Electric-Magnetic Duality in Supersymmetric Non-Abelian Gauge Theories

N. Seiberg

REVIEW

Electric-Magnetic Duality in Supersymmetric Non-Abelian Gauge Theories

N. Seiberg

High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 20 Nov 1994 · 21 references

Pith's verdict: The origin paper for N=1 Seiberg duality: the dual pair is genuinely new and the checks are the kind that could have failed, with the fixed-point existence assumed rather than proved — and said so in the text.

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arXiv IDhep-th/9411149 (version 1)

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CitationN. Seiberg. "Electric-Magnetic Duality in Supersymmetric Non-Abelian Gauge Theories." arXiv:hep-th/9411149 (1994). https://pith.science/paper/LTYDSSW7

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This is the paper that opened the whole subject. If you only read one thing from the 1994 flurry, read this one, because the dual pair it writes down — SU(Nc) with Nf flavors versus SU(Nf−Nc) with Nf dual quarks plus a gauge-singlet meson and W = M q qbar — is not in anything it cites. Montonen-Olive is Abelian/N=4; Seiberg-Witten is the N=2 Coulomb phase. The non-Abelian Coulomb phase of N=1 is new here, and so is the specific magnetic gauge group and the fractional baryon number on q (3.1). That assignment could easily have been wrong; it is fixed by requiring B ~ q^{Nf−Nc} and it comes out anomaly free, which is not automatic. The reader's take is right on all of this and I would not soften it. The classifier's record says no limitations are stated; that is wrong, and worth correcting before anyone repeats it. Section 2 says in plain words, 'We cannot prove our assumption that for every 3Nc/2 < Nf < 3Nc the theory at the origin is in a non-Abelian Coulomb phase as we described.' The stress-test lands, but it lands on an acknowledged gap, not a hidden one. The sharper version of the concern is the one worth keeping: the unitarity-bound argument that restricts the window to Nf > 3Nc/2 uses D(M) = 3R/2, which presupposes the fixed point, so it is not independent evidence for it. That is a real observation about the logic and the paper does not address it. Everything else is in good proportion. The anomaly matching (3.4) and (5.7) is computed separately on both sides; the dual-of-dual closure (3.5) with the sign flip is a check that could have failed; the flat-direction map in Sec. 4.2 is the part I find most convincing, because the electric Higgsing and the magnetic confinement have to line up and they do. The instanton rederivation of (4.14) is the best single result in the paper — a strong-coupling superpotential obtained in a weak-coupling frame. Minor: the B ↔ b identification in Sec. 5.1 rests on quantum numbers and discrete symmetries rather than a derivation, and [21] is 'to appear', so the SO(Nc) tail cannot be checked against its source. Neither is load-bearing. Send it out. This is a serious referee's paper, and the referee's job is to press on the fixed-point assumption, not to re-derive the anomaly coefficients.

Referee report

Significance

If the duality holds, this is a substantial result: it gives the first non-Abelian generalization of Montonen-Olive duality in an asymptotically free four-dimensional theory, and it supplies a concrete dictionary in which baryons and glueballs of a confining description are the weakly coupled elementary quarks of a dual Higgs description. The strengths are real and should be named. The anomaly coefficients in Eq. (3.4) and Eq. (5.7) are computed independently in the electric and magnetic theories and agree; the R-charge assignments (3.1), (3.2) and (5.5) are anomaly free; the dual-of-dual closure in Eq. (3.5) is a non-trivial check that could have failed; and the instanton computation of Section 4.2 reproduces Eq. (4.14) in a weak-coupling framework, which is a genuine derivation rather than a consistency argument. The construction also makes falsifiable statements: the location of the window boundaries, the existence of a free non-Abelian magnetic phase for Nc+2 <= Nf <= 3Nc/2, and massless monopole points in SO(Nc) with Nf = Nc-2. No parameter is fitted to data, and the central claim is not equivalent to its input by construction.

