High Energy Physics - Theory · arXiv:hep-th/0601059 v2 · submitted 10 Jan 2006
Comments on the black hole information problem
The paper says
“We argue that unitarity is restored by nonlocal effects whose initial magnitude is suppressed by the exponential of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.”
from the abstract · picked out as the main claim by a classifier
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The paper
Abstract
String theory provides numerous examples of duality between gravitational theories and unitary gauge theories. To resolve the black hole information paradox in this setting, it is necessary to better understand how unitarity is implemented on the gravity side. We argue that unitarity is restored by nonlocal effects whose initial magnitude is suppressed by the exponential of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Time-slicings for which effective field theory is valid are obtained by demanding the mutual back-reaction of quanta be small. The resulting bounds imply that nonlocal effects do not lead to observable violations of causality or conflict with the equivalence principle for infalling observers, yet implement information retrieval for observers who stay outside the black hole.
The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. No sentence in this record was written by a model.
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
How the main claim is stated: asserted 0.96
What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.43 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.53 · compares with prior results 0.12 · mentions code or data availability 0.01
The abstract, sentence by sentence
This table labels the abstract only (arXiv listing abstract v2). The number is the probability the classifier gave the label.
| Sentence | Role | The authors' own work | States the main conclusion | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| String theory provides numerous examples of duality between gravitational theories and unitary gauge theories. | background 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| To resolve the black hole information paradox in this setting, it is necessary to better understand how unitarity is implemented on the gravity side. | gap 0.66 | 0.07 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| We argue that unitarity is restored by nonlocal effects whose initial magnitude is suppressed by the exponential of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. | result 0.65 | 0.70 | 0.83 | asserted 0.96 |
| Time-slicings for which effective field theory is valid are obtained by demanding the mutual back-reaction of quanta be small. | method 0.98 | 0.72 | 0.04 | asserted 0.98 |
| The resulting bounds imply that nonlocal effects do not lead to observable violations of causality or conflict with the equivalence principle for infalling observers, yet implement information retrieval for observers who stay outside the black hole. | interpretation 0.69 | 0.80 | 0.63 | asserted 0.98 |
What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: position or commentary 0.88 · evidence from argument 0.98
What was examined, and what was not
Sources read
- arXiv listing abstract v2
Not examined
- full text
- figures and tables
- references and citing sentences
- relations to other papers
Levels run
- P abstract
Not run
- S sections
- T body sentences
- C citations
- R cross-paper relations
How the labels were made
Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,246 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.
Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. This record as JSON
Cited by 5 Pith papers
Reviewed papers on Pith that cite this one. The full citation record
- Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls? hep-th · Jul 2012
- The arrow of time, black holes, and quantum mixing of large N Yang-Mills theories hep-th · Nov 2006
- Time Dependence of Hawking Radiation Entropy hep-th · Jan 2013
- Local bulk operators in AdS/CFT: A holographic description of the black hole interior hep-th · Dec 2006
- Is the firewall consistent?: Gedanken experiments on black hole complementarity and firewall proposal gr-qc · Oct 2012
How the literature uses it
10 arXiv papers cite this in 18 sentences
Papers citing it · 12 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as support 3 papers
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However, this is not a problem since observations made by an inside observer in free fall necessarily have limited precision both due to the restricted size of measuring devices that can be carried into a black hole without back-reacting on the geometry and due to the finite proper time remaining to the observer before encountering the black hole singularity [ref] .
Quantum information erasure inside black holes · introduction · 0.97
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The effective field theory is allowed to be only approximate because the measurement precision that is available to such an observer is limited both by the finite proper time remaining before hitting the singularity and by the finite size of measuring devices that can be carried into the black hole without significant back-reaction on the geometry [ref] .
Black hole complementarity: the inside view · Conclusions · 0.98
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Remarkably, the freely falling observer does not detect violations of locality until she is very close to the singularity [ref] , consistent with the reasoning that motivated the complementarity hypothesis.
Quantitative approaches to information recovery from black holes · Nonlocality · 0.97
Cites it as background 1 paper
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Many studies of Hawking radiation have been done using string theory and the AdS / CFT correspondence in particular [ref] .
Simplifying plasma balls and black holes with nonlinear diffusion · Aspects of holography · 0.95
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