Deforming field theories with $U(1)\times U(1)$ global symmetry and their gravity duals

Juan Maldacena; Oleg Lunin

REVIEW

Deforming field theories with $U(1)\times U(1)$ global symmetry and their gravity duals

Oleg Lunin, Juan Maldacena

High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 8 Feb 2005 · 58 references

Pith's verdict: The real contribution is the SL(2,R) solution-generating trick, not the deformed field theory, and it holds up; the field-theory identification is an acknowledged conjecture backed by three independent corner checks.

T0 · AI review

How this review was made: An AI referee (selfhosted/deepseek-v4.1-flash) read the paper on October 29, 2026 and answered a fixed list of questions about it. T0 is the starting level every paper gets. The levels describe how deeply Pith has checked the paper, never the authors.

T0 AI review An AI read the paper and answered a fixed list of questions.
T1 Audit Automatic checks that the references and files the paper relies on exist and match.
T2 Compute The paper's code or calculations re-run with the same results.
T3 Formal statement The claims written out in a formal math language a computer can read.
T4 Proof Those claims proved, and the proof checked by computer.

How Pith checks papers →

· 2 major objections · 7 minor · Ask about this paper · The compiled record · Read the full review →

Challenge this review Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗

Cite ▾

arXiv IDhep-th/0502086 (version 4)

Pith ID3SGGQ7SJ, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationJuan Maldacena, Oleg Lunin. "Deforming field theories with $U(1)\times U(1)$ global symmetry and their gravity duals." arXiv:hep-th/0502086 (2005). https://pith.science/paper/3SGGQ7SJ

Cite this reviewBibTeX for Pith's review of this paper

Claim paper

Why Pith says this

Highlight any text to comment on it.

Editor's note

read the letter

Worth your time, and the trick is the point. Lunin and Maldacena show that the gravity dual of the β-deformed N=4 theory is the SL(2,R) image of AdS5×S5 under τ → τ/(1+γτ), with τ = B + i√g on the two-torus. That is the contribution: not the deformed field theory (Leigh-Strassler, Berenstein-Leigh and others had that), but the observation that one element of a symmetry you already knew generates the whole family of duals, and does so without introducing singularities, because near τ → 0 the transformation reduces to the identity. The same move then runs on the conifold, on Y^{p,q}, on Klebanov-Strassler, and on AdS4×S7 with three U(1)s. Appendix A gives the full reduction and the transformed fields, so anyone can reproduce the solutions from the paper alone. That is the part I would actually cite, and it is why the paper became a standard reference rather than a one-off metric.

Referee report

Significance

The result is significant and, if correct, broadly useful. The solution-generating step is a standard symmetry transformation of the torus-reduced theory, and the paper writes the resulting metric, dilaton, and form fields in closed form for several backgrounds, so the gravity half is checkable line by line. The construction unifies non-commutative field theories, dipole theories, and orbifolds with discrete torsion with the β-deformations under a single SL(2,R)/SL(3,R) operation, which is a genuine conceptual gain. The paper also ships falsifiable comparisons rather than assertions: the pp-wave mass formula (3.39) reproduces the gauge-theory computation of Niarchos-Prezas [17], the chiral-ring spectrum (3.9)-(3.10) matches Berenstein-Leigh [8,9], and the Zamolodchikov coefficient (3.33) is compared to the weak-coupling normalization via [45]. The technique is reusable and has no free parameters beyond γ and σ.

Major objections (2)

[§2, Eqs. (2.6)-(2.7) and the paragraph following] The authors are explicit that the identification of the SL(2,R)-transformed background with the β-deformed field theory rests on a conjecture: the Seiberg-Witten relation (2.7) is derived for constant metric and B field, and here it is applied pointwise where both vary. I agree with the authors' own characterization and do not regard the conjecture as a defect in itself. What remains unresolved is the status of the supporting arguments. The planar-diagram statement attributed to [27] is likewise a constant-θ result, and the brane-antibrane argument of §2 (tachyon condensation is insensitive to Θ) is heuristic in a setting where the two-torus shrinks at the origin and the B field varies. The three quantitative checks cited (pp-wave (3.39), chiral ring (3.9)-(3.10), Zamolodchikov coefficient (3.33)) are all leading-order in 1/N, at large 't Hooft coupling, or restricted to BPS states. I would ask the authors to add one or two sentences in §2 or §6 stating precisely what is established and at what order, and to note which of the checks would be expected to fail first if the pointwise extrapolation were wrong. This is a request for calibration of the claim, not for new computation.
[§3.4, Eqs. (3.30)-(3.33)] The coefficient C = πN in the five-dimensional action (3.30) is stated as unchecked: the authors write that they have not verified the overall numerical coefficient and that the results of [45] imply the weak-coupling answer will agree. The [45] argument is indirect, since that work concerns two-point functions of higher Kaluza-Klein harmonics of the dilaton, related by N=4 supersymmetry to the operator dual to a small change in γ. Because the Zamolodchikov metric is one of the paper's quantitative outputs, a concrete test would strengthen it: compute the two-point function of the exactly marginal operator Tr(e^{iπβ}Φ₁Φ₂Φ₃ − e^{−iπβ}Φ₁Φ₃Φ₂) directly at weak coupling from the Leigh-Strassler lagrangian and compare the normalization with (3.33). If such a computation is not feasible here, the sentence in §3.4 should say plainly that the coefficient is fixed by SL(3,R) invariance up to an overall normalization that has not been independently checked.

Minor objections (7)

[§3.1, paragraph after Eq. (3.6)] The sentence 'So we can have, for example, Φ₁ ≠ 0 and Φ₂ = Φ₂ = 0' repeats Φ₂; the second occurrence should presumably be Φ₃.
[Eq. (3.13)] The three expressions in (3.13) do not appear mutually consistent in powers of R. From the metric decomposition (3.12), with ds² = R²[...], the torus volume is √g = R² s_α (c_α² + s_α² s_θ² c_θ²)^{1/2}, whereas the printed form [R² s_α²(c_α² + s_α² s_θ² c_θ²)]^{1/2} and the final expression iR(µ₁²µ₂² + µ₂²µ₃² + µ₁²µ₃²)^{1/2} both carry one power of R rather than two. Since γ̂ = R²γ in (3.15) is consistent with τ = iR²(µ₁²µ₂² + µ₂²µ₃² + µ₁²µ₃²)^{1/2}, this looks like a dropped factor of R; please check and correct.
[Eq. (3.12)] The intermediate decomposition of the S⁵ metric is difficult to verify as printed, in part because the notation mixes s2θ with s²θ and c2θ, and the coefficients in the second and third lines are not obviously those of the standard SU(3) invariant form. Since only the final result (3.14) is used, either the decomposition should be checked and the notation made uniform, or the intermediate step could be shortened.
[Eq. (4.6)] Please spell out the arithmetic leading to C = 7πN/16. A reader who substitutes the standard T^{1,1} value V = 16/27 into the formula for V quoted in Appendix A.2, together with R_E⁴ = 4πN V, does not reproduce this number from 4R_E⁴·(5/243). Either the convention for V or R_E⁴ differs from the standard one, or an intermediate factor has been absorbed; stating which would let the reader check the coefficient.
[§3.3, Eq. (3.21) and footnote 15] The argument that C₆ − B∧C₄ vanishes rests on the observation that the two terms on the right of (3.21) have the same functional form and so must cancel, since otherwise the exterior derivative would be non-zero. That reasoning excludes a non-zero coefficient multiplying a closed form. Since the vanishing of this combination is used to drop the Wess-Zumino term in the D5 action (3.22), a direct verification of the cancellation, or a sentence excluding a closed contribution, would make the argument airtight.
[§3.4, Eqs. (3.24)-(3.29)] For σ ≠ 0 the solution (3.24) is obtained by an SL(3,R) transformation and is not separately shown to solve the IIB equations of motion or to preserve the N=1 supersymmetry. A sentence stating that both follow from the SL(3,R) construction, or a check of one component equation, would remove the ambiguity.
[§1 and §2] A few typographical slips: 'I section five we present' in §1, 'we give present classical string solutions' in the §1 summary of Appendix B, and 'It to be of the form' in the sentence introducing Eq. (2.10).