Major objections (2)

[Abstract (s0) and Section 2, paragraph beginning 'We cannot prove our assumption'] The abstract states 'We demonstrate electric-magnetic duality', but Section 2 states plainly: 'We cannot prove our assumption that for every 3Nc/2 < Nf < 3Nc the theory at the origin is in a non-Abelian Coulomb phase as we described.' The existence of the common infrared fixed point is the load-bearing premise of the entire construction: if the fixed point is absent for some (Nc, Nf) in the window, there is no common infrared theory for the duality to describe. The paper is commendably honest about this in Section 2, and I am not asking for a proof of the fixed point, which is a hard problem. What I am asking is that the qualifier be carried into the abstract and the introduction, so that a reader of the abstract alone is not left with the impression that the fixed point has been established. A phrasing such as 'we argue' or an explicit statement that the duality is conditional on the existence of the interacting fixed point would suffice. Relatedly, the unitarity-bound argument in Section 2 (D(M) = 3(Nf-Nc)/Nf >= 1, hence Nf >= 3Nc/2) is a one-sided constraint: it excludes Nf < 3Nc/2 given the fixed point, but it cannot establish existence in the window, since D(M) = 3R/2 presupposes the superconformal R-symmetry. The text should say so explicitly where the bound is used to locate the lower edge of the window.
[Abstract (s0), Section 3, and Section 4] The abstract claims the two theories lead to 'the same non-trivial long distance physics', which reads as a statement about the full infrared theory. The evidence assembled in Sections 3 through 5 is matching of global symmetries, 't Hooft anomalies (Eqs. 3.4, 5.7), chiral ring dimensions (Eqs. 2.3, 2.4), and the moduli spaces together with their mass and flat-direction deformations. These constrain the chiral sector and the moduli space; they do not by themselves establish equality of the full operator spectrum or of correlation functions of non-chiral operators. I would like the paper to state explicitly the scope of the equivalence it claims, so that the abstract's phrase is tied to what is actually checked. A second, related point: the map between the two theories is defined only up to the Lambda-dependent rescalings that the text defers ('In what follows we will arrange the powers of Lambda according to the dimensions at the UV fixed point of the electric theory'), and no Kahler potential or normalization of the map is given. That is a legitimate limitation for a paper of this scope, but it should be stated as such rather than left implicit, since it bears directly on how strong a claim 'the same long distance physics' is.

Minor objections (7)

[Section 3, paragraph following Eq. (3.2)] The text says 'Note that the new quarks q transform differently than Q under SU(Nf) x SU(Nf).' As written this is not correct: by Eqs. (1.2) and (3.1), Q sits in (Nf, 1) and q sits in (Nf, 1), so they transform identically under the non-Abelian flavor group. The difference is in the U(1)_B and U(1)_R charges. Please reword.
[Eq. (3.4) and Eq. (5.7)] The anomaly coefficients are typeset as a single list of expressions, so the reader cannot see line by line which entry belongs to the electric theory and which to the magnetic theory, which is precisely the point being made. Please set these as two-column tables with electric and magnetic columns, and define the symbols d^(2)(Nf) and d^(3)(Nf) at first use.
[Eq. (3.5)] The relative sign between the two terms is justified only by the remark that it is 'motivated by ensuring that the dual of the dual is the original theory.' A sentence explaining where the sign comes from, or stating explicitly that it is a convention fixed by the equation of motion for N, would make the check reproducible by the reader.
[Section 4.2, Eqs. (4.5)-(4.8)] M0 is described as 'a square matrix with Nc-1 rows and rank Nc-1'; please say (Nc-1) x (Nc-1). It would also help to state at Eq. (4.8) that the numerical coefficient is fixed by matching to the known electric result rather than derived, which the text does say but only after the equation.
[Section 5.1, paragraph on Nc = 4] The paper restricts to Lambda_1 = Lambda_2 for Nc = 4 and defers the general case to reference [21], which is listed as 'to appear'. Since that work is unpublished, the Lambda_1 != Lambda_2 case for Nc = 4 is not supported by a published source; please flag this explicitly where the restriction is made.
[Section 5.1, first paragraph] The magnetic gauge group is written as SO(Nf-(Nc-2)+2) here and as SO(Nf-Nc+4) in the introduction. These are the same group; please use one form consistently.
[Section 3 and elsewhere] There are scattered typographical and spacing errors, for example 'the re is a vacuum at the origin' and 'Superﬁcia lly' in Section 3. A careful proofread of the final version is warranted.

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The paper

The paper claims

Supersymmetric QCD with Nf flavors has a dual description with gauge group SU(Nf-Nc), the same flavor content, and an elementary meson, matching all 't Hooft anomalies and reproducing confinement as Higgsing.

