Transverse momentum and collision energy dependence of high $p_{T}$ hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at ultrarelativistic energies

et al. (STAR Collaboration); J. Adams

REVIEW

Transverse momentum and collision energy dependence of high $p_{T}$ hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at ultrarelativistic energies

J. Adams, et al. (STAR Collaboration)

Nuclear Experiment · Submitted 19 May 2003 · 28 references

Pith's verdict: The same-energy p+p reference plus RCP out to 12 GeV/c makes the flatness of the suppression a measured fact; the measurement is solid, the theory comparison is thinner than the prose suggests.

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Citationet al. (STAR Collaboration), J. Adams. "Transverse momentum and collision energy dependence of high $p_{T}$ hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at ultrarelativistic energies." arXiv:nucl-ex/0305015 (2003). https://pith.science/paper/JDHIKT6H

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Editor's note

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The thing to take from this one: STAR now has a p+p reference at the same energy and pushes RCP out to 12 GeV/c, and the ratio comes out flat. That flatness is the physics. It is what makes the rising-RAA stories — cold nuclear matter attenuation, scattering of fragmentation hadrons — hard to keep, more than it confirms any particular energy-loss model. The abstract's claim at [abstract:s1] is the right headline, and [abstract:s4] is the right way to state a null result: no evidence of pT-dependence, not proof of none. Credit where due: RCP is central-over-peripheral from the same detector, so the 14% p+p normalization cancels; RAA is against a measured p+p spectrum rather than a parametrization; Table I gives the corrections with uncertainties at 10 GeV/c. The paper is also candid that the pQCD energy-loss magnitude is fitted to the same central data while the saturation model predicts it, and that saturation does worse in the peripheral panel. That is the honest way to run a model comparison. Soft spots, in order. First, the background extrapolation: above 6 GeV/c they assume constant Lambda/charged and K0s/charged ratios and scale Lambda by 1.4 for Sigma+ decays, a hand-picked number. The stress-test is right that this is the weakest assumption, but I would weight it lower than the reader does. The correction is 6-10% against a factor 4-5 effect, and for RCP the central (0.94) and peripheral (0.95) factors nearly cancel. So 'large suppression' is safe; 'approximately constant' is the phrase carrying the risk, and a pT-dependent strangeness change over 6-12 GeV/c would tilt it. A pT-resolved systematic would settle it and is not given. Second, the theory curves in Figs. 2-4 partly come from private communications (refs. 12, 15), so nobody can check them; minor for a measurement paper, but it means 'models are consistent' rests on numbers we cannot reproduce. Third, small: the p+p cross section is 0.79 +/- 0.18 of the E743 result, blamed on the NSD cross section (30.0 +/- 3.5 vs 35 +/- 1 mb). Plausible, not settled. This is for anyone using RAA or RCP at 200 GeV as a baseline, and for energy-loss modelers. It deserves a serious referee.

Referee report

Significance

If the result holds, this is a substantial and field-shaping measurement: it extends the charged-hadron suppression measurement at RHIC from pT ≈ 6 GeV/c to 12 GeV/c, provides the first p+p reference spectrum at √sNN = 200 GeV at this precision, and turns the qualitative statement 'high-pT hadrons are suppressed' into a quantitative statement about the pT dependence of that suppression over a decade in pT. The flatness of RCP above 5 GeV/c is the discriminating observation, since several competing pictures (cold-nuclear-matter jet attenuation, in-medium scattering of fragmentation hadrons) predict a rising RAA in this window, and the paper says so explicitly. I give credit for several good practices: the correction factors are tabulated with uncertainties at pT = 10 GeV/c (Table I) rather than left implicit; the p+p normalization uncertainty of ±14% is stated and propagated into RAA while RCP is constructed so that this normalization largely cancels; the p+p trigger cross section is measured by a van der Meer scan and cross-checked against PYTHIA and HERWIG simulations; and the theory comparison is presented honestly, with the fitted-versus-predicted distinction for the pQCD ands饱和

Major objections (4)

