Radiatively Induced Neutrino Masses and Large Higgs-Neutrino Couplings in the Standard Model with Majorana Fields

Apostolos Pilaftsis

REVIEW

Radiatively Induced Neutrino Masses and Large Higgs-Neutrino Couplings in the Standard Model with Majorana Fields

Apostolos Pilaftsis

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 2 Jan 1999 · 27 references

Pith's verdict: Solid one-loop derivation, but the numerical example looks off by two to three orders of magnitude and the degeneracy's radiative stability is never discussed.

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CitationApostolos Pilaftsis. "Radiatively Induced Neutrino Masses and Large Higgs-Neutrino Couplings in the Standard Model with Majorana Fields." arXiv:hep-ph/9901206 (1999). https://pith.science/paper/MY3VYPXA

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Editor's note

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Pilaftsis has a genuine result in §4, but the numerical example there doesn't survive a back-of-envelope check. The core is the one-loop calculation of the light neutrino mass matrix in the SM with one right-handed neutrino per family. Eq. (4.2) has the right structure, the UV divergences cancel between graphs (1a) and (1c), and the unitarity identity (4.5) — which forces the loop mass to vanish for exactly degenerate heavy neutrinos — is a clean and useful observation. The democratic-mixing construction in §3 (B = -(b²/a²)A) is a sensible way to keep neutrinos massless at tree level, and the Higgs coupling enhancement in §2, m_N/M_W relative to the Z coupling, is correct and worth the attention it gets. The soft spot is the numerical claim. With a = c = 10 GeV, A = 100 GeV, M_H = 100 GeV, and ε = 10^-4, eq. (4.7) gives m_ν ~ few keV, not 1-10 eV. To land in the eV range you need ε ~ 10^-7. Caveat: eq. (4.7) is garbled in the text I have ('ln |a||b| 1A'), so this needs checking against the published version. But if the printed formula is what the paper intends, the example is off by two to three orders of magnitude. That matters because the paper never discusses whether the required degeneracy is radiatively stable. The heavy masses get one-loop corrections of order h_ν²/16π² ~ 10^-5 relative, and larger from the top loop through the Higgs. A degeneracy at the 10^-7 level would be washed out; at 10^-4 it's marginal. The paper acknowledges the degeneracy requirement after eq. (4.5) — that's not a hidden flaw — but it treats the degeneracy as a feature rather than a tuning, and doesn't ask whether it survives loops. §5 is a reasonable first pass but quotes cross sections and event rates without uncertainties, and defers the background and lepton-flavor studies to [14] (in progress) and [26] (in preparation). Those are real gaps for a phenomenology section. The reader's circularity worry is a bit overstated: this isn't fitting to data, it's an illustrative parameter choice. The sharper issue is the arithmetic. Who should read it: neutrino mass model builders and collider people working on heavy neutral leptons. The one-loop result and the unitarity identity are worth citing. I'd send it to referees, with a request to check the numerical example and add a paragraph on radiative stability of the degeneracy.

Referee report

Significance

If the mechanism holds, it is a genuine alternative to the tree-level seesaw: it would place the heavy Majorana scale at ~100 GeV rather than 10^7-10^8 GeV, and it makes falsifiable collider predictions (like-sign dileptons with no missing p_T, H → νN as a competitive Higgs channel) that are stated in terms of the experimentally constrained mixing parameters of Ref. [11]. The one-loop derivation is self-contained and the cancellation structure is transparent; the unitarity identity Eq. (4.5) is a clean, checkable statement that ties the light mass to the heavy-mass splitting. The paper is also careful to distinguish its assumptions (no isotriplet Higgs, no Majoron) and to state the renormalization-group triviality bound on m_D. These are real strengths and should be weighed alongside the concerns below.