The reading

Quantum chromodynamics, the theory of quarks and gluons, is hard to solve at low energies because the coupling grows. Supersymmetric versions of QCD are more tractable because holomorphy and exact beta functions constrain them. Seiberg studies N=1 supersymmetric SU(Nc) gauge theory with Nf quark flavors in the range where the theory is believed to flow to an interacting scale-invariant fixed point, roughly 3Nc/2 < Nf < 3Nc. In that window the theory has no particle interpretation, so it can in principle be described by more than one set of massless fields. He proposes a second description: an SU(Nf-Nc) gauge theory with Nf flavors of dual quarks plus a gauge-singlet meson field M coupled through a superpotential M q qbar. The dual quarks carry fractional baryon number and cannot be built from the original quarks, so they are genuinely new variables. The evidence is a set of consistency conditions. The 't Hooft anomalies of the global symmetry group match exactly between the two theories. The R-charges assigned to the dual fields are anomaly free and give the meson the same dimension as in the electric theory. Dualizing twice returns the original theory, with the extra meson becoming massive. Turning on a mass in one description becomes Higgsing in the other, and the flat directions map onto each other. The paper extends the construction to SO(Nc) and states the SP(Nc) case without detail. Seiberg is explicit that he cannot prove the fixed point exists for every Nf in the window; that is established only in a large-Nc expansion.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The infrared physics of SU(Nc) supersymmetric QCD with Nf flavors in the window 3Nc/2 < Nf < 3Nc is equally well described by an SU(Nf-Nc) gauge theory with Nf dual quarks q, qbar and a gauge-singlet meson M, with superpotential W = M q qbar (Eq. 3.3). If correct, the dual quarks and gluons are non-Abelian magnetic monopoles of the electric theory, and the two theories are the same conformal field theory in different variables.

Load-bearing premise

The premise that an interacting non-Abelian Coulomb phase actually exists for every Nf in 3Nc/2 < Nf < 3Nc. Section 2 establishes a zero of the beta function only in the double limit Nc to infinity with Nf/Nc = 3 - epsilon and epsilon small, citing Banks-Zaks [17], and then states: 'We cannot prove our assumption that for every 3Nc/2 < Nf < 3Nc the theory at the origin is in a non-Abelian Coulomb phase as we described.' If the fixed point is absent or is not the one assumed for some Nf in that window, the duality statement has no common infrared theory to describe.

Original abstract

We demonstrate electric-magnetic duality in N=1 supersymmetric non-Abelian gauge theories in four dimensions by presenting two different gauge theories (different gauge groups and quark representations) leading to the same non-trivial long distance physics. The quarks and gluons of one theory can be interpreted as solitons (non-Abelian magnetic monopoles) of the elementary fields of the other theory. The weak coupling region of one theory is mapped to a strong coupling region of the other. When one of the theories is Higgsed by an expectation value of a squark, the other theory is confined. Massless glueballs, baryons and Abelian magnetic monopoles in the confining description are the weakly coupled elementary quarks (i.e.\ solitons of the confined quarks) in the dual Higgs description.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,330 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.06 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.04 · compares with prior results 0.06 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We demonstrate electric-magnetic duality in N=1 supersymmetric non-Abelian gauge theories in four dimensions by presenting two different gauge theories (different gauge groups and quark representations) leading to the same non-trivial long distance physics. The quarks and gluons of one theory can be interpreted as solitons (non-Abelian magnetic monopoles) of the elementary fields of the other theory. The weak coupling region of one theory is mapped to a strong coupling region of the other. When one of the theories is Higgsed by an expectation value of a squark, the other theory is confined. Massless glueballs, baryons and Abelian magnetic monopoles in the confining description are the weakly coupled elementary quarks (i.e.\ solitons of the confined quarks) in the dual Higgs description.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We demonstrate electric-magnetic duality in N=1 supersymmetric non-Abelian gauge theories in four dimensions by presenting two different gauge theories (different gauge groups and quark representations) leading to the same non-trivial long distance physics.	contribution 0.74	0.94	0.90	asserted 1.00
s1	The quarks and gluons of one theory can be interpreted as solitons (non-Abelian magnetic monopoles) of the elementary fields of the other theory.	interpretation 0.71	0.76	0.15	hedged possibility 0.51
s2	The weak coupling region of one theory is mapped to a strong coupling region of the other.	result 0.98	0.78	0.13	asserted 1.00
s3	When one of the theories is Higgsed by an expectation value of a squark, the other theory is confined.	result 1.00	0.80	0.09	asserted 1.00
s4	Massless glueballs, baryons and Abelian magnetic monopoles in the confining description are the weakly coupled elementary quarks (i.e.\ solitons of the confined quarks) in the dual Higgs description.	result 0.59	0.81	0.17	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.86.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