[Text following Table I; Fig. 3 and Fig. 4] The high-pT background correction is extrapolated into exactly the window where the central claim lives. The text states that the correction factors for pT > 6 GeV/c are computed 'assuming constant yield ratios Λ(+Σ0)/(h+ + h-) and K0s/(h+ + h-)', that these ratios are measured only for pT < 6 GeV/c (ref. [19]), and that the Λ yield is scaled by a factor 1.4 to account for Σ+ decays. Table I then quotes single factors at pT = 10 GeV/c and asserts that they 'vary by approximately 5% within 4 < pT < 12 GeV/c' without showing that variation. Because the flatness claim is a statement about the pT dependence of the ratio, the pT dependence of the correction is load-bearing, not cosmetic. Please (i) justify the factor 1.4 or attach an uncertainty to it, (ii) show the pT dependence of the background correction explicitly (a table or a curve), and (iii) propagate the uncertainty on the constant-ratio assumption as a systematic band on RAA and RCP. The asymmetry matters: the p+p (0.90) and central Au+Au (0.94) factors differ by about 4%, so a pT-dependent change in the p+p Λ/h ratio tilts RAA, whereas in RCP the central and peripheral factors (0.94 vs 0.95) nearly cancel and only a centrality-dependent pT variation would tilt the plateau. The 'large suppression' claim is safe against a 6-10% correction; the 'approximately constant' claim is the one that needs the quantification.
[Fig. 4 and abstract [abstract:s4]] The statement that 'no evidence of pT-dependent suppression' is observed is not given a quantitative form. No fit of RCP or RAA to a constant over 5 < pT < 12 GeV/c is reported, no χ² or ndf is quoted, and no upper limit is placed on the allowed slope. As written, a reader cannot tell whether the data exclude a 10% rise across the window, a 30% rise, or nothing at all, and the comparison to models that predict a factor ~2 rise in 5 < ET < 12 GeV (ref. [13], as quoted in the text) is therefore not a quantitative exclusion. Please add a constant fit to RCP (and to RAA) over the stated window with its χ² and the fitted slope and uncertainty, so that the null result has a stated sensitivity. This is the single change that would most strengthen the paper's central claim.
[p+p analysis, paragraph beginning 'For p+p collisions relative to peripheral Au+Au'] The p+p spectrum in the region 5 < pT < 12 GeV/c, which sets the RAA denominator and hence the quoted factor 4-5 suppression, is obtained with the event vertex excluded from the track fit and with a CTB matching requirement, giving a pT-resolution correction of 0.89 (+0.05/-0.05) and a tracking correction of 1.18 ± 0.07 (Table I). The independent cross-check in which a primary vertex is found and included in the fit is stated to extend only to pT < 3.5 GeV/c, so it does not validate the method in the window where the claim is made. Please provide a validation of the p+p spectrum at high pT, for example a closure or simulation test of the vertex-excluded fit at 5-12 GeV/c, or a comparison of the p+p spectrum in this range with an independent measurement. Without it, the 14% normalization uncertainty is not the only exposure in the RAA denominator.
[Footnote [25]; Figs. 3 and 4] Footnote [25] reports that a recently found error in the Glauber calculation of ref. [3] yields ⟨Nbin⟩ values 2-6% larger, largest for the most peripheral and most central bins, with negligible change in ⟨Npart⟩. The reader is not told whether the TAA values used in Figs. 3 and 4 and the participant- and binary-scaling reference lines already incorporate this correction. Because the correction is largest precisely in the 0-5% and 60-80% bins that define the two panels of Fig. 4, please state explicitly which values are used and, if the corrected values are not used, show the effect on RCP.

Minor objections (8)