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

The paper

The paper claims

The gravity dual of the marginal $U(1)��U(1)$-preserving $��$ deformation of $��=4$ super Yang-Mills is obtained by a single $SL(2,��)$ transformation acting on the complexified two-torus modulus, and the same move deforms the conifold, tor

The reading

The paper asks a narrow but load-bearing question: if a four-dimensional gauge theory is deformed by inserting phases into the lagrangian according to the $U(1)��U(1)$ charges of its fields — the so-called $��$ deformation — what is the ten-dimensional geometry dual to it? Lunin and Maldacena answer by noticing that the deformation acts on the complexified two-form modulus $�� = B + i��g$ of the two-torus swept out by the two global symmetries exactly as the $SL(2,��)$ transformation $�� /(1+�á�)$ acts. Because that transformation reduces to the identity wherever the torus shrinks to zero size, the deformed metric inherits the regularity of the original one, so no new singularity is introduced. If correct, the result hands over exact duals for a whole family of conformal and non-conformal theories — $��=4$ Yang-Mills, the conifold, toric singularities, the cascading theory — without solving any equations of motion. The authors flag the one step they cannot derive: applying the constant-field star-product prescription pointwise to fields that vary in spacetime, which they explicitly call a conjecture.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the complexified modulus $�� = B + i��g$ of the two-torus, together with the eight-dimensional $SL(2,��)$ symmetry of the torus reduction that acts on it. The paper identifies the field-theory deformation with the specific element $�� /(1+�á�)$, and separately identifies the open-string combination $(g+B)^{-1} �� 1/��$ of Seiberg-Witten, so that under the same transformation $1/�� 1/�� + ��$: the deformation is exactly the introduction of a noncommutativity parameter $��_{12} = ��$ in a star product, while the open-string metric is untouched. That star-product reading is what makes the deformation marginal at leading order in $N$ (planar diagrams are unchanged) and what lets the same recipe be applied to any background with two geometrically realized $U(1)$ isometries.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that the gravity dual of the $��$-deformed theory is obtained by the solution-generating transformation $�� _�� = ��/(1+�á�)$, where $�� = B_{12} + i��g$ is the complexified K��hler modulus of the two-torus on which the two global $U(1)$ symmetries act as shifts. The authors argue this is the only $SL(2,��)$ element with the property that $��_�� = �� + O(��^2)$ near $�� 0$, so wherever the original torus contracted the deformed ten-dimensional metric is the same as the original non-singular one. Applied to $AdS_5 �� S^5$, the transformation produces an explicit metric with $G^{-1} = 1 + ��^2(��_1^2��_2^2 + ��_2^2��_3^2 + ��_1^2��_3^2)$, a dilaton $e^{2��} = e^{2��_0}G$, a nonzero $B_{NS}$ on the torus and a modified $C_4$, valid in the regime $R�� 1$, $R �� 1$. The same prescription is then applied to the conifold, to general toric (Sasaki-Einstein) backgrounds, to the cascading Klebanov-Strassler solution, and, via a three-torus and an $SL(2,��)$ acting on $C_{123} + i��G$, to $AdS_4 �� S^7$ in eleven dimensions.

Load-bearing premise

Identifying the transformed geometry with the $��$-deformed theory assumes that the Seiberg-Witten star-product formula, derived for constant metric and $B$ field, can be applied pointwise where those fields vary over spacetime — a step the authors themselves label a conjecture rather than a derivation.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

An explicit, non-singular ten-dimensional background for the $��$-deformed $��=4$ theory is written down, with the deformation parameter entering only through the function $G^{-1} = 1+��^2(��_1^2��_2^2+��_2^2��_3^2+��_1^2��_3^2)$ multiplying the torus directions.
At rational $�� = m/n$ the deformed solution is $SL(2,��)$-equivalent to a $Z_n �� Z_n$ orbifold with discrete torsion of the original torus, giving a weakly coupled alternative description of the same physics.
New Coulomb-branch branches appear at rational points: when $n(��,��)$ is a lattice vector, $n$ D3-branes can puff into a toroidal $(p,q)$ fivebrane, and the chiral ring gains single-trace operators with $J_1 = J_2 = J_3 \bmod n$.
The same transformation yields deformed duals for the conifold superpotential $\mathrm{Tr}[e^{i�С�}A^+B^+A^-B^- - e^{-i�С�}A^-B^+A^+B^-]$, for $Y^{p,q}$ spaces, and for the cascading Klebanov-Strassler background, where the deformation survives into the infrared and deforms the three-sphere.
The Zamolodchikov metric for the marginal deformations is read off from the $SL(3,��)/SO(3)$ coset, giving $\frac{N^2}{16��^2}\int [\partial��_s\partial\bar��_s/��_{2s}^2 + C|\partial�� - ��_s\partial��|^2/��_{2s}]$ with $C = ��N$ for $\mathcal{N}=4$ and $C = 7��N/16$ for the conifold.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Because the map is a symmetry of the dimensionally reduced theory, essentially every quantity protected by that symmetry — the Zamolodchikov metric, the BPS spectrum, the pp-wave limit — is inherited rather than recomputed; this suggests the deformation is unusually rigid, with no new dynamics generated at leading order in $N$.
The recipe only needs two commuting geometric isometries, so it should extend to non-compact shift symmetries and to plane-wave backgrounds, potentially producing a large family of exactly solvable string backgrounds beyond the compact torus cases treated here.
The rational-$��$ orbifold equivalence offers a non-perturbative check that does not rely on the pointwise star-product conjecture: in the regime where both the orbifold and the field theory are weakly coupled, the D-brane and discrete-torsion spectra should match level by level.
The stated validity condition $R�� 1$ means the supergravity solution degrades as the deformation grows, so the strong-deformation regime is only reachable through the dual orbifold or another description; this bounds how much of the $��$ plane the construction actually covers.