Major objections (2)

[§4, Eqs. (4.7) and (4.11)] The illustrative numerical example does not appear to reproduce the quoted result. With a = c = 10 GeV, A = 100 GeV, M_H = 100 GeV and ε = (b-a)/a = 10^-4, the printed Eq. (4.7) gives m_ν2 = [tr(m_ν m_ν†)]^{1/2} of order a few keV, not the stated 1-10 eV; landing in the eV range requires ε of order 10^-7. Since the eV-scale mass with m_N ~ 100 GeV is precisely the headline contrast with the ordinary seesaw (as emphasized in §1 and §6), the example should be recomputed and either corrected or the quoted range revised. Caveat: Eq. (4.7) is typographically corrupted in the version I read (the factor appears as 'ln |a||b| 1A'), so the numerical reading must be checked against the published version; if the published formula differs in the power of A or the argument of the logarithm, this concern may not land.
[§4, discussion following Eq. (4.5)] The paper correctly observes that m_ν vanishes for exactly degenerate heavy neutrinos and attributes the smallness of the light masses to near-degeneracy, but it never states how close that degeneracy must be, nor whether it is radiatively stable. In the two-generation example the degeneracy is imposed by hand through Eq. (3.5), B = -(b²/a²)A, and the splitting is controlled by ε rather than by the mixing ξ ~ 0.1 that the abstract advertises. If the eV range indeed requires ε ~ 10^-7, the tree-level heavy-mass splitting is finer than the one-loop correction to m_N from the neutrino Yukawa coupling (h_ν²/16π² with h_ν ~ m_D/v ~ 0.04), so the one-loop m_ν would not be under control without resummation. The manuscript should quantify the required ε explicitly and discuss whether the degeneracy survives radiative corrections, since this is load-bearing for the claim that the model accounts for m_ν ≲ 10 eV with m_N ~ 100 GeV.

Minor objections (6)

[§3, Eq. (3.6) and §4, Eq. (4.7)] Both formulas are typographically corrupted in the version I read (Eq. (3.6) contains 'radicaltp/radicalvertex' fragments and Eq. (4.7) contains 'ln |a||b| 1A'). Clean typesetting is needed, since the numerical example and the reader's ability to check it depend on these expressions.
[§5, Eq. (5.6)] The phase-space factor [1 - 4m_Ni²/M_H²]^{3/2} for a Higgs decaying into two identical Majorana fermions should be checked; for a scalar coupling the standard two-body phase space enters with power 1/2, and the additional power needs an explicit justification (for example, a p-wave suppression from the γ5 part of the coupling).
[§5, text following Eq. (5.6)] The statement that H⁰ → νN 'could be the most dominant decay mode' for 100 ≤ M_H ≤ 150 GeV should be supported by an explicit comparison with H → bb̄ and H → WW*, not only by the ratio R = Γ(νN)/Γ(bb̄) plotted in Fig. 3; a ratio of order unity against bb̄ does not by itself establish dominance once the WW* channel is included.
[§5, footnote to the background discussion] The viability of the like-sign dilepton signal against Standard Model background is explicitly deferred to Ref. [14], listed as 'in progress'. The quoted rates (about 480 events per year at LHC and 80 at SSC) are raw event counts without a significance estimate, so the observability claim should be phrased as conditional on that deferred analysis.
[§4, sentence following Eq. (4.5)] The phrase 'the smallness of the n_G light neutrino masses' should be clarified: in the two-generation case det m_ν = 0 (Eq. 4.9), so only one light neutrino is massive, and the counting for general n_G should be stated explicitly.
[§4, Eqs. (4.2)-(4.4) and §6] The three-generation analysis is deferred to Refs. [14] and [26], both unpublished at the time of writing. This is acknowledged in the text, but the reader should be told clearly which of the §4 conclusions (in particular the hierarchy statement around Eq. (4.10)) are established here and which rest on the forthcoming work.