[Abstract] The word 'attentuation' in [abstract:s4] should read 'attenuation'.
[Fig. 1 caption] The caption should state the multiplicative offsets applied to each Au+Au centrality bin (/5, /10, /15, /20, /25, /30) and the factor /20 applied to p+p, and should say which vertical axis each curve refers to, so that the figure can be read without the body text.
[Table I caption] The caption states that the factors 'vary by approximately 5% within 4 < pT < 12 GeV/c and have similar uncertainties'; please replace this with the actual pT dependence, or state the pT points at which the factors were evaluated.
[Footnote [14]] The note that Eq. (2) of ref. [14] implies ⟨L/λ⟩ decreases substantially in 5 < pT < 12 GeV/c is cryptic in context, since the body text uses that same reference to motivate an expected rise in RAA. Please state in one sentence how the decreasing ⟨L/λ⟩ translates into the predicted pT dependence, so the reader can judge the comparison.
[p+p normalization paragraph] The BBC trigger cross section is quoted as 26.1 ± 0.2 (stat) ± 1.8 (sys) mb and the NSD cross section as 30.0 ± 3.5 mb; the relation between the two (the 87 ± 8% NSD acceptance of the trigger) should be stated explicitly so the reader can verify the consistency without doing the division.
[Comparison with ref. [24]] The p+p cross section reported here is stated to be smaller than the ¯p+p measurement of ref. [24] by a factor 0.79 ± 0.18, attributed largely to the differing NSD cross sections (35 ± 1 mb versus 30.0 ± 3.5 mb). A short discussion of whether this difference is fully accounted for by the NSD normalization, or whether a residual pT-dependent discrepancy remains, would help, since the RAA normalization rests on this spectrum.
[Fig. 2 caption] The caption should repeat the statement made in the body text that R200/130 has not been scaled by Nbin(200)/Nbin(130) ≈ 1.02, since a reader consulting the figure alone would otherwise misread the normalization.
[Fig. 1 error bars] The caption says the error bars are the quadrature sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties; for a spectrum with a 14% normalization uncertainty it would be clearer to separate the correlated normalization uncertainty from the point-to-point uncertainties, as is done for RCP.

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The paper

The paper claims

STAR finds high-momentum hadrons from central gold-gold collisions cut down by a nearly constant factor of four to five, with no sign of the momentum dependence that cold-matter or hadron-scattering models predict.

The reading

The STAR Collaboration measures how many charged hadrons come out at high transverse momentum ($p_T$) from gold-gold collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon pair, and compares them to a proton-proton reference measured at the same energy for the first time. The comparison is packaged in the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$, which asks whether a nucleus is just a pile of independent proton-proton collisions; if it were, $R_{AA}$ would equal one. Instead, in the most central (head-on) collisions, the yield is suppressed by a factor of four to five between 6 and 10 GeV/c, and the central-to-peripheral ratio $R_{CP}$ is roughly flat from 5 out to 12 GeV/c. That flatness is the point: several proposed explanations of the suppression predict that it should weaken as momentum rises, and it does not. A reader should care because this is the sharpest statement at the time that the suppression is a property of the dense medium itself rather than of how a jet fragments into hadrons at a particular energy.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing quantity is the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T) = (d^2N_{AA}/dp_T dη) / (T_{AA} d^2σ_{NN}/dp_T dη)$, where the nuclear thickness $T_{AA} = ⟨N_{bin}⟩/σ^{NN}_{inel}$ comes from a Glauber calculation and encodes the geometry of the collision. $R_{AA}=1$ means the nucleus behaves as an incoherent sum of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions; $R_{AA}<1$ means something in the nucleus or the medium removes hadrons from the final state. The companion ratio $R_{CP}$, central over peripheral Au+Au normalized by $⟨N_{bin}⟩$, cancels much of the $p+p$ normalization uncertainty and reaches higher $p_T$ with smaller point-to-point errors, which is why the flatness claim rests on it. The measured $p+p$ spectrum itself is a new ingredient at this energy, and its normalization enters every panel of $R_{AA}$.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper establishes that inclusive charged hadron production in central Au+Au collisions at $100+100$ GeV beams is suppressed relative to the measured $p+p$ reference by a factor of about 4-5 for $6 < p_T < 10$ GeV/c, and that the central-to-peripheral ratio $R_{CP}$ is approximately constant over $5 < p_T < 12$ GeV/c. That constancy is what carries the argument. Models in which jets are attenuated while forming in cold nuclear matter, or in which the fragmenting hadron scatters on its way out, predict a suppression that shrinks as $p_T$ grows over exactly this window; the data show no such rise. By contrast, two perturbative QCD calculations that combine nuclear shadowing, the Cronin effect, and partonic energy loss in a dense medium, and a model of initial-state gluon saturation, reproduce the shape of the suppression, with the saturation model doing well for central collisions but less well for peripheral ones. The paper also reports the collision-energy ratio $R_{200/130}(p_T)$ for four centrality bins, which the pQCD-I calculation attributes mainly to $x$-dependent nuclear shadowing.