Original abstract

We find the gravity dual of a marginal deformation of ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang Mills, and discuss some of its properties. This deformation is intimately connected with an $SL(2,R)$ symmetry of the gravity theory. The $SL(2,R)$ transformation enables us to find the solutions in a simple way. These field theory deformations, sometimes called $\beta$ deformations, can be viewed as arising from a star product. Our method works for any theory that has a gravity dual with a $U(1)\times U(1)$ global symmetry which is realized geometrically. These include the field theories that live on D3 branes at the conifold or other toric singularities, as well as their cascading versions.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,859 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.29 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.01 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.03 · compares with prior results 0.12 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v4. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We find the gravity dual of a marginal deformation of ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang Mills, and discuss some of its properties. This deformation is intimately connected with an $SL(2,R)$ symmetry of the gravity theory. The $SL(2,R)$ transformation enables us to find the solutions in a simple way. These field theory deformations, sometimes called $\beta$ deformations, can be viewed as arising from a star product. Our method works for any theory that has a gravity dual with a $U(1)\times U(1)$ global symmetry which is realized geometrically. These include the field theories that live on D3 branes at the conifold or other toric singularities, as well as their cascading versions.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We find the gravity dual of a marginal deformation of ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang Mills, and discuss some of its properties.	contribution 0.69	0.95	0.77	asserted 1.00
s1	This deformation is intimately connected with an $SL(2,R)$ symmetry of the gravity theory.	result 0.58	0.55	0.12	asserted 1.00
s2	The $SL(2,R)$ transformation enables us to find the solutions in a simple way.	method 0.98	0.69	0.07	asserted 1.00
s3	These field theory deformations, sometimes called $\beta$ deformations, can be viewed as arising from a star product.	interpretation 0.63	0.15	0.07	hedged possibility 0.61
s4	Our method works for any theory that has a gravity dual with a $U(1)\times U(1)$ global symmetry which is realized geometrically.	contribution 0.58	0.71	0.18	asserted 0.99
s5	These include the field theories that live on D3 branes at the conifold or other toric singularities, as well as their cascading versions.	contribution 0.33	0.21	0.05	asserted 0.99

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.79 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.99.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v4

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

References

Works cited (58)

[17]

V. Niarchos and N. Prezas, JHEP 0306, 015 (2003) [arXiv:hep-th/0212111]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2003
[45]

I. R. Klebanov, W. I. Taylor and M. Van Raamsdonk, Nucl. P hys. B 560, 207 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9905174]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[27]

T. Filk, Phys. Lett. B 376, 53 (1996)

View on Pith 1996
[1]

J. M. Maldacena, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998) [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 1113 (1999)] [arXiv:hep-th/9711200]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[2]

S. S. Gubser, I. R. Klebanov and A. M. Polyakov, Phys. Lett . B 428, 105 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802109]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[3]

E. Witten, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 253 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802150]. 31

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[4]

A. Parkes and P. C. West, Phys. Lett. B 138, 99 (1984). P. C. West, Phys. Lett. B 137, 371 (1984). D. R. T. Jones and L. Mezincescu, Phys. Lett. B 138, 293 (1984). S. Hamidi, J. Patera and J. H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B 141, 349 (1984). S. Hamidi and J. H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B 147, 301 (1984). W. Lucha and H. Neufeld, Phys. Lett. B 174, 186 (1986). D. R. ...

View on Pith 1984
[5]

R. G. Leigh and M. J. Strassler, Nucl. Phys. B 447, 95 (1995) [arXiv:hep-th/9503121]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1995
[6]

A. Connes, M. R. Douglas and A. Schwarz, JHEP 9802, 003 (1998) [arXiv:hep- th/9711162]

View on Pith 1998
[7]

N. Seiberg and E. Witten, JHEP 9909, 032 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9908142]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[8]

D. Berenstein and R. G. Leigh, JHEP 0001, 038 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/0001055]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000
[9]

D. Berenstein, V. Jejjala and R. G. Leigh, Nucl. Phys. B 589, 196 (2000) [arXiv:hep- th/0005087]

View on Pith 2000
[10]

D. Berenstein, V. Jejjala and R. G. Leigh, Phys. Lett. B 493, 162 (2000) [arXiv:hep- th/0006168]

View on Pith 2000
[11]

N. Dorey, T. J. Hollowood and S. P. Kumar, JHEP 0212, 003 (2002) [arXiv:hep- th/0210239]

View on Pith 2002
[12]

O. Aharony and S. S. Razamat, JHEP 0205, 029 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0204045]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002
[13]

N. Dorey, JHEP 0407, 016 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0406104]. N. Dorey, JHEP 0408, 043 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0310117]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004
[14]

N. Dorey and T. J. Hollowood, arXiv:hep-th/0411163

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[15]

F. Benini, JHEP 0412, 068 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0411057]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004
[16]

T. J. Hollowood and S. Prem Kumar, JHEP 0412, 034 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0407029]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004
[18]

I. R. Klebanov and E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 536, 199 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9807080]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[19]

C. P. Herzog, I. R. Klebanov and P. Ouyang, arXiv:hep-th /0205100

View on Pith
[20]

S. Benvenuti and A. Hanany, arXiv:hep-th/0502043

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[21]

S. Benvenuti, S. Franco, A. Hanany, D. Martelli and J. Sp arks, arXiv:hep-th/0411264. M. Bertolini, F. Bigazzi and A. L. Cotrone, JHEP 0412, 024 (2004) [arXiv:hep- th/0411249]. 32

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004
[22]

D. Martelli and J. Sparks, arXiv:hep-th/0411238

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[23]

I. R. Klebanov and M. J. Strassler, JHEP 0008, 052 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/0007191]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000
[24]

See for example the review: G. T. Horowitz, arXiv:hep-t h/9210119

View on Pith
[25]

F. Dowker, J. P. Gauntlett, S. B. Giddings and G. T. Horow itz, Phys. Rev. D 50, 2662 (1994) [arXiv:hep-th/9312172]. F. Dowker, J. P. Gaunt lett, D. A. Kastor and J. H. Traschen, Phys. Rev. D 49, 2909 (1994) [arXiv:hep-th/9309075]. F. Dowker, J. P. Gauntlett, G. W. Gibbons and G. T. Horowitz, Phys. Rev. D 52, 6929 (1995) [arXiv:hep-th/9507143]. M. S. Cost...