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The paper

The paper claims

The paper argues that in the Standard Model extended by one right-handed neutrino per family, light neutrinos can acquire their observed tiny Majorana masses not from a very heavy seesaw scale but from a one-loop electroweak correction, so

The reading

The paper asks whether the Standard Model, extended only by one right-handed neutrino per family, can explain why ordinary neutrinos are so light without invoking the usual seesaw hierarchy. The author's answer is that if the mixings between families are large — of order $0.1$, close to the experimental upper bounds — then a neutrino mass of the Majorana type is generated at the first electroweak loop, with heavy neutrino partners sitting around $100$ GeV rather than $10^{7}$–$10^{8}$ GeV. The reason this matters is that heavy neutral leptons at the electroweak scale are reachable: they would show up at high-energy colliders as like-sign dilepton pairs with jets and no missing transverse momentum. The paper also points out that the same mixing that drives the loop makes the Higgs couplings to light–heavy and heavy–heavy neutrino pairs grow with $m_N/M_W$, so the Higgs boson itself becomes a production channel for these particles.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the one-loop neutrino self-energy in the presence of the light–heavy mixing matrix $C_{ u_i N_k}$, combined with the unitarity identity $sum_k m_{N_k} C_{iN_k} C_{jN_k} = 0$. That identity does two jobs at once: it cancels the subtraction-point dependence in the loop function $f(m_N^2, M^2)$, and it converts the masslessness of the light neutrinos into a statement about heavy-neutrino degeneracy. The mixing matrix itself comes from expanding the diagonalizing matrix $U^ u$ in powers of $xi = m_D m_M^{-1}$, with $xi_{ij}$ bounded above by about $0.1$–$0.2$ from charge-current universality and neutral-current data. The same expansion produces the enhanced Higgs vertices, so one structure supplies both the small mass and the large collider coupling.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that a radiatively generated neutrino mass matrix, computed from the one-loop self-energy graphs with $Z^0$ and Higgs exchange in Feynman gauge, can reproduce $m_ u < 10$ eV while the heavy Majorana neutrinos have masses of order $100$ GeV. The one-loop result is $m_{ u_i u_j} = (lpha_W/16pi) sum_k (m_{N_k}/M_W^2) C_{ u_i N_k} C_{ u_j N_k} F(m_{N_k}^2, M_Z^2, M_H^2)$, and the unitarity identity $sum_k m_{N_k} C_{iN_k} C_{jN_k} = 0$ makes the answer vanish when the heavy neutrinos are exactly degenerate. Small neutrino masses therefore follow from near-degeneracy of the heavy states, not from an enormous mass scale. In the two-generation illustration the mass matrices are chosen so that both light neutrinos are massless at tree level, with $d = bc/a$ and $B = -(b^2/a^2)A$, and a small perturbation $arepsilon = (b-a)/a$ of order $10^{-4}$ around the family-independent limit gives $m_{ u_2} sim 1$–$10$ eV for $a = c = 10$ GeV and $A = 100$ GeV. The second claim is that in this same regime the $H^0$–$ u$–$N$ coupling is larger than the corresponding $Z^0$ coupling by roughly $m_N/M_W$, and the $H^0$–$N$–$N$ coupling by roughly $2m_N/M_W$, so Higgs-mediated production of heavy neutrinos is not negligible.

Load-bearing premise

The mechanism only produces light neutrinos if the heavy neutrinos are nearly degenerate, and that degeneracy is put in by hand through the family-independent limit plus a small perturbation, not enforced by any symmetry of the model.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