Load-bearing premise

The flat plateau above 6 GeV/c rests on subtracting weak-decay backgrounds using hyperon and kaon yield ratios measured only below 6 GeV/c and then assumed constant, with the $Λ$ yield scaled by a hand-chosen factor of 1.4 for $Σ^+$ decays, so a momentum-dependent change in strangeness production over 6 to 12 GeV/c would tilt the plateau.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

The suppression of high-$p_T$ hadrons in central Au+Au is approximately momentum-independent between 5 and 12 GeV/c, so any explanation must produce a plateau rather than a rising $R_{AA}$ over that window.
Cold nuclear matter attenuation of jet formation and in-medium scattering of fragmentation hadrons are disfavored as the dominant cause, since both predict a suppression that weakens with increasing $p_T$.
Models combining nuclear shadowing, the Cronin effect, and final-state partonic energy loss in dense matter describe the $p_T$ and centrality dependence, with the central-collision energy loss adjusted to a density roughly 15 times that of cold nuclear matter.
The initial-state gluon saturation model reproduces the central-collision suppression without fitting its magnitude, but describes the peripheral data less well.
The ratio of yields at 200 and 130 GeV per nucleon pair is consistent with pQCD-I once $x$-dependent nuclear shadowing is included, making the collision-energy dependence a handle on shadowing at low Bjorken $x$.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Because $R_{CP}$ is built from two Au+Au spectra, its flatness is the more robust half of the claim; the absolute depth of $R_{AA}$ inherits the $\pm 14\%$ $p+p$ normalization, so a reader should treat the plateau's existence as firmer than its precise height.
The natural discriminating experiment is the one the paper itself points to: a $d+Au$ run at the same energy would separate initial-state nuclear effects from final-state medium effects, and the flat plateau predicts that $R_{dAu}$ should not show the same factor-of-four suppression.
If the plateau persists to substantially higher $p_T$ than 12 GeV/c, the energy-loss picture would need the medium-induced radiation to remain effective for partons whose formation time exceeds the medium's lifetime, which is a nontrivial constraint on the model.
The energy-dependence ratio $R_{200/130}$ is a cheap consistency check on shadowing parametrizations: a future measurement at a third collision energy with the same detector would over-constrain the $x$ dependence that pQCD-I currently fits.

Original abstract

We report high statistics measurements of inclusive charged hadron production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at \sqrtsNN=200 GeV. A large, approximately constant hadron suppression is observed in central Au+Au collisions for $5\lt\pT\lt12$ GeV/c. The collision energy dependence of the yields and the centrality and \pT dependence of the suppression provide stringent constraints on theoretical models of suppression. Models incorporating initial-state gluon saturation or partonic energy loss in dense matter are largely consistent with observations. We observe no evidence of \pT-dependent suppression, which may be expected from models incorporating jet attentuation in cold nuclear matter or scattering of fragmentation hadrons.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,262 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.18 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.85 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.86 · compares with prior results 0.69 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v4. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We report high statistics measurements of inclusive charged hadron production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at \sqrtsNN=200 GeV. A large, approximately constant hadron suppression is observed in central Au+Au collisions for $5\lt\pT\lt12$ GeV/c. The collision energy dependence of the yields and the centrality and \pT dependence of the suppression provide stringent constraints on theoretical models of suppression. Models incorporating initial-state gluon saturation or partonic energy loss in dense matter are largely consistent with observations. We observe no evidence of \pT-dependent suppression, which may be expected from models incorporating jet attentuation in cold nuclear matter or scattering of fragmentation hadrons.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We report high statistics measurements of inclusive charged hadron production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at \sqrtsNN=200 GeV.	contribution 0.98	0.97	0.05	asserted 1.00
s1	A large, approximately constant hadron suppression is observed in central Au+Au collisions for $5\lt\pT\lt12$ GeV/c.	result 1.00	0.95	0.53	asserted 1.00
s2	The collision energy dependence of the yields and the centrality and \pT dependence of the suppression provide stringent constraints on theoretical models of suppression.	interpretation 0.96	0.49	0.22	asserted 1.00
s3	Models incorporating initial-state gluon saturation or partonic energy loss in dense matter are largely consistent with observations.	interpretation 0.98	0.12	0.17	hedged possibility 0.81
s4	We observe no evidence of \pT-dependent suppression, which may be expected from models incorporating jet attentuation in cold nuclear matter or scattering of fragmentation hadrons.	result 0.77	0.94	0.19	asserted 0.53