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1994
[26]

J. G. Russo and A. A. Tseytlin, Nucl. Phys. B 448, 293 (1995) [arXiv:hep-th/9411099]. Nucl. Phys. B 449, 91 (1995) [arXiv:hep-th/9502038]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1995
[28]

A. Bergman and O. J. Ganor, JHEP 0010, 018 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/0008030]. K. Das- gupta, O. J. Ganor and G. Rajesh, JHEP 0104, 034 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0010072]. A. Bergman, K. Dasgupta, O. J. Ganor, J. L. Karczmarek and G. R ajesh, Phys. Rev. D 65, 066005 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0103090]. M. Alishahiha and O. J. Ganor, JHEP 0303, 006 (2003) [arXiv:hep-th/0301080]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000
[29]

A. Sen, arXiv:hep-th/0410103

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[30]

M. R. Douglas, arXiv:hep-th/9807235. M. R. Douglas and B. Fiol, arXiv:hep- th/9903031

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[31]

N. Itzhaki, J. M. Maldacena, J. Sonnenschein and S. Yank ielowicz, Phys. Rev. D 58, 046004 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802042]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[32]

K. A. Intriligator, Nucl. Phys. B 551, 575 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9811047]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[33]

R. C. Myers, JHEP 9912, 022 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9910053]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[34]

R. Dijkgraaf and C. Vafa, arXiv:hep-th/0208048

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[35]

O. Aharony, B. Kol and S. Yankielowicz, JHEP 0206, 039 (2002) [arXiv:hep- th/0205090]

View on Pith 2002
[36]

A. Fayyazuddin and S. Mukhopadhyay, arXiv:hep-th/020 4056

View on Pith
[37]

J. Polchinski and M. J. Strassler, arXiv:hep-th/00031 36

View on Pith
[38]

A. Hashimoto and N. Itzhaki, Phys. Lett. B 465, 142 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9907166]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[39]

J. M. Maldacena and J. G. Russo, JHEP 9909, 025 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9908134]. 33

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[40]

S. Frolov and A. A. Tseytlin, Nucl. Phys. B 668, 77 (2003) [arXiv:hep-th/0304255]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2003
[41]

H. Lin, O. Lunin and J. Maldacena, JHEP 0410, 025 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0409174]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004
[42]

S. S. Gubser and I. R. Klebanov, Phys. Lett. B 413, 41 (1997) [arXiv:hep-th/9708005]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1997
[43]

M. Blau, J. Figueroa-O’Farrill, C. Hull and G. Papadopo ulos, Class. Quant. Grav. 19, L87 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0201081]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002
[44]

D. Berenstein, J. M. Maldacena and H. Nastase, JHEP 0204, 013 (2002) [arXiv:hep- th/0202021]

View on Pith 2002
[46]

A. Santambrogio and D. Zanon, Phys. Lett. B 545, 425 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0206079]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002
[47]

L. A. Pando Zayas and J. Sonnenschein, JHEP 0205, 010 (2002) [arXiv:hep- th/0202186]

View on Pith 2002
[48]

R. Roiban, JHEP 0409, 023 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0312218]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004
[49]

D. Berenstein and S. A. Cherkis, Nucl. Phys. B 702, 49 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0405215]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004
[50]

S. S. Razamat, arXiv:hep-th/0204043

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[51]

R. Corrado and N. Halmagyi, arXiv:hep-th/0401141

View on Pith Pith review arXiv
[52]

S. S. Gubser, Phys. Rev. D 59, 025006 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9807164]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[53]

A. Ceresole, G. Dall’Agata, R. D’Auria and S. Ferrara, C lass. Quant. Grav. 17, 1017 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/9910066]. A. Ceresole, G. Dall’Agat a and R. D’Auria, JHEP 9911, 009 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9907216]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000
[54]

J. P. Gauntlett, D. Martelli, J. Sparks and D. Waldram, C lass. Quant. Grav. 21, 4335 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0402153]. J. P. Gauntlett, D. Martel li, J. Sparks and D. Waldram, arXiv:hep-th/0403002

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004
[55]

A. Salam and E. Sezgin, Nucl. Phys. B 258, 284 (1985)

View on Pith 1985
[56]

E. Bergshoeﬀ, U. Gran, R. Linares, M. Nielsen, T. Ortin a nd D. Roest, Class. Quant. Grav. 21, S1501 (2004). E. Bergshoeﬀ, U. Gran, R. Linares, M. Nielsen , T. Ortin and D. Roest, Class. Quant. Grav. 20, 3997 (2003) [arXiv:hep-th/0306179]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004
[57]

R. Minasian and D. Tsimpis, Nucl. Phys. B 572, 499 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/9911042]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000
[58]

B. Kol, JHEP 0209, 046 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0205141]. 34

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002

Forward citations

Showing 60 of 92 Pith papers that cite this

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. See all 92 Pith citations

Asymptotic T-duality in three dimensions
hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

By applying Buscher T-duality rules asymptotically to Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions, the authors construct a phase space for three-dimensional black strings whose asymptotic symmetry algebra contains bms2, bms3, ...
An integrable deformation of the AdS_5 x S^5 superstring action
hep-th 2013-09 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

A one-parameter deformation of the AdS5 x S5 superstring action is presented that preserves integrability, with an explicit Lax connection and kappa-symmetry, and reduces to the standard Metsaev-Tseytlin action when t...
The Veneziano Limit of N=2 Superconformal QCD: Towards the String Dual of N=2 SU(N_c) SYM with N_f =2 N_c
hep-th 2009-12 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

The flavor-singlet sector of N=2 superconformal QCD in the Veneziano limit is conjectured to be dual to a sub-critical string background with seven geometric dimensions, AdS5 times a circle, supported by an index comp...
A new perspective on non-commutative deformations of field and gauge theories
hep-th 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Star products built from active symmetry transformations give gauge-invariant non-commutative theories under a weakened unimodularity condition, with a planar equivalence theorem keeping internal Feynman structure undeformed.
$J\bar{J}$-deformation as a Riemann bilinear dressing
hep-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

Reformulates J bar J deformation in CFTs as Riemann-bilinear operator dressing that preserves modular properties on Riemann surfaces and matches bare/renormalized perturbation theory.

Show 55 more citing papers

Poly-vector deformations of heterotic supergravity solutions
hep-th 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

Bi- and uni-vector deformations of heterotic supergravity solutions are constructed using gauged double field theory together with a generalized open/closed map.
Integrable systems: From the ice rule to supersymmetric fishnet Feynman diagrams
hep-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A dissertation extends the integrability correspondence between lattice models and fishnet Feynman graphs to fermionic, supersymmetric, and boundary cases, yielding new exact critical couplings and a conjectured box p...
Interpolating families of integrable AdS3 backgrounds
hep-th 2025-02 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