Heavy Majorana neutrinos with masses near $100$ GeV and mixings of order $0.1$ would be produced at the LHC and at a 1–2 TeV $e^+e^-$ collider, giving like-sign dilepton pairs plus jets with no missing transverse momentum.
For a Higgs boson in the intermediate mass range $100 \le M_H \le 150$ GeV, the decay $H^0 \to \nu N$ can be the dominant channel, with $\mathrm{Br}(H \to \nu N)$ peaking near $3 \times 10^{-2}$ at $M_H \simeq 1.5\,m_N$.
The $W$-exchange process $pp \to W^{-*} \to l^- N X$ gives up to roughly $10^{4}$ lepton-number-violating events per year at the LHC for $m_N = 150$ GeV with unsuppressed $W$–$l$–$N$ coupling, about a hundred times the Higgs-mediated rate.
Because the loop mass is proportional to the heavy-neutrino mass splitting, the observed light-neutrino mass scale becomes a measurement of how nearly degenerate the heavy states are, rather than of how heavy they are.
A large $H^0$–$\nu$–$N$ coupling would also produce lepton-flavour-violating Higgs decays with no missing transverse momentum and no hard jets, a clean experimental signature.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The mechanism trades a hierarchy in mass scales for a hierarchy in mass splittings: the same small parameter that makes the light neutrinos light also has to be protected from radiative corrections, so the naturalness question simply moves from the seesaw scale to the degeneracy of the heavy states.
If the heavy neutrinos are instead found to be widely split, the loop contribution would not be small, and the model would need either a much lower cutoff or additional symmetry to keep the light masses at the eV scale.
The prediction that the Higgs can decay dominantly into $\nu N$ in the $100$–$150$ GeV window is a sharper target than the generic heavy-neutrino search, because it would appear as a deficit in standard Higgs branching ratios together with large missing transverse momentum.
The near-degeneracy required here resembles the degenerate heavy-spectrum limit used in leptogenesis-style scenarios, where small mass splittings control the size of CP violation; the same parameters that fix the light masses would then also constrain the cosmological lepton asymmetry.

Original abstract

The Higgs sector of the Standard Model with one right-handed neutrino per family is systematically analyzed. In a model with intergenerational independent mixings between families, we can account for very light neutrinos acquiring Majorana masses radiatively at the first electroweak loop level. We also find that in such a scenario the Higgs coupling to the light-heavy neutrinos and to the heavy-heavy ones may be remarkably enhanced with significant implications for the production of these heavy neutrinos at high energy colliders.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 2,994 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.13 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.10 · compares with prior results 0.06 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

The Higgs sector of the Standard Model with one right-handed neutrino per family is systematically analyzed. In a model with intergenerational independent mixings between families, we can account for very light neutrinos acquiring Majorana masses radiatively at the first electroweak loop level. We also find that in such a scenario the Higgs coupling to the light-heavy neutrinos and to the heavy-heavy ones may be remarkably enhanced with significant implications for the production of these heavy neutrinos at high energy colliders.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	The Higgs sector of the Standard Model with one right-handed neutrino per family is systematically analyzed.	contribution 0.90	0.78	0.04	asserted 0.91
s1	In a model with intergenerational independent mixings between families, we can account for very light neutrinos acquiring Majorana masses radiatively at the first electroweak loop level.	result 0.95	0.81	0.43	hedged possibility 0.77
s2	We also find that in such a scenario the Higgs coupling to the light-heavy neutrinos and to the heavy-heavy ones may be remarkably enhanced with significant implications for the production of these heavy neutrinos at high energy colliders.	result 0.68	0.94	0.45	hedged possibility 0.72

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.98.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

Figures

**Figure 1.** Graphs relevant for the radiatively induced neutrino mass matrix mν in the Feynman gauge

Figures reproduced from arXiv:hep-ph/9901206 by the authors.