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from observation or experiment 1.00.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v4

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

Figures

**Figure 2.** shows R200/130(pT ), the ratio of charged hadron yields at √sNN =200 and 130 GeV[3], for centrality selected Au+Au collisions. Error bars are the quadrature sum of the statistical and systematic uncertainties, dominated for pT>4 GeV/c by statistics at 130 GeV. In the absence of nuclear effects, the hard process inclusive yield in nuclear collisions is expected to scale as hNbini, the average number of binary collisions for the respective centrality selection. R200/130(pT ) has not been scaled by the ratio Nbin(200)/Nbin(130), which Glauber model calculations [3, 25] give as ∼…

**Figure 4.** shows RCP (pT ), the hNbini-normalized ratio of central and peripheral Au+Au spectra. RCP (pT ) extends to higher pT than RAA(pT ), with smaller pointto-point uncertainties. The error bars show the quadrature sum of statistical and uncorrelated systematic uncertainties. Statistical errors dominate the uncertainties for pT>8 GeV/c. Lines and grey bands are as in

Showing 2 of the paper's 4 figures. See all figures in the PDF ↗ Figures reproduced from arXiv:nucl-ex/0305015 by the authors.

References

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Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles with transverse momentum up to 100 GeV in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV
hep-ex 2017-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Charged-particle azimuthal anisotropy in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV persists to transverse momenta of 60-80 GeV/c, and its centrality pattern matches a model in which jet energy loss scales linearly with the path len...
Charged-particle nuclear modification factors in PbPb and pPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV
nucl-ex 2016-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

At 5.02 TeV, central PbPb collisions suppress charged-particle yields by a factor of 7 to 8 near 7 GeV, rising toward unity by 200 GeV, while pPb shows no such suppression and a mild enhancement above 20 GeV.
Linearized Boltzmann transport model for jet propagation in the quark-gluon plasma: Heavy quark evolution
nucl-th 2016-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A linearized Boltzmann transport model for heavy quarks in a hydrodynamic plasma reproduces measured D meson suppression and elliptic flow once the quark transport coefficient is enhanced at low momentum and near the ...
Measurement of jet quenching with semi-inclusive hadron-jet distributions in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV
nucl-ex 2015-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Central Pb-Pb collisions suppress the rate of charged jets recoiling from a high-pT hadron by up to a factor of two, with no measurable change in intra-jet shape within R = 0.5 or in trigger-jet acoplanarity.
Measurement of charged jet production cross sections and nuclear modification in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\rm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV
nucl-ex 2015-03 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Charged jet production in proton-lead collisions at 5.02 TeV agrees with a scaled proton-proton reference within uncertainties, so no strong cold nuclear matter effect on jets is seen up to 120 GeV/c.
Measurement of charged jet suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV
nucl-ex 2013-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Charged jets with radius 0.2 and 0.3 in central Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV are suppressed by a factor of about 2 to 3 relative to peripheral collisions, matching single-hadron suppression and showing no measurable r...
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
hep-ex 2012-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Inclusive jet production in central lead-lead collisions at 2.76 TeV per nucleon is suppressed by roughly a factor of two relative to peripheral collisions, and the suppression depends significantly on jet radius for ...
Study of high-pT charged particle suppression in PbPb compared to pp collisions at sqrt(sNN)=2.76 TeV
nucl-ex 2012-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Charged particles with transverse momentum 5-10 GeV/c are suppressed by up to roughly a factor of 5-7 in central lead-lead collisions at 2.76 TeV, and the suppression weakens to about a factor of 2 at 40-100 GeV/c.
Long range rapidity correlations and jet production in high energy nuclear collisions
nucl-ex 2009-09 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