New TsT-based integrable deformations interpolate between AdS3×S3×S3×S1 and AdS3×S3×S2×T2 or AdS3×S2×S2×T3 while preserving half the supersymmetry.
Circle compactifications of Minkowski$_D$ solutions, flux vacua and solitonic branes
hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A 'supersymmetry generating' circle compactification technique for type II supergravity is derived and applied to construct new Minkowski flux vacua and generalized solitonic branes.
A CFT Distance Conjecture
hep-th 2020-11 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Infinite-distance limits of conformal manifolds are conjectured to always host an emergent higher-spin symmetry whose currents' anomalous dimensions decay exponentially with distance, with a matching statement for hig...
Twistor fishnets
hep-th 2019-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Fishnet theory is recast on twistor space with an abelian gauge symmetry, yielding manifestly conformal cohomological amplitude formulae.
Traintracks Through Calabi-Yaus: Amplitudes Beyond Elliptic Polylogarithms
hep-th 2018-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A family of L-loop Feynman integrals is shown to involve elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau varieties, a K3 at three loops and a Calabi-Yau threefold at four loops, and to contribute to planar N=4 SYM amplitudes.
Strongly \gamma-deformed N=4 SYM as an integrable CFT
hep-th 2017-11 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The double-scaling limit of gamma-deformed planar N=4 SYM, with tuned double-trace counter-terms, is argued to be a genuine non-unitary conformal field theory with exactly computable conformal data.
Target space supergeometry of $\eta$ and $\lambda$-deformed strings
hep-th 2016-08 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The η-deformation of the AdS5×S5 superstring yields a genuine string theory only when its R-matrix satisfies a unimodularity condition, while the λ-deformation always does.
Yang-Baxter deformations, AdS/CFT, and twist-noncommutative gauge theory
hep-th 2015-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations of the AdS5 x S5 string are Drinfeld twists of the symmetry algebra, and their gauge duals are conjectured to be twist-noncommutative N=4 SYM, with brane-construction support for t...
Non-conformality of gamma_i-deformed N=4 SYM theory
hep-th 2013-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The gamma_i-deformed N=4 SYM theory is not conformally invariant: a double-trace coupling has a one-loop beta function that is a sum of squares and cannot be cancelled by any allowed multi-trace extension.
N=2 supersymmetric AdS_4 solutions of M-theory
hep-th 2012-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The most general N=2 supersymmetric AdS_4 backgrounds of M-theory are classified via a local SU(2)-structure, and a new warped AdS_4 x S^7 solution dual to a cubic deformation is found numerically.
TBA, NLO Luscher correction, and double wrapping in twisted AdS/CFT
hep-th 2011-08 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

Two independent finite-volume methods, Lüscher corrections and the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, agree exactly for the ground-state energy of twisted AdS/CFT, yielding the first double-wrapping correction and a six-loop...
Superconductors from Superstrings
hep-th 2009-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A consistent truncation of type IIB supergravity on Sasaki-Einstein five-manifolds shows that a dimension-3, R-charge-2 chiral primary condenses below T about 0.0607 times the chemical potential, breaking the U(1) R-s...
The gauge dual of Romans mass
hep-th 2009-01 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The Romans mass F0 of massive IIA on AdS4 x CP3 equals the sum of the two Chern-Simons levels of the dual ABJM-like field theory.
The AdS5xS5 Superstring in Light-Cone Gauge and its Bethe Equations
hep-th 2006-03 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

Frolov, Plefka and Zamaklar derive an exact uniform light-cone gauge-fixed action for the AdS5xS5 superstring and propose a new, compact set of light-cone Bethe equations for its quantum spectrum.
Gauge Theories from Toric Geometry and Brane Tilings
hep-th 2005-05 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

Toric data of a Calabi-Yau cone fixes the multiplicities, baryon and flavour charges and superpotential of the dual quiver gauge theory, and the theories for the L^{a,b,c} family are encoded by hexagonal brane tilings.
Boundary-Value Problem in Type IIB Supergravity and Holography
hep-th 2026-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A variational boundary-term prescription for type IIB supergravity actions reproduces known holographic free energies in fixed-charge ensembles and rederives a recent topological correction.
Target-space fusion of classical topological defects
hep-th 2026-08 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Classical fusion of sigma-model defects is formulated as target-space descent of curvature and connection data, yielding known biconjugacy and fibre-shift branches and new TsT and T-dual biconjugacy defects.
Non-abelian uni-vector deformations in gauged supergravities and non-abelian Einstein-Maxwell theories
hep-th 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Non-abelian uni-vector deformations are constructed for Einstein-Maxwell theories and gauged supergravities, with explicit examples and a diffeomorphism interpretation in the parent general relativity theory.
Double-Current Deformations of Two-Dimensional QFTs with Anomalies
hep-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

Extends double-current deformations to anomalous 2D QFTs via dynamical gauge and Stueckelberg couplings, producing an anomaly-preserving holonomy integral kernel that Gaussian-transforms the compact boson partition function.
An integrable deformed Landau-Lifshitz model with particle production?
hep-th 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The Class 5 spin chain's continuum limit is a non-unitary deformed Landau-Lifshitz model with a conserved-charge tower and a soft 1-to-2 S-matrix.
On integrability of tri-vector deformed Type II string
hep-th 2025-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Poincaré sections and Lyapunov exponents for particular string embeddings survive tri-vector deformation of AdS4 times CP3, indicating possible classical integrability.
Thermodynamics of integrable N=2 theories, squared
hep-th 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The FPS model's massive sector has UV central charge c=6(1-1/k), its massless sectors contribute c=N_0+2, so doubling the supersymmetry does not double the central charge.
Evidence for a $4$-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ integrable quiver in massive type IIA
hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Only the sinusoidal quiver α(z)=A sin(ωz) in the new massive type IIA AdS5 family shows no chaotic signatures, providing suggestive evidence for its classical integrability.
Particle production in a light-cone gauge fixed Jordanian deformation of $AdS_5\times S^5$
hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In the light-cone gauge-fixed Jordanian deformation of AdS5×S5, on-shell cubic vertices produce nonzero 1-to-2 and 2-to-1 scattering processes, indicating particle production.
Beta-deformation in Twistor-String Theory
hep-th 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Ghost-number-two BRST states of the B-model on CP^{3|4} realize the beta deformation of N=4 super-Yang-Mills and deform the action by a current-current term.
Yangian Form-alism for Planar Gauge Theories
hep-th 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

In planar N=4 SYM, the Yangian symmetries of the action in beta/gamma-deformed theories are exactly those uncharged under the twist, though the equations of motion are fully covariant.
The non-integrability of $L^{a,b,c}$ quiver gauge theories
hep-th 2020-09 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

A wrapped string in AdS5 x L^{a,b,c} has no Liouvillian fluctuation solutions, indicating the dual quiver gauge theories are non-integrable.
Ehlers as EM duality in the double copy
hep-th 2019-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

For stationary spacetimes with a Killing direction, the Ehlers transformation of the 3D sigma-model is identified with electromagnetic duality of the single-copy Maxwell field, via an explicit map between fluxes and scalars.
TsT, $T\bar{T}$ and black strings
hep-th 2019-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

TsT transformations of BTZ times S3 reproduce the spectrum, entropy, and critical deformation parameter of single-trace T-Tbar-deformed CFTs, with the Horne-Horowitz and Giveon-Itzhaki-Kutasov black strings appearing ...
Classical Spectral Curve of the AdS_5 x S^5 Lambda Superstring
hep-th 2019-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The classical spectral curve of the lambda-deformed AdS5 x S5 superstring is constructed and identified with the semiclassical limit of XXZ-type Bethe ansatz equations for PSU(2,2|4).
$T\bar{T}$ deformations as TsT transformations
hep-th 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

T\bar{T} deformations of string worldsheet theories are equivalent to TsT transformations in the T-dual static-gauge frame, with the T\bar{T} CDD factor realized as a Drinfel'd-Reshetikhin twist of the S-matrix.
Systematics of consistent truncations from generalised geometry
hep-th 2019-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