References

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Loop corrections to heavy-active neutrino mixing are negligible in the B-L-conserving Seesaw parameter space, and the cancellation that would make them matter requires B-L violation already excluded by light neutrino masses.
Unified explanation of the $eejj$, diboson and dijet resonances at the LHC
hep-ph 2015-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A single left-right model with a 1.9 TeV W_R, inverse-seesaw neutrinos, and a unification-fixed g_R of about 0.51 can fit the eejj, diboson, and dijet excesses, with the dilepton charge ratio measuring the Dirac-to-Ma...
Lepton number violation as a key to low-scale leptogenesis
hep-ph 2015-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Two sterile neutrinos with opposite lepton number, split by a small Delta-L=2 breaking, can produce the observed baryon asymmetry through oscillations at the electroweak scale while fitting neutrino data.
Lepton Number Violation in Higgs Decay at LHC
hep-ph 2015-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Higgs decays to two heavy Majorana neutrinos, simulated through the full LRSM detector chain, can produce a discoverable same-sign dilepton plus jets signal at the 13 TeV LHC.
Flavour Covariant Transport Equations: an Application to Resonant Leptogenesis
hep-ph 2014-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Flavour-covariant transport equations with rank-4 rate tensors predict up to an order-of-magnitude larger lepton asymmetry in resonant leptogenesis than flavour-diagonal treatments.
Models with radiative neutrino masses and viable dark matter candidates
hep-ph 2013-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Filtering the known one-loop neutrino-mass model space by dark matter viability criteria yields 35 non-equivalent models, 17 of which contain exotic-charge particles.
New Production Mechanism for Heavy Neutrinos at the LHC
hep-ph 2013-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Photon-assisted t-channel W-gamma fusion produces heavy Majorana neutrinos at the LHC more copiously than s-channel W exchange above roughly 300 GeV, improving direct limits on light-to-heavy neutrino mixing.
Muon conversion to electron in nuclei in type-I seesaw models
hep-ph 2012-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In the type-I seesaw model, ratios of muon-to-electron conversion in nuclei to mu->e gamma and mu->eee depend only on the heavy neutrino mass scale, so measuring any two of the three fixes that scale.
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and Heavy Sterile Neutrinos
hep-ph 2011-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Within Type I seesaw, heavy sterile neutrinos can saturate the neutrinoless double beta decay rate if light neutrino masses are suppressed beyond naive seesaw, and radiative stability then caps the heavy mass near 10 GeV.
Heavy Majorana Neutrinos in the Effective Lagrangian Description: Application to Hadron Colliders
hep-ph 2008-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A complete dimension-six effective Lagrangian for a heavy Majorana neutrino shows that four-fermion contact operators, not the seesaw-suppressed mixing, would dominate same-sign dilepton plus dijet production at hadro...
Right-Handed Neutrinos at LHC and the Mechanism of Neutrino Mass Generation
hep-ph 2007-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

For two or three right-handed neutrinos, an exact cancellation of light neutrino masses forces a rank-1 Dirac mass matrix, and the symmetries that stabilize it imply lepton number conservation, so LHC-visible right-ha...
Heavy neutrino signals at large hadron colliders
hep-ph 2007-03 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Realistic Standard Model backgrounds cut the LHC's 5-sigma reach for a muon-coupled heavy Majorana neutrino from about 400 GeV to about 200 GeV.
Insights on the Scale of Leptogenesis from Neutrino Masses and Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay
hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

In hierarchical seesaw leptogenesis, the required lightest heavy-neutrino mass sits between about 10^8 and 10^10 GeV for typical fine-tuning and can fall to 10^6 GeV with strong fine-tuning, as a function of the light...
Heavy Neutral Leptons without Prejudice
hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

HL-LHC and FCC-ee can probe HNL Yukawa couplings down to y^2 near 10^-4 to 10^-6 depending on mass; at zero mixing, Higgs width precision is the strongest constraint and the two colliders have comparable reach.
On radiative corrections to lepton number violating processes
hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Radiative corrections to neutrino masses can increase the e−e− → W−W− cross section by about 15% for TeV-scale heavy neutral leptons.
Mapping the viable parameter space for testable leptogenesis
hep-ph 2021-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A parameter-space scan finds that three heavy neutrinos can generate the observed baryon asymmetry with mixings up to experimental bounds across 50 MeV to tens of TeV, far exceeding the two-neutrino case.
Vector boson fusion at multi-TeV muon colliders
hep-ph 2020-05 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

At multi-TeV muon colliders, vector boson fusion becomes the dominant production mode for electroweak final states above a few TeV, with crossover energies tabulated for many Standard Model and beyond-Standard-Model p...
Neutrinoless double beta decay versus other probes of heavy sterile neutrinos
hep-ph 2019-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

In a one-generation seesaw with two sterile neutrinos, the neutrinoless double beta decay limit on active-sterile mixing scales inversely with the sterile mass splitting, so quasi-degenerate pseudo-Dirac pairs escape ...
On Lepton Number Violation in Heavy Neutrino Decays at Colliders
hep-ph 2019-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