In central Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV, a narrow-in-azimuth, long-in-rapidity correlated yield (the ridge) persists for trigger pT above 6 GeV/c and has a transverse-momentum spectrum similar to bulk hadrons, unlike t...
Medium-Induced Gluon Radiation off Massive Quarks Fills the Dead Cone
hep-ph 2003-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Medium-induced gluon radiation from a heavy quark fills the dead cone at small angles but is suppressed at large gluon energies relative to a massless quark, so heavy-quark energy loss survives but is reduced.
Heavy Quark Radiative Energy Loss in QCD Matter
nucl-th 2003-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

The GLV opacity series for radiative energy loss generalizes to massive quarks by a single universal frequency shift, (m_g^2 + x^2 M^2)/(2xE), and heavy quark energy loss stays near the incoherent Bethe-Heitler-like limit.
Validating a Machine Learning Approach to Identify Quenched Jets in Heavy-Ion Collisions
hep-ph 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

An LSTM model trained on simulated jet substructure learns to predict true jet energy loss and distinguishes quenching signatures even after realistic detector effects are applied.
Probing the Dependence of Partonic Energy Loss on the Initial Energy Density of the Quark Gluon Plasma
nucl-th 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

Using a phenomenologically motivated spectrum shift model, the authors estimate partonic Δp_T loss and demonstrate its correlation with initial energy density ε_Bj across collision energies, then predict high-pT v2 th...
Probing jet-medium interactions via jet substructure observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
nucl-th 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

In the AMPT model, the medium-induced enhancement of the groomed jet mass at high Mg/pT in PbPb collisions comes from large-angle elastic scattering during the parton cascade, not from hadronization.
Modified Coherence and the Transverse Extent of Jets
hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Using wave-packets and a modified parton shower, the authors show that jets are transversely broad and derive a gluon-TMDPDF-based relation in which the jet transport coefficient qhat weakens with increasing parton vi...
Towards the determination of heavy-quark transport coefficients in quark-gluon plasma
nucl-th 2018-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Tuning six heavy-quark transport models to a common static-medium benchmark reduces the spread in their extracted drag coefficients from a factor of five to a factor of two.
Study of jet quenching with isolated-photon+jet correlations in PbPb and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}} =$ 5.02 TeV
nucl-ex 2017-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

In central PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV, jets opposite an isolated photon carry significantly less momentum than in pp collisions, while the photon-jet angular correlation shows no measurable broadening.
The Electron-Ion Collider: Assessing the Energy Dependence of Key Measurements
nucl-ex 2017-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Simulated projections for a future Electron-Ion Collider show that doubling the center-of-mass energy sharply widens the reach in x and Q2 for spin, imaging, nuclear-structure and saturation measurements.
Event-by-event fluctuations in perturbative QCD + saturation + hydro model: pinning down QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
hep-ph 2015-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

An event-by-event pQCD plus saturation plus viscous hydro model reproduces LHC and RHIC bulk observables and favors a small, mildly rising shear viscosity in the quark-gluon plasma with a small hadronic value, though ...
Measurement of jet suppression in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV
nucl-ex 2015-02 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Jets of radius 0.2 with 40 to 120 GeV transverse momentum are suppressed by about a factor of 3.6 in the 10% most central lead-lead collisions at 2.76 TeV, with R_AA = 0.28 +/- 0.04 and no significant momentum dependence.
Measurements of the Nuclear Modification Factor for Jets in Pb+Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV with the ATLAS Detector
hep-ex 2014-11 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Jets in central lead-lead collisions at 2.76 TeV appear at about half the proton-proton rate, with the ratio rising weakly from 0.47 at 55 GeV to 0.56 at 350 GeV and showing no measurable rapidity dependence.
Medium-induced gluon radiation and colour decoherence beyond the soft approximation
hep-ph 2014-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