A generalised-geometry criterion, singlet intrinsic torsion of a reduced structure group, systematically produces consistent Kaluza-Klein truncations, yielding new type IIB and M-theory reductions to five-dimensional ...
Holographic integration of $T \bar{T}$ and $J \bar{T}$ via $O(d,d)$
hep-th 2018-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The finite form of single-trace TTbar and JTbar deformations of 2D CFTs is an O(d,d) transformation of the dual string worldsheet, generalizing the Yang-Baxter and TsT classes.
On non-abelian T-duality and deformations of supercoset string sigma-models
hep-th 2017-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Deformed T-dual supercoset sigma models are Weyl invariant if and only if the dualised subalgebra is unimodular, and their target-space superfields, including RR fluxes, are derived.
Homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations as generalized diffeomorphisms
hep-th 2017-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations of string backgrounds are shown, for the cases checked, to be beta-field twists realizable as generalized diffeomorphisms in double field theory.
Conformal Twists, Yang-Baxter $\sigma$-models & Holographic Noncommutativity
hep-th 2017-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

For every homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformation of AdS5, the open-string metric is undeformed AdS5 with constant coupling, and the noncommutativity tensor equals minus twice the deformation parameter times the r-matrix.
Yang-Baxter $\sigma$-models, conformal twists, and noncommutative Yang-Mills theory
hep-th 2017-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

For homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations of AdS5, the open-string metric is undeformed AdS5 with constant coupling, and the noncommutative parameter equals the r-matrix, identifying the deformation as a conformal-alge...
Chiral limit of N = 4 SYM and ABJM and integrable Feynman graphs
hep-th 2016-12 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Taking a combined weak-coupling, large-imaginary-twist limit of gamma-deformed N=4 SYM and ABJM yields chiral non-gauge theories with doubly-scaled Bethe equations that constrain five-loop Feynman integrals.
Integrable deformations of T-dual $\sigma$ models
hep-th 2016-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Deforming the non-abelian T-dual of a sigma model by a 2-cocycle produces integrable models that are field-redefinition-equivalent to homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations when the cocycle is invertible.
Homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations as non-abelian duals of the AdS_5 sigma-model
hep-th 2016-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations of the AdS5 sigma-model are shown, example by example, to coincide with non-abelian duals of the undeformed model with respect to subgroups read off from the r-matrix.
Abelian Yang-Baxter Deformations and TsT transformations
hep-th 2016-08 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Abelian Yang-Baxter deformations of superstring coset sigma models are proved equivalent to commuting sequences of T dualities and coordinate shifts (TsT transformations), with a fermionic extension and a full classif...
Scale invariance of the eta-deformed AdS5 x S5 superstring, T-duality and modified type II equations
hep-th 2015-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The eta-deformed AdS5 x S5 background is scale invariant on a flat worldsheet and obeys a Killing-vector-modified version of the type IIB supergravity equations, traced by T-duality to a solution with a linear dilaton.
T-system on T-hook: Grassmannian Solution and Twisted Quantum Spectral Curve
hep-th 2015-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A Grassmannian exterior-form formalism solves the Hirota T-system on T-hooks and yields a twisted Quantum Spectral Curve that reproduces the gamma-twisted BMN vacuum energy at single-wrapping order.
Integrable $\lambda$-deformations: Squashing Coset CFTs and $AdS_5\times S^5$
hep-th 2015-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The λ-deformation of the SO(6)/SO(5) coset CFT is shown to be a tangent-space squashing, and combined with its non-compact partner it yields a type IIB supergravity solution with self-dual five-form flux.
Supersymmetry and non-Abelian T-duality in type II supergravity
hep-th 2014-09 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Supersymmetry preservation under Abelian and SU(2) non-Abelian T-duality is governed by the Kosmann spinorial Lie derivative, which vanishes exactly when the original Killing spinors are independent of the T-duality d...
Derivation of the action and symmetries of the q-deformed AdS_5 x S^5 superstring
hep-th 2014-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The authors derive the q-deformed AdS5xS5 superstring action from a Hamiltonian deformation and show its psu(2,2|4) symmetry becomes a classical quantum group U_q(psu(2,2|4)) with q = exp(-2eta(1-eta^2)/(1+eta^2)^2).
On deformations of AdS_n x S^n supercosets
hep-th 2014-03 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The kappa-deformed AdS5 x S5 supercoset is shown to interpolate between AdS5 x S5 and a T-dual dS5 x H5, and its kappa = i limit reproduces the Pohlmeyer reduction of the undeformed superstring.
S-matrix for strings on $\eta$-deformed AdS5 x S5
hep-th 2013-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The bosonic world-sheet S-matrix of the eta-deformed AdS5 x S5 superstring matches the large-tension limit of the q-deformed S-matrix when q = exp(-nu/g) with nu = 2 eta/(1+eta^2).
Non-Abelian T-duality and the AdS/CFT correspondence:new N=1 backgrounds
hep-th 2013-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Non-Abelian T-duality along an SU(2) isometry maps five known N=1 type IIB backgrounds to new massive IIA geometries whose central charges and entanglement entropies match the originals up to an unfixed constant.
The Spectrum of Strings on Warped AdS_3 x S^3
hep-th 2012-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The warped AdS3 x S3 string worldsheet is shown to be a spectral flow of the undeformed theory, yielding an exact formula for the massive string spectrum.
The classical origin of quantum affine algebra in squashed sigma models
hep-th 2012-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The Poisson brackets of the level 0 and plus or minus 1 conserved charges in the squashed-sphere sigma model satisfy the Drinfeld first realization of the quantum affine algebra Uq(sl(2)) at the classical level.
Warped AdS3/Dipole-CFT Duality
hep-th 2011-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Warped AdS3 geometries obtained by a null dipole deformation of the D1-D5 system are proposed to be dual to nonlocal dipole CFTs, with an entropy density that is independent of the deformation parameter.
Chiral Scale and Conformal Invariance in 2D Quantum Field Theory
hep-th 2011-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Chiral scale invariance plus translations in two dimensions forces a left conformal symmetry, with right translations enhancing to either a right conformal symmetry or a left U(1) current algebra.

See all 92 Pith citations

How later papers used it

257 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 253 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 47 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 40 of the 539 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

6 later papers by other authors are listed below: 3 used its method or tool, 1 compared its own results with it and 2 cited it as support.

Uses its method or tool 3 of 25 papers with this label

In this work we will use TsT transformations [ref] and the analog to eleven dimensions [ref] in order to generate a larger class of warped AdS$_3$ supersymmetric solutions.

Marginal deformations of a class of AdS$_3$ $\mathcal{N}=(0,4)$ holographic backgrounds (2021) · Introduction and summary · 1.00
We then introduce the holographic dual of a marginal deformation by performing the TsT transformation discussed in [ref] .

Marginal deformations from type IIA supergravity (2021) · Supergravity · 0.98
This procedure is guaranteed to map solutions to solutions [ref] but one ought to be careful in the choice of U(1)s if one is to preserve supersymmetry or at least a fraction of the original one.

On deformations of AdS$_3$ solutions, supersymmetry and $G$-structures (2025) · New supersymmetric AdS$_3$ solutions via deformations · 0.90

Compares with it 1 of 17 papers with this label

Checked that its expression for the three-form fluxes, using its frame for S^5 and taking a real γ, reproduces those in this paper's first-order β-deformed solution.