References

Works cited (21)

[21]

K. Intriligator and N. Seiberg, to appear 21

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N. Seiberg, hep-ph/9309335, Phys. Lett. 318B (1993) 469

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[9]

K. Intriligator, R.G. Leigh and N. Seiberg, hep-th/9403 198, Phys. Rev. D50 (1994) 1092; K. Intriligator, hep-th/9407106, Phys. Lett. 336B (1994) 409

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[10]

N. Seiberg and E. Witten, hep-th/9407087, Nucl. Phys. B426 (1994) 19

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[11]

N. Seiberg and E. Witten, hep-th/9408099, RU-94-60, IA SSNS-HEP-94/55

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[12]

K. Intriligator and N. Seiberg, hep-th/9408155, RU-94 -68, IASSNS-HEP-94/67

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[13]

K. Intriligator, N. Seiberg and S. Shenker, hep-ph/941 0203, RU-94-75, IASSNS-HEP- 94/79

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[14]

N. Seiberg, The Power of Holomorphy – Exact Results in 4D SUSY Field Theories. To appear in the Proc. of PASCOS 94. hep-th/9408013, RU-94-64, IASSNS-HEP-94/57

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C. Montonen and D. Olive, Phys. Lett. 72B (1977) 117; P. Goddard, J. Nuyts, and D. Olive, Nucl. Phys. B125 (1977) 1

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H. Osborn, Phys. Lett. 83B (1979) 321; A. Sen, hep-th/9402002, TIFR-TH-94-03; hep-th/9402032,TIFR-TH-94-08; C. Vafa and E. Witten, hep- th/9408074, HUTP- 94/A017, IASSNS-HEP-94-54

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[17]

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Adding a baryon chemical potential to AMSB-deformed s-confining SQCD produces novel finite-density vacua with baryon-number and parity breaking, with both first- and second-order transitions.
Dynamical Up-quark Mass Generation in QCD-like theories
hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

In an AMSB SQCD model with F=N=3, the chiral Lagrangian coefficients predict a dynamical up quark mass ratio mu_u/mu_d of order one, while the effect is suppressed for F<N.
Dynamics of $E_6$ Chiral Gauge Theories
hep-th 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

E6 gauge theories with NF=1,2,3 fundamentals are solved in the near-supersymmetric limit, and NF=3 admits a vacuum with unbroken SU(3) and massless composite fermions in the 10 representation.
Rank-two tensors and deconfinement in 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ $SU(N)$ gauge theories
hep-th 2025-04 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The authors derive confining dualities for 3d SU(N) theories with two antisymmetric tensors (nf+na=4) and for symmetric-tensor theories with monopole superpotentials, using tensor deconfinement and duplication identities.
Crystals and Double Quiver Algebras from Jeffrey-Kirwan Residues
hep-th 2025-01 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

For quivers satisfying a no-overlap condition, flavored BPS indices are computed by crystal melting derived from Jeffrey-Kirwan residues, and new double quiver algebras are constructed whose crystal representations en...
Mass Hierarchy of Z(2) Monopoles
hep-th 2024-11 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

New spherically symmetric Z2 monopole solutions in SU(4) Yang-Mills-Higgs theory are found for index 4 and index 10 su(2) embeddings, with masses 2.001 and 4.057 times the unit mass.
Non-Perturbative Schwinger-Dyson Equations for 3d ${\cal N} = 4$ Gauge Theories
hep-th 2020-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The vortex partition function of a 3d N=4 gauge theory with a line defect is a twisted qq-character of a quantum affine algebra, with four equivalent physical realizations.
Circumnavigating Collinear Superspace
hep-th 2019-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Collinear superspace can reproduce the full range of N=1 supersymmetric Lagrangians by adding auxiliary superfields that encode F and D terms.
Rank $Q$ E-string on a torus with flux
hep-th 2019-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A proposed 4d quiver theory E[USp(2Q)] is claimed to encode torus compactifications of rank-Q E-string theory, with emergent USp(2Q)xUSp(2Q)xU(1)^2 symmetry supported by index and anomaly checks.
Polygonal Quivers
math.AG 2019-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