The gluon radiation spectrum off a quark in a dense QCD medium is computed to all next-to-eikonal orders, and factorises into dipole cross sections times a colour-decoherence parameter.
Jet quenching phenomenology from soft-collinear effective theory with Glauber gluons
hep-ph 2014-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Medium-modified DGLAP evolution with SCET_G splitting kernels reproduces LHC charged-hadron R_AA and, in the soft-gluon limit, reduces analytically to the traditional energy-loss result.
Cronin Effect and High-p_T Suppression in pA Collisions
hep-ph 2003-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Within the Color Glass Condensate, quantum evolution turns the Cronin enhancement of gluon production in pA collisions into a suppression that grows with energy and with centrality.
Jet cone size dependence of single inclusive jet suppression due to jet quenching in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV
hep-ph 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

Jet nuclear modification factor R_AA increases with cone radius R as in-cone energy loss from elastic recoils and radiated gluons decreases at larger radii.
Production of charged pions, kaons and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb and inelastic pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
nucl-ex 2019-10 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

Identified hadron spectra in Pb-Pb and pp collisions at 5.02 TeV show radial flow about 2% stronger than at 2.76 TeV, with particle ratios and high-pT suppression essentially unchanged.
Centrality and pT dependence of J/psi suppression in proton-nucleus collisions from parton energy loss
hep-ph 2013-04 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A single transport coefficient, fixed earlier from E866 rapidity data, reproduces the pT and centrality dependence of J/psi suppression in p-A collisions and yields LHC predictions.
Comparison of Jet Quenching Formalisms for a Quark-Gluon Plasma "Brick"
hep-ph 2011-06 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

A controlled comparison of four perturbative-QCD jet-quenching formalisms on the same uniform-medium benchmark finds sizable differences in gluon radiation and energy loss, traceable mainly to large-angle and finite-l...
The Surprising Transparency of the sQGP at LHC
hep-ph 2011-04 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A perturbative QCD energy-loss model, anchored to RHIC pion suppression and scaled by the LHC charged-particle multiplicity, over-predicts jet quenching relative to ALICE central-to-peripheral data.
Causal Viscous Hydrodynamics for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
nucl-th 2009-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

Causal viscous hydrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions with shear viscosity near the KSS bound suppresses elliptic flow by roughly 30%, making v2 a sensitive diagnostic of the quark-gluon plasma shear viscosity to entropy ratio.
Hydrodynamic description of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
nucl-th 2003-05 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

Hydrodynamic calculations whose parameters are fixed on central-collision spectra reproduce the measured elliptic flow and mass-ordered spectra in Au+Au collisions at RHIC up to about 1.5-2 GeV/c, implying thermalizat...
Properties of the QCD Matter -- An Experimental Review of Selected Results from RHIC BES Program
nucl-ex 2024-07 conditional novelty 2.0 of 10

A review compiling STAR beam-energy-scan results on collectivity, chirality, criticality, global polarization, strangeness, heavy flavor, dileptons and light nuclei, prefaced by the history of the Chinese-built STAR M...
Heavy quarks and jets as probes of the QGP
hep-ph 2022-03 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

A comprehensive review connecting jet, heavy-flavor, and quarkonium measurements at RHIC and the LHC to the theoretical descriptions of parton energy loss, diffusion, and quarkonium suppression in the quark-gluon plasma.
Heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: a review of the results from Run 1
nucl-ex 2015-11 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

Run 1 at the LHC confirmed that PbPb collisions create a dense, strongly collective, nearly ideal fluid that is opaque to energetic partons, and unexpectedly found collective-like behaviour in high-multiplicity pPb co...
Gauge/String Duality, Hot QCD and Heavy Ion Collisions
hep-th 2011-01 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

The review synthesizes a decade of work showing that strongly coupled plasma calculations from gauge/string duality give a coherent, quantitatively useful picture of hot QCD matter and heavy ion observables.

How later papers used it

119 later papers cite it

Evidence: some. 119 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 22 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 9 of the 140 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

6 later papers by other authors are listed below: 6 used its data or values.

Uses its data or values 6 of 14 papers with this label

The principle data sets used in this analysis are charged particle spectra from ALICE [ref] and ATLAS [ref] at = 5.44 TeV, ALICE [ref] results at = 5.02 TeV and 2.76 TeV, STAR [ref] and PHENIX [ref] charged particle spectra from collisions at = 200 GeV, and STAR $π^0$ data from [ref] also at = 200 GeV.