In the minimal two-heavy-neutrino seesaw, lepton-number-violating collider signals are generic below the electroweak scale and suppressed above it, with a coexistence band in between.
Non-Standard Interactions in Radiative Neutrino Mass Models
hep-ph 2019-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Type-I radiative neutrino mass models generate tree-level non-standard neutrino interactions as large as tens of percent in the diagonal flavor components, while remaining consistent with collider, electroweak, and ch...
Long-lived TeV-scale right-handed neutrino production at the LHC in gauged $U(1)_X$ model
hep-ph 2019-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

In the gauged U(1)_X model the maximum right-handed neutrino decay length scales as 1/m_lightest, so a lightest active neutrino mass below about 10^-5 eV yields a long-lived TeV-scale RHN with a displaced-vertex signa...
Neutrino Portals to Dark Matter
hep-ph 2019-02 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

In two gauge-invariant neutrino-portal models, loop-suppressed couplings to charged leptons let neutrino detectors set the leading constraints on dark matter, and future experiments can reach the thermal relic cross section.
The Dark Side of the Littlest Seesaw: freeze-in, the two right-handed neutrino portal and leptogenesis-friendly fimpzillas
hep-ph 2018-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A two-right-handed-neutrino Littlest Seesaw model extended by a Z2-odd dark sector can reproduce the observed dark matter relic density via freeze-in, with the neutrino Yukawa couplings driving production at high sees...
Phenomenology of GeV-scale Heavy Neutral Leptons
hep-ph 2018-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

The paper assembles and revises the production and decay phenomenology of GeV-scale heavy neutral leptons, adds QCD corrections and previously omitted channels, and tabulates which channels matter at which mass.
Higgs Sector of the Left-Right Symmetric Theory
hep-ph 2016-12 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

The minimal left-right symmetric model's scalar masses, mixings, and cubic couplings are computed in full, and renormalization-group running shows the theory stays perturbative only if the new scalars are heavy or the...
Non-Unitarity, sterile neutrinos, and Non-Standard neutrino Interactions
hep-ph 2016-09 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Averaged-out sterile neutrino oscillations and PMNS non-unitarity produce the same far-detector oscillation probability at leading order, even in matter, and both map onto the standard NSI parametrization.
Sterile Neutrino portal to Dark Matter II: Exact Dark symmetry
hep-ph 2016-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Dark matter annihilating into sterile neutrinos instead of Standard Model particles can match the observed relic density for scalar and fermion dark matter from 1 GeV to 2 TeV while evading current direct-detection an...
Sterile neutrino portal to Dark Matter I: The $U(1)_{B-L}$ case
hep-ph 2016-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A global U(1)_{B-L} dark sector with a fermionic WIMP and a Majoron mediator can reproduce the observed dark matter abundance while evading Higgs and direct detection bounds, with annihilation into sterile neutrinos p...
Global constraints on heavy neutrino mixing
hep-ph 2016-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Combining 28 flavour and electroweak observables, the authors bound heavy Seesaw neutrino mixing at the 0.005 to 0.08 level at two sigma, with a mild preference for non-zero electron and tau mixing near 0.03 to 0.04.
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in e+/- e+/- plus jets and e+/- mu+/- plus jets events in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
hep-ex 2016-03 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No same-sign dilepton excess appears in 19.7 fb^-1 of 8 TeV CMS data, yielding the first direct limits on the electron-muon heavy-neutrino mixing combination and the tightest |VeN|^2 limits above 200 GeV.
Disambiguating Seesaw Models using Invariant Mass Variables at Hadron Colliders
hep-ph 2015-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Relationships among kinematic endpoints of invariant mass variables distinguish the event topologies of TeV-scale seesaw models that share the same dilepton-plus-dijet collider signature.
Radiative Corrections to Light Neutrino Masses in Low Scale Type I Seesaw Scenarios and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
hep-ph 2015-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A heavy sterile neutrino can dominate 0vbb decay for masses above 1 GeV only at the cost of a fine-tuned cancellation, at the 10^4 to 10^9 level, between tree-level and one-loop light neutrino masses.
Probing the Type I Seesaw Mechanism with Displaced Vertices at the LHC
hep-ph 2015-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