Exactly marginal deformations from exceptional generalised geometry (2016) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

Cites it as support 2 of 3 papers with this label

Said the stability of its brane configuration for any deformation parameter value follows from this paper's point that TsT transformations do not affect the BPS nature of the original brane system.

Mesons in marginally deformed AdS/CFT (2007) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Justified its approach by recalling this paper's result that the star-product deformation from the TsT transformation leaves the planar sector of the theory unchanged.

Conformal non-relativistic hydrodynamics from gravity (2008) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

236 arXiv papers cite this in 503 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 301 sentences without a confident label

Builds on it 12 papers

Here we present further analysis of this system for stability of the tori against particular tri-vector deformations: the abelian $U(1)^3$ deformation constructed in [ref] and the non-abelian $PPM$ deformation constructed in [ref] .

On integrability of tri-vector deformed Type II string · Introduction · 0.88
We first analyse space-time filling static D-brane probes, easily extending the results of [ref] to a generic Calabi-Yau background.

On the geometry and the moduli space of beta-deformed quiver gauge theories · D3 and D5 probes · 0.96
This solution was obtained by taking the Baryonic twist solution for $Y^p,q$ found in [ref] and further elucidated in [ref] and performing a beta deformation [ref] along the two directions of the two-torus in the geometry.

$\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ AdS$_3$ Solutions of Type IIB and F-theory with Generic Fluxes · A representative solution of the general case · 0.92

Uses its method or tool 24 papers

Essentially, it is the method, described by Lunin and Maldacena [ref] .

M-Theory Brane Deformations · Deformation method · 0.99
In this work we will use TsT transformations [ref] and the analog to eleven dimensions [ref] in order to generate a larger class of warped AdS$_3$ supersymmetric solutions.

Marginal deformations of a class of AdS$_3$ $\mathcal{N}=(0,4)$ holographic backgrounds · Introduction and summary · 1.00
The method used in [ref] to generate their solutions was to act with an element of the symmetry group of supergravity $O(6,6)$ that does not belong to the stabilizer (isomorphic to $O(6)×O(6)$) of the initial solution.

Generalized Kaehler Potentials from Supergravity · T–duality and bivector action · 0.85

Compares with it 15 papers

The solution is purely NS (we call it LM–NS solution from now on) and is very similar in form to another solution in [ref] ; this one has RR fields too, and we will call it simply LM solution.

Generalized Kaehler Potentials from Supergravity · A special case: Lunin–Maldacena NS solution · 0.90
For each of these ten-dimensional solutions, there are consistent truncations down to gauged supergravity in three dimensions, and unlike in [ref] , the scalar modes dual to the operators in the conformal manifold can already be captured within an appropriate truncation [ref] .

On non-supersymmetric stable marginal deformations in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ · Introduction · 0.92
One can check that using the frame for $Y^p,q$ given in [ref] and taking ([ref]), our expression ([ref]) reproduces the three-form fluxes that appear in the first-order $β$-deformed solution [ref] .

Exactly marginal deformations from exceptional generalised geometry · Y(p,q) gauge theories · 0.84

Cites it as support 3 papers

The stability of our brane configuration for any value of the deformation parameters then follows from the fact that $TsT$ transformations do not affect the BPS nature of the original brane system [ref] (see also [ref] ).

Mesons in marginally deformed AdS/CFT · The embedding of D7–branes · 0.99
Hence it is regular as well, as discussed from the metric point of view in [ref] .

On the geometry and the moduli space of beta-deformed quiver gauge theories · The $β$-deformed pure spinors · 0.97
This can be justified by recalling that for superconformal field theories with gauge group of rank $N$, the star-product deformation resulting from the TsT transformation leaves the planar sector of the theory unchanged [ref] .

Conformal non-relativistic hydrodynamics from gravity · Discussion · 0.99

Cites it as background 100 papers

The gravitational dual of the $β$-deformed $=4$ super Yang-Mills theory was derived by Lunin and Maldacena in [ref] in the $=1$ supersymmetry preserving case $γ_1=γ_2=γ_3$ and generalized by Frolov in [ref] to arbitrary deformation parameters $γ_1$, $γ_2$ and $γ_3$.

Examples of Emergent Type IIB Backgrounds from Matrices · The dual to the $β$-deformed theory · 0.87
The type IIB supergravity solution that is dual to the $β$-deformation of $=4$ super Yang Mills was found in [ref] .

Near BPS Wilson Loop in beta-deformed Theories · The Lunin-Maldacena Background · 0.94
In [ref] , Lunin and Maldacena constructed such a dual background for any complex $q$, for $h=0$ and for $κ$ obeying [ref].

The dual string sigma-model of the SU_q(3) sector · Introduction · 0.85

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

[1] [17]

V. Niarchos and N. Prezas, JHEP 0306, 015 (2003) [arXiv:hep-th/0212111]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2003

[2] [45]

I. R. Klebanov, W. I. Taylor and M. Van Raamsdonk, Nucl. P hys. B 560, 207 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9905174]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[3] [27]

T. Filk, Phys. Lett. B 376, 53 (1996)

View on Pith 1996

[4] [1]

J. M. Maldacena, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998) [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 1113 (1999)] [arXiv:hep-th/9711200]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[5] [2]

S. S. Gubser, I. R. Klebanov and A. M. Polyakov, Phys. Lett . B 428, 105 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802109]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[6] [3]

E. Witten, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 253 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802150]. 31

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[7] [4]

A. Parkes and P. C. West, Phys. Lett. B 138, 99 (1984). P. C. West, Phys. Lett. B 137, 371 (1984). D. R. T. Jones and L. Mezincescu, Phys. Lett. B 138, 293 (1984). S. Hamidi, J. Patera and J. H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B 141, 349 (1984). S. Hamidi and J. H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B 147, 301 (1984). W. Lucha and H. Neufeld, Phys. Lett. B 174, 186 (1986). D. R. ...

View on Pith 1984

[8] [5]

R. G. Leigh and M. J. Strassler, Nucl. Phys. B 447, 95 (1995) [arXiv:hep-th/9503121]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1995

[9] [6]

A. Connes, M. R. Douglas and A. Schwarz, JHEP 9802, 003 (1998) [arXiv:hep- th/9711162]

View on Pith 1998

[10] [7]

N. Seiberg and E. Witten, JHEP 9909, 032 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9908142]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[11] [8]

D. Berenstein and R. G. Leigh, JHEP 0001, 038 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/0001055]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000

[12] [9]

D. Berenstein, V. Jejjala and R. G. Leigh, Nucl. Phys. B 589, 196 (2000) [arXiv:hep- th/0005087]

View on Pith 2000

[13] [10]

D. Berenstein, V. Jejjala and R. G. Leigh, Phys. Lett. B 493, 162 (2000) [arXiv:hep- th/0006168]

View on Pith 2000

[14] [11]

N. Dorey, T. J. Hollowood and S. P. Kumar, JHEP 0212, 003 (2002) [arXiv:hep- th/0210239]

View on Pith 2002

[15] [12]

O. Aharony and S. S. Razamat, JHEP 0205, 029 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0204045]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002