Probing the Dependence of Partonic Energy Loss on the Initial Energy Density of the Quark Gluon Plasma (2025) · Analysis · 1.00
Used the cross section as determined by a van der Meer scan to obtain its integrated luminosity.

Upsilon cross section in p+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV (2010) · 0.83 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Took the total particle density from the measured spectrum in this paper.

Soft Contribution to the Hard Ridge in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions (2009) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used the inelastic nucleon-nucleon cross section of 42 mb at 200 GeV from this paper in its nuclear thickness calculation.

Cold Nuclear Matter Effects on Inclusive $J/\psi$ Production in $p+\text{Au}$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_\text{NN}}$ = 200 GeV with the STAR Experiment (2026) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Weighted STAR charged hadron v2 data with charged single inclusive hadron spectra from this paper.

Flow in AA and pA as an interplay of fluid-like and non-fluid like excitations (2019) · 0.86 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Took the total particle density from the measured spectrum in this paper.

The Glasma and the Hard Ridge (2009) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

95 arXiv papers cite this in 113 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 78 sentences without a confident label

Uses its data or values 9 papers

The principle data sets used in this analysis are charged particle spectra from ALICE [ref] and ATLAS [ref] at = 5.44 TeV, ALICE [ref] results at = 5.02 TeV and 2.76 TeV, STAR [ref] and PHENIX [ref] charged particle spectra from collisions at = 200 GeV, and STAR $π^0$ data from [ref] also at = 200 GeV.

Probing the Dependence of Partonic Energy Loss on the Initial Energy Density of the Quark Gluon Plasma · Analysis · 1.00
The integrated luminosity for Trigger I was $ℒ=3.12±0.22$ (syst.) , and for Trigger II it was $ℒ= 4.76±0.33$ (syst.) , giving a total integrated luminosity of 7.9 $±$ 0.6 , where the 7% uncertainty originates from the uncertainty in the BBC measurement of the cross section as determined by a van der Meer scan [ref] .

Upsilon cross section in p+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV · Trigger Performance · 0.83
We take $ρ_1,tot$ from the measured spectrum in Ref. [ref] and $ρ_1,B$ from the blast wave calculation with the appropriate normalization.

Soft Contribution to the Hard Ridge in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions · Jets, Glasma, and Correlations · 1.00

Compares with it 2 papers

The comparison of the calculated $p_T$-spectra of charged hadrons with the ALICE measurement [ref] in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC is shown in Fig. [ref]a, and the corresponding comparison with the STAR [ref] and PHENIX [ref] data in Au+Au collisions at RHIC is shown in Fig. [ref]b.

Event-by-event fluctuations in perturbative QCD + saturation + hydro model: pinning down QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions · Multiplicities, $p_T$–spectra and average $p_T$ · 0.92
The experimental data from the STAR Collaboration are plotted for comparison [ref] .

QCD equation of state with Tsallis statistics for heavy-ion collisions · Collision energy dependence · 0.96

Cites it as background 21 papers

The three most important results that came out from the heavy ion programme at RHIC are (i) dramatic suppression of inclusive hadrons production at large transverse momentum (high $p_T$ suppression) [ref] , (ii) disappearance of away side two hadron correlation peak [ref] and (iii) large elliptic flow [ref] .

Jet quenching and elliptic flow · Introduction · 0.81
The nuclear modification factor of nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC has been studied extensively for interactions at $= 39$ [ref] $62.4$ [ref] , $130$ [ref] and $200$ [ref] , as well as for interactions at $= 22.4$ [ref] , $62.4$ [ref] and $200$ [ref] .

Nucleon-Gold Collisions at 200 AGeV Using Tagged d+Au Interactions in PHOBOS · An Improved Reference System · 0.84
The experimental attempts started at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) with the observation of suppression in the yield of single inclusive hadrons [ref] and associated hadrons (dihadrons) [ref] produced with high transverse momentum relative to the yield in proton-proton collisions.

Hard jet substructure in a multistage approach · Introduction · 0.80

Discussion

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