Fano lattice polygons define balanced quivers linked to toric surface singularities, placing them on algebraic hypersurfaces with a coinciding generalized mutation operation.
Dual Boundary Conditions in 3d SCFT's
hep-th 2017-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Matching pairs of half-BPS boundary conditions are proposed for particle-vortex, level-rank, SQED/XYZ, and Aharony dualities, each checked by boundary anomaly matching and by identities between half-indices.
E-String Theory on Riemann Surfaces
hep-th 2017-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Compactifying the 6d E-string on a Riemann surface with flux yields specific 4d N=1 quiver theories whose infrared symmetry enhances to subgroups of E8, including a geometric origin for the E7 surprise.
SUSY monopole potentials in 2+1 dimensions
hep-th 2017-03 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

U(Nc) SQCD in 2+1 dimensions with a linear monopole superpotential defines a new SCFT with a Seiberg-like dual, and at Nf = 2(Nc+1) it is the S-duality wall of 4D N=2 SQCD.
Brane Brick Models in the Mirror
hep-th 2016-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Mirror symmetry converts D1-branes on a Calabi-Yau fourfold into D5-branes wrapping intersecting four-spheres, and the orientation of each intersection decides whether the corresponding matter field is chiral or Fermi.
N=1 Deformations and RG Flows of N=2 SCFTs
hep-th 2016-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

A nilpotent-vev deformation of N=2 SCFTs drives flows that land on N=2 fixed points, giving the first Lagrangian descriptions of the (A1,An) Argyres-Douglas theories.
A Duality Web in 2+1 Dimensions and Condensed Matter Physics
hep-th 2016-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Assuming one boson-fermion duality, the paper derives a connected web of 2+1-dimensional dualities, including a properly quantized fermion-fermion duality, and relates them to 3+1-dimensional S-duality.
Mirror Symmetry And Loop Operators
hep-th 2015-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Wilson loops in 3d N=4 theories map under mirror symmetry to Vortex loops whose 1d quiver data encodes the original gauge representation, checked by exact S^3 matrix model computations.
A topologically twisted index for three-dimensional supersymmetric theories
hep-th 2015-04 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

An exact residue formula for the topologically twisted partition function of three-dimensional N=2 gauge theories on S^2 x S^1, checked against known dualities and extended to two and four dimensions.
N=1 theories of class S_k
hep-th 2015-03 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

A new class of N=1 superconformal theories is conjectured, labeled by punctured Riemann surfaces, with its supersymmetric index built from eigenfunctions of an elliptic integrable model.
Quiver Tails and N=1 SCFTs from M5-branes
hep-th 2014-09 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

A new collection of chiral fields called the Fan supplies the missing quiver-tail building block for N=1 class S theories and yields an N=1 analog of Argyres-Seiberg duality for SU(N) SQCD with 2N flavors.
M2-brane surface operators and gauge theory dualities in Toda
hep-th 2014-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

M2-brane surface operators in class S theories are matched to degenerate vertex operators of A_{Nf-1} Toda CFT, and two-dimensional Seiberg and Kutasov-Schwimmer dualities are realized as momentum conjugation and cros...
Asymptotic safety guaranteed
hep-th 2014-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

In the Veneziano limit, a 4D SU(N_C) gauge theory with N_F fermions and a scalar matrix develops a perturbative interacting UV fixed point once N_F/N_C exceeds 11/2.
Elliptic genera of 2d N=2 gauge theories
hep-th 2013-08 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The elliptic genus of a general-rank 2d N=(2,2) or N=(0,2) gauge theory equals a sum of Jeffrey-Kirwan residues of the one-loop determinant over the moduli space of flat connections on T^2.
3d dualities from 4d dualities
hep-th 2013-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Every four-dimensional Seiberg duality, compactified on a circle and deformed by an instanton-generated monopole superpotential, descends to a three-dimensional duality, and real-mass flows from these reproduce known ...
Aspects of 3d N=2 Chern-Simons-Matter Theories
hep-th 2013-05 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

The Witten index of 3d N=2 Chern-Simons-matter theories with generic real masses is given by a shifted WZW level counting formula and is invariant under phase transitions.
New N=1 Dualities
hep-th 2013-03 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

N=1 SU(N) gauge theory with 2N flavors has a previously unknown dual description in terms of two copies of the T_N theory coupled to 2N^2+2N singlet chiral fields, generalizing the known SU(2) case to all N.
Wilson loops in supersymmetric Chern-Simons-matter theories and duality
hep-th 2013-02 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The BPS Wilson loop algebra in 3d N=2 Chern-Simons-matter theories is a finite-dimensional quotient with explicit relations, and it maps isomorphically across Giveon-Kutasov dual pairs.