[16] [13]

N. Dorey, JHEP 0407, 016 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0406104]. N. Dorey, JHEP 0408, 043 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0310117]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004

[17] [14]

N. Dorey and T. J. Hollowood, arXiv:hep-th/0411163

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[18] [15]

F. Benini, JHEP 0412, 068 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0411057]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004

[19] [16]

T. J. Hollowood and S. Prem Kumar, JHEP 0412, 034 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0407029]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004

[20] [18]

I. R. Klebanov and E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 536, 199 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9807080]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[21] [19]

C. P. Herzog, I. R. Klebanov and P. Ouyang, arXiv:hep-th /0205100

View on Pith

[22] [20]

S. Benvenuti and A. Hanany, arXiv:hep-th/0502043

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[23] [21]

S. Benvenuti, S. Franco, A. Hanany, D. Martelli and J. Sp arks, arXiv:hep-th/0411264. M. Bertolini, F. Bigazzi and A. L. Cotrone, JHEP 0412, 024 (2004) [arXiv:hep- th/0411249]. 32

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004

[24] [22]

D. Martelli and J. Sparks, arXiv:hep-th/0411238

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[25] [23]

I. R. Klebanov and M. J. Strassler, JHEP 0008, 052 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/0007191]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000

[26] [24]

See for example the review: G. T. Horowitz, arXiv:hep-t h/9210119

View on Pith

[27] [25]

F. Dowker, J. P. Gauntlett, S. B. Giddings and G. T. Horow itz, Phys. Rev. D 50, 2662 (1994) [arXiv:hep-th/9312172]. F. Dowker, J. P. Gaunt lett, D. A. Kastor and J. H. Traschen, Phys. Rev. D 49, 2909 (1994) [arXiv:hep-th/9309075]. F. Dowker, J. P. Gauntlett, G. W. Gibbons and G. T. Horowitz, Phys. Rev. D 52, 6929 (1995) [arXiv:hep-th/9507143]. M. S. Cost...

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1994

[28] [26]

J. G. Russo and A. A. Tseytlin, Nucl. Phys. B 448, 293 (1995) [arXiv:hep-th/9411099]. Nucl. Phys. B 449, 91 (1995) [arXiv:hep-th/9502038]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1995

[29] [28]

A. Bergman and O. J. Ganor, JHEP 0010, 018 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/0008030]. K. Das- gupta, O. J. Ganor and G. Rajesh, JHEP 0104, 034 (2001) [arXiv:hep-th/0010072]. A. Bergman, K. Dasgupta, O. J. Ganor, J. L. Karczmarek and G. R ajesh, Phys. Rev. D 65, 066005 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0103090]. M. Alishahiha and O. J. Ganor, JHEP 0303, 006 (2003) [arXiv:hep-th/0301080]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000

[30] [29]

A. Sen, arXiv:hep-th/0410103

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[31] [30]

M. R. Douglas, arXiv:hep-th/9807235. M. R. Douglas and B. Fiol, arXiv:hep- th/9903031

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[32] [31]

N. Itzhaki, J. M. Maldacena, J. Sonnenschein and S. Yank ielowicz, Phys. Rev. D 58, 046004 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802042]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[33] [32]

K. A. Intriligator, Nucl. Phys. B 551, 575 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9811047]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[34] [33]

R. C. Myers, JHEP 9912, 022 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9910053]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[35] [34]

R. Dijkgraaf and C. Vafa, arXiv:hep-th/0208048

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[36] [35]

O. Aharony, B. Kol and S. Yankielowicz, JHEP 0206, 039 (2002) [arXiv:hep- th/0205090]

View on Pith 2002

[37] [36]

A. Fayyazuddin and S. Mukhopadhyay, arXiv:hep-th/020 4056

View on Pith

[38] [37]

J. Polchinski and M. J. Strassler, arXiv:hep-th/00031 36

View on Pith

[39] [38]

A. Hashimoto and N. Itzhaki, Phys. Lett. B 465, 142 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9907166]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[40] [39]

J. M. Maldacena and J. G. Russo, JHEP 9909, 025 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9908134]. 33

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[41] [40]

S. Frolov and A. A. Tseytlin, Nucl. Phys. B 668, 77 (2003) [arXiv:hep-th/0304255]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2003

[42] [41]

H. Lin, O. Lunin and J. Maldacena, JHEP 0410, 025 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0409174]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004

[43] [42]

S. S. Gubser and I. R. Klebanov, Phys. Lett. B 413, 41 (1997) [arXiv:hep-th/9708005]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1997

[44] [43]

M. Blau, J. Figueroa-O’Farrill, C. Hull and G. Papadopo ulos, Class. Quant. Grav. 19, L87 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0201081]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002

[45] [44]

D. Berenstein, J. M. Maldacena and H. Nastase, JHEP 0204, 013 (2002) [arXiv:hep- th/0202021]

View on Pith 2002

[46] [46]

A. Santambrogio and D. Zanon, Phys. Lett. B 545, 425 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0206079]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002

[47] [47]

L. A. Pando Zayas and J. Sonnenschein, JHEP 0205, 010 (2002) [arXiv:hep- th/0202186]

View on Pith 2002

[48] [48]

R. Roiban, JHEP 0409, 023 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0312218]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004

[49] [49]

D. Berenstein and S. A. Cherkis, Nucl. Phys. B 702, 49 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0405215]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004

[50] [50]

S. S. Razamat, arXiv:hep-th/0204043

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[51] [51]

R. Corrado and N. Halmagyi, arXiv:hep-th/0401141

View on Pith Pith review arXiv

[52] [52]

S. S. Gubser, Phys. Rev. D 59, 025006 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9807164]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[53] [53]

A. Ceresole, G. Dall’Agata, R. D’Auria and S. Ferrara, C lass. Quant. Grav. 17, 1017 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/9910066]. A. Ceresole, G. Dall’Agat a and R. D’Auria, JHEP 9911, 009 (1999) [arXiv:hep-th/9907216]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000

[54] [54]

J. P. Gauntlett, D. Martelli, J. Sparks and D. Waldram, C lass. Quant. Grav. 21, 4335 (2004) [arXiv:hep-th/0402153]. J. P. Gauntlett, D. Martel li, J. Sparks and D. Waldram, arXiv:hep-th/0403002

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004

[55] [55]

A. Salam and E. Sezgin, Nucl. Phys. B 258, 284 (1985)

View on Pith 1985

[56] [56]

E. Bergshoeﬀ, U. Gran, R. Linares, M. Nielsen, T. Ortin a nd D. Roest, Class. Quant. Grav. 21, S1501 (2004). E. Bergshoeﬀ, U. Gran, R. Linares, M. Nielsen , T. Ortin and D. Roest, Class. Quant. Grav. 20, 3997 (2003) [arXiv:hep-th/0306179]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2004

[57] [57]

R. Minasian and D. Tsimpis, Nucl. Phys. B 572, 499 (2000) [arXiv:hep-th/9911042]

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2000

[58] [58]

B. Kol, JHEP 0209, 046 (2002) [arXiv:hep-th/0205141]. 34

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2002