In a 3+2 Type I seesaw with degenerate few-GeV heavy neutrinos, Higgs decays can yield O(100) reconstructible displaced vertices in 300 fb^-1 at 13 TeV, but a standard muon trigger cuts the yield to a few percent.
Multilepton and Lepton Jet Probes of Sub-Weak-Scale Right-Handed Neutrinos
hep-ph 2015-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Two targeted LHC analyses, a displaced muon jet plus prompt lepton and an OSSF-free trilepton search, are projected to probe sterile-neutrino mixing angles down to 10^-4 to 10^-3 for masses between the charm and W masses.
Prospects of Heavy Neutrino Searches at Future Lepton Colliders
hep-ph 2015-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

At 500 GeV with 100 inverse femtobarns, a lepton collider could probe heavy neutrino mixing down to about 10^-4 for masses up to 400 GeV, roughly ten times better than current limits.
Combining Experimental and Cosmological Constraints on Heavy Neutrinos
hep-ph 2015-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Combining direct searches, indirect precision observables and big bang nucleosynthesis leaves heavy neutrino mixings mostly bounded by direct searches alone, except for tau-flavour mixing below the D meson mass, where...
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in mu+/- mu+/- + jets events in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
hep-ex 2015-01 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

CMS observes no same-sign dimuon excess at 8 TeV and excludes heavy Majorana neutrino mixing above |V_muN|^2 = 0.0047 at 90 GeV, 0.0123 at 200 GeV, and 0.583 at 500 GeV.
Heavy Majorana Neutrinos from $W\gamma$ Fusion at Hadron Colliders
hep-ph 2014-11 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Photon-induced W-gamma fusion overtakes Drell-Yan production of a heavy Majorana neutrino near 1 TeV at the 14 TeV LHC and 770 GeV at a 100 TeV collider, extending same-sign dimuon discovery reach to about 1070 GeV wi...
TeV Scale Left-Right Symmetry and Large Mixing Effects in Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
hep-ph 2014-05 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

For W_L-W_R mixing near its experimental bound, the eta diagram by itself can saturate the current neutrinoless double beta decay limit, strengthening constraints on light-heavy neutrino mixing and on the gauge boson ...
Direct Bounds on Electroweak Scale Pseudo-Dirac Neutrinos from $\sqrt s=8$ TeV LHC Data
hep-ph 2014-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

CMS 8 TeV multilepton data exclude light-heavy neutrino mixing above roughly 2e-3 at 100 GeV for pseudo-Dirac neutrinos, extending direct collider reach to about 500 GeV.
Natural TeV-Scale Left-Right Seesaw for Neutrinos and Experimental Tests
hep-ph 2013-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A Z4-cubed left-right seesaw with the Kersten-Smirnov texture fits charged lepton and neutrino data and predicts lepton-flavor-violating rates near current experimental limits.
Can heavy neutrinos dominate neutrinoless double beta decay?
hep-ph 2012-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Once one-loop light neutrino masses are included, heavy sterile neutrinos can dominate neutrinoless double beta decay only for a hierarchical spectrum straddling 100 MeV, or in a small quasi-degenerate window near 5 GeV.

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138 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 135 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 9 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 18 of the 199 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

2 later papers by other authors are listed below: 2 compared their own results with it.

Compares with it 2 papers

Computed the one-loop induced mass for neutrinos and found it to agree with this paper.

Equivalence between massless neutrinos and lepton number conservation in fermionic singlet extensions of the Standard Model (2017) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Recovered the expression for the Type-I seesaw case of this paper by turning off the g' gauge coupling.

Neutrino Masses from a Dark Neutrino Sector below the Electroweak Scale (2019) · 0.81 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

119 arXiv papers cite this in 173 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 126 sentences without a confident label

Contests it 1 paper

This result shows that current data clearly favours the NP hypothesis, exclude conventional models with right-handed neutrinos leading to necessary destructive interference [ref] and promote the search for NP models as the ones presented in Refs. [ref] .