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How later papers used it

501 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 500 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 50 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 38 of the 776 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

13 later papers by other authors are listed below: 1 built on it, 9 used its method or tool, 2 compared their own results with it and 1 cited it as support.

Builds on it 1 of 8 papers with this label

Called its own result an extension of the result of this paper.

Conformal Supersymmetry Breaking in Vector-like Gauge Theories (2009) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

Uses its method or tool 9 of 22 papers with this label

Starting from $⋆_1)$ and apply the Seiberg duality [ref] , we obtain 0.9[node distance=2cm,gSUnode/.style=circle,red,draw,minimum size=8mm,gUSpnode/.style=circle,blue,draw,minimum size=8mm,fnode/.style=rectangle,red,draw,minimum size=8mm] [gSUnode] (G1) at (-4,0) $2$; [fnode] (F1) at (-2,0) 0.8$2N+4$; (G1) – (F1); at (0,0) $= 0$; We see that the role of the flipper in $⋆_1)$ in [ref] is to give a mass to the singlet present in the Seiberg duality and therefore get $=0$ in [ref].

4d N=1 dualities from 5d dualities (2022) · Proof of the 4d dualities · 0.99
Applied the Seiberg duality of this paper to the lower left SU(2) gauge node to see the relation between its model and the (A1,D4) theory.

Symmetry enhancement and duality walls in 5d gauge theories (2020) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used Seiberg's N_F=N_C formalism of this paper below the confinement scale to simplify calculations.

Approximate Particle Spectra in the Pyramid Scheme (2012) · 0.98 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Made use of the electric/magnetic duality of supersymmetric gauge theories of this paper to exhibit a calculable example.

Single-Sector Supersymmetry Breaking in Supersymmetric QCD (2009) · 0.97 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Replaced node 3 by its Seiberg dual from this paper, assuming node 3 first reaches strong coupling.

Metastable Vacua in Warped Throats at Non-Isolated Singularities (2010) · 0.96 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
This can be seen by Seiberg dualizing [ref] the apparent $𝔰𝔲(2)$ gauge node.

A 5d perspective on the compactifications of 6d SCFTs to 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs (2022) · Flux $ℱ⃗=(-n,...,-n,0,...,0)$ · 0.96
Proved that the conformal triality can be obtained by chains of Seiberg dualities of this paper and Intriligator-Pouliot dualities.

An intertwining between conformal dualities and ordinary dualities (2022) · 0.91 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
This proof assumes only the $N=1$ case, which is the confining Seiberg duality for $SU(2)$ [ref] , and uses Intriligator-Pouliot duality [ref] to prove the inductive step.

Star-triangle dualities and supersymmetric improved bifundamentals (2024) · Introduction and summary · 0.85
After deconfining the rank-$2$ tensors it has been possible to apply sequences of Seiberg dualities (see [ref] for a general construction) and than to recover the confined phase proposed in [ref] , using only the s-confining dualities of $N_c$ with $N_c+1$ flavors of [ref] and $2N_c$ SQCD with $2N_c+4$ fundamentals of [ref] .

Sporadic dualities from tensor deconfinement (2023) · Introduction · 0.88

Compares with it 2 of 19 papers with this label

Found that in its gross features its dual theory is similar to this paper's dual to its original microscopic theory.

Non-Abelian Strings: From Weak to Strong Coupling and Back via Duality (2009) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Compared its own bounds in N=1 SCFTs with supersymmetric QCD in the conformal window of this paper.

Carving Out the Space of 4D CFTs (2011) · 0.98 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

Cites it as support 1 of 4 papers with this label

Said that the large-N NSVZ beta function supports the existence of a conformal window as in this paper.

Non-Supersymmetric Seiberg Duality, Orientifold QCD and Non-Critical Strings (2008) · 0.98 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

486 arXiv papers cite this in 763 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 420 sentences without a confident label

Builds on it 8 papers

We would like to generalise Seiberg duality [ref] to the case in which the magnetic theory is non-SUSY, that is, when the number of colours $$ is greater than the number of flavours $$ ($<$).

