on Pith 1989

[9] [9]

H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B348, 293 (1991); Phys. Lett. B 240, 447 (1990)

View on Pith 1991

[10] [10]

M. B. Wise, Phys. Rev. D 45, 2188 (1992); G. Burdman and J. F. Donoghue, Phys. Lett. B 280, 287 (1992)

View on Pith 1992

[11] [11]

P. L. Cho and M. B. Wise, Phys. Rev. D 49, 6228 (1994)

View on Pith 1994

[12] [12]

E. J. Eichten, C. T. Hill and C. Quigg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4116 (1993)

View on Pith 1993

[13] [13]

E. Eichten, K. Gottfried, T. Kinoshita, K. D. Lane and T. M. Yan, Phys. Rev. D 21, 203 (1980)

View on Pith 1980

[14] [14]

K. Anikeev et al. , “B physics at the Tevatron: Run II and beyond,” [arXiv:hep-ph/0201071]. C. H. Chang, Y. Q. Chen, G. P. Han and H. T. Jiang, “The B/c meson and the doubly-heavy baryons,” Pre- pared for International Symposium on Heavy Flavor and Electroweak Theory, Beijing, China, 16-19 Aug 1995

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1995

[15] [15]

D. Ebert, T. Feldmann, C. Kettner and H. Reinhardt, Z. Phys. C 71, 329 (1996); We use the predicted mass values of: D. Ebert, R. N. Faustov, V. O. Galkin and A. P. Martynenko, Phys. Rev. D 66, 014008 (2002) Comparable results are obtained by: S. S. Gershtein, V. V. Kiselev, A. K. Likhoded and A. I. Onishchenko, Phys. Rev. D 62, 054021 (2000)

View on Pith 1996

[16] [16]

M. Mattson et al. [SELEX Collaboration], Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 112001 (2002); [arXiv:hep-ex/0208014]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002

[17] [17]

A. Manohar and H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B 234, 189 (1984); J. Bijnens, C. Bruno and E. de Rafael, Nucl. Phys. B 390, 501 (1993)

View on Pith 1984

[18] [18]

M. Di Pierro and E. Eichten, Phys. Rev. D 64, 114004 (2001) [arXiv:hep-ph/0104208]. 10 TABLE I: The heavy-light spectrum compared to experiment. W e report the diﬀerence between the excited state masses and the ground state ( D or B) in each case. We have assumed that ∆ M (mc) = ∆ M (mb) = ∆ M (∞) = 349 MeV. charmed meson masses [MeV] bottom meson masses ...

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2001