Modified lepton couplings and the Cabibbo-angle anomaly · Results and Conclusions · contest 0.73

Uses its method or tool 2 papers

In this we closely follow the treatment of radiative corrections given in [ref] .

Generalised $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetries and calculable gauge kinetic and mass mixing in $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ models · Kinetic mixing in the standard seesaw model · 0.96
In our study of the parameter space we employ the usual Casas-Ibarra parametrization [ref] , [equation] where $U_ν$ is the PMNS matrix, $m_ν$ and $M_M$ are the mass matrices of the light and heavy neutrinos respectively.[ This parametrization can be modified to include radiative corrections [ref] by replacing $√(M_i) →M_i/√(M̃_i)$ [ref] , as well corrections from unitarity of the mixing matrix [ref] . ] The matrix $ℛ$ satisfies $ℛ ℛ^T=1$ and is usually parametrized by three complex Euler angles.

Mapping the viable parameter space for testable leptogenesis · Introduction · 1.00

Compares with it 2 papers

We computed the one-loop induced mass for neutrinos and found it to agree with [ref] , giving [equation] with $i,j ∈{ 1, 2, 3 }$, $α_W = g^2/4 π$ with $g$ the $SU(2)_L$ coupling constant, [equation] [equation] and [equation] where [equation] As $f(0)=0$, it is useful to define a diagonal matrix [equation] such that eq.([ref]) may be rewritten in matrix form as [equation]

Equivalence between massless neutrinos and lepton number conservation in fermionic singlet extensions of the Standard Model · The matrix $M$ as a necessary condition for massless light neutrinos: $M̂_l = 0 M$ · 0.99
Turning off the $g^'$ gauge coupling, we recover the expression for the Type-I seesaw case [ref] : [equation]

Neutrino Masses from a Dark Neutrino Sector below the Electroweak Scale · Radiative corrections · 0.81

Cites it as support 3 papers

If their decay can be detected, e.g., in LLP searches, we can probe the seesaw floor in a much broader range [ref] .

Testing Leptogenesis and Seesaw using Long-lived Particle Searches in the $B-L$ Model · Introduction · 0.96
This leads to the well-known decoupling of observable lepton number violation in the minimal, high-scale Type I Seesaw scenario at colliders experiments [ref] .

Lepton Number Violation: Seesaw Models and Their Collider Tests · The Canonical Type I Seesaw Mechanism · 0.96
This has been explicitly shown in Ref. [ref] with a calculation in the mass basis.

From the trees to the forest: a review of radiative neutrino mass models · Other 1-loop models · 0.98

Cites it as background 35 papers

On the other hand, the direct collider searches for heavy neutrinos at the energy frontier can provide a simultaneous probe of both the aspects of the seesaw mechanism, i.e. the Majorana nature of the heavy neutrinos $N$ and their mixing with the active neutrinos, provided the seesaw scale is accessible to the available center of mass energy; for a review, see e.g. [ref] .[For some examples of low-scale seesaw models with relatively large active-sterile neutrino mixing, which lead to observable effects at colliders as discussed here, see [ref] .] In particular, electroweak-scale heavy neutrinos can be produced on-shell at colliders with a cross section depending on the strength of their mixing with the active neutrinos in the minimal setup, while their subsequent decay pattern is governed by whether they are Majorana or Dirac particles.

Prospects of Heavy Neutrino Searches at Future Lepton Colliders · Introduction · 0.86
This fantastic issue has been discussed by taking into account fixed-scale corrections [ref] or renormalization-group (RG) running corrections without threshold effects [ref] (see, e.g., Refs. [ref] and [ref] for a review on these two kinds of quantum corrections, respectively).

Threshold Effects on the Massless Neutrino in the Canonical Seesaw Mechanism · Introduction · 0.94
Here I explore the consequences of assuming that the Majorana neutrino mass scale is generated at the electroweak scale [For previous work on the phenomenology of electroweak scale right-handed neutrinos, see [ref] .

Broadening the Higgs Boson with Right-Handed Neutrinos and a Higher Dimension Operator at the Electroweak Scale · Motivation · 0.93

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

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