A Note on Seiberg Duality for $N_{f} < N_{c}$ · Duality from Brane Dynamics · 0.99
At the same time, the original Seiberg duality (formulated in [ref] in the monopole $r=0$ vacua) can be generalized to $r$ vacua [ref] which survive in passing from to our basic model at large but finite $μ$.[ At $μ= ∞$ only the $r=0$ monopole vacua remain, while others become run-away vacua.] Further explorations of the generalized Seiberg duality were undertaken in [ref] .

Confronting Seiberg's Duality with r Duality in N=1 Supersymmetric QCD · Introduction · 0.93
(This is an extension of the result of Ref [ref] .

Conformal Supersymmetry Breaking in Vector-like Gauge Theories · Embedding to conformal field theory · 0.99

Uses its method or tool 22 papers

Motivated by this last open problem here we prove that this conformal triality can obtained by opportune chains of Seiberg [ref] and Intriligator-Pouliot [ref] dualities.

An intertwining between conformal dualities and ordinary dualities · Introduction · 0.91
This proof assumes only the $N=1$ case, which is the confining Seiberg duality for $SU(2)$ [ref] , and uses Intriligator-Pouliot duality [ref] to prove the inductive step.

Star-triangle dualities and supersymmetric improved bifundamentals · Introduction and summary · 0.85
To analyze the low energy theory we rely on the Seiberg dualities for supersymmetric QCD (SQCD) [ref] .

Confinement On the Moose Lattice · Introduction · 0.98

Uses its data or values 1 paper

The chiral multiplets have superconformal R-charge $1-2/N_f$ [ref] .

Interior zeros of supersymmetric indices · 4d $𝒩=1$ $SU(2)$ gauge theories · 0.89

Compares with it 19 papers

Now we would like to compare $r$ duality we established with Seiberg's duality [ref] .

Confronting Seiberg's Duality with r Duality in N=1 Supersymmetric QCD · Generalized Seiberg's duality · 0.99
We see that the dyon transformation properties are the same in both, the zero and $r=N$ vacua (see ([ref])), and coincide with those for the Seiberg dual quarks [ref] .

N=1 Duality in the Chiral Limit from N=2 Duality · Large $μ$ · 0.93
We will see that the original U($N$) theory can flow in the IR to the dual IR free theory, with the gauge group U($$) (i.e. exactly the same as in [ref] ), possessing special $r$ vacua, to be referred to as the zero vacua.

Detailing N=1 Seiberg's Duality through the Seiberg-Witten Solution of N=2 · Introduction · 0.83

Cites it as support 3 papers

At the same time, the zero vacua were shown [ref] to be precisely the vacua which are classically seen in the generalized Seiberg dual theory [ref] .

Detailing N=1 Seiberg's Duality through the Seiberg-Witten Solution of N=2 · Chiral condensates at small quark masses · 0.97
Results on non-perturbative dynamics of SUSY gauge theories [ref] indicate that below the scale $_*$ the theory flows to a new fixed point where these couplings are strong.

Superconformal Technicolor · Introduction · 0.98
The large-$N$ NSVZ beta function supports the existence of a conformal window as in Seiberg's original paper [ref] .

Non-Supersymmetric Seiberg Duality, Orientifold QCD and Non-Critical Strings · Duality at large $N$ · 0.98

Cites it as background 243 papers

Firstly, the Aharony duality [ref] , 3d reminiscent of the Seiberg duality [ref] , is an IR duality between the following 3d $𝒩=2$ theories.

S-confinement of 3d Argyres-Douglas theories and the Seiberg-like duality with an adjoint matter · Monopole maps under basic dualities in linear quivers · 0.93
where $U(1)_R$ is the nonanomalous with respect to the non-Abelian gauge bosons $R$ symmetry [ref] [The gauge group of our original theory is U$(N)$, thus it includes Abelian U(1) gauge fields. $U(1)_R$ symmetry is anomalous with respect to U(1) gauge fields.

N=1 Duality in the Chiral Limit from N=2 Duality · Anomaly matching · 0.87
This gauge-gauge duality framework was pioneered in a series of ground breaking papers by Seiberg [ref] for supersymmetric gauge theories.

The Standard Model is Natural as Magnetic Gauge Theory · Introduction · 0.86

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

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