The large N limit of superconformal field theories is dual to supergravity on Anti-de Sitter spacetimes.
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The Black Hole in Three Dimensional Space Time
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abstract
The standard Einstein-Maxwell equations in 2+1 spacetime dimensions, with a negative cosmological constant, admit a black hole solution. The 2+1 black hole -characterized by mass, angular momentum and charge, defined by flux integrals at infinity- is quite similar to its 3+1 counterpart. Anti-de Sitter space appears as a negative energy state separated by a mass gap from the continuous black hole spectrum. Evaluation of the partition function yields that the entropy is equal to twice the perimeter length of the horizon.
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Proposes a duality between AdS3 gravity with dS2 branes and CFT2 with non-unitary boundary conditions to realize dS holography via complex saddles and state preparation in unitary AdS/CFT.
Proposes stress tensor deformation dictionary in dS/CFT via metric-flow and mixed boundary conditions at future infinity, with exact consistency check in Kerr-dS3/CFT2 and pseudo entropy computations for TTbar and root-TTbar deformations.
Defines Boltzmann-Wasserstein distance on quantum theories via optimal W2 transport of Boltzmann-weighted spectra, equates it to thermal correlators, and constructs a Schwinger-Keldysh wormhole saddle that reproduces the spectral optimum.
A solvable 3d quantum gravity model is defined by summing Virasoro TQFT copies over all topologies, shown to be dual to a 2d CFT ensemble and to exhibit semiclassical features such as cured negative density of states and Hawking-Page transition in the large-c limit.
A coordinate map from AdS3 to BTZ allows construction of circular strings, magnons, and plane waves whose SL(2,R) charges are related by a boost, dual to asymmetric local quenches in the thermal CFT.
New exact charged black hole solutions in (2+1)D f(Q) gravity with cubic form yield a novel AdS solution without GR counterpart, with multiple horizons, stable thermodynamics, and stable photon orbits.
In AdS3 gravity with double-trace scalar boundary conditions, zero-frequency boson stars are the true ground state below the instability threshold, and hairy black holes carry higher entropy than BTZ at fixed mass and angular momentum.
A parameterized family of non-relativistic supergravity theories with torsion is obtained in three dimensions from the semigroup expansion of an N=2 supersymmetric Mielke-Baekler algebra.
Pole-skipping data encodes enough information to reconstruct the full metric of 3D rotating black holes and the radial functions of 4D separable rotating black holes, with Einstein equations becoming algebraic constraints on that data.
Scalar quasinormal modes on pp-wave spacetimes show zero-temperature dissipation for d >= 3 via an irregular singular point acting as absorber, with exact non-dissipative spectrum for d=2 and gapped modes proven by reduction to Bessel equation.
Near-extremal BTZ and warped BTZ in TMG receive log-T corrections from Schwarzian and rotational zero modes whose full-geometry eigenvalues match the throat after non-normalizable eigenfunction corrections and BC specification.
Quantum width of BTZ horizon computed via holography is (G_N L_AdS^3)^{1/4}, parametrically larger than Planck scale and logarithmically divergent in the UV.
Quantum backreaction generates horizons that cloak the Choptuik naked singularity, reducing its predictability violation to the standard black hole evaporation problem.
Proposal that compact d-manifolds with elliptic data prepare boundary quantum states |J>, with Rényi entropies from path integrals agreeing with minimal-surface formulas after analytic continuation.
Spacetime symmetries generate stealth Proca vector fields on arbitrary backgrounds, enabling exact Proca-haired rotating black holes in all dimensions.
Exact Krylov correlators in sl(2,R) models are proportional to radial momenta in BTZ black holes, extending the complexity-momentum correspondence to include fluctuations.
Symmetry reduction of 3D AdS Chern-Simons gravity on toroidal boundary yields two inequivalent 1D boundary theories: standard Schwarzian and affine-deformed Schwarzian with Kac-Moody extensions.
The Smarr formula is structurally identical to the single-copy Gauss's law for Kerr-Schild black holes, with the AdS pressure-volume term arising from gauge background subtraction.
Black hole horizons in 2+1D are composed of quantized length quanta 8π ℓ_P n, producing entropy near the Bekenstein-Hawking value and a local Hawking spectrum via a length ensemble.
The paper proposes that condensate competition in the 2d Gross-Neveu model generates an emergent AdS₃ bulk, a higher-spin tower, D1-branes, and linearized Einstein gravity with G₃ = ℓ_AdS/4πN².
Typical states in large-N holographic CFTs exhibit UV and IR length scales set by energy and charges, producing factorization that isolates black holes via a corona of saturated entanglement wedges and extends ETH to rotating ensembles.
The paper classifies families of closed bosonic string solutions in the near-horizon non-extremal BTZ spacetime and identifies novel features via string-Carroll expansion.
Semiclassical one-loop analysis of solvable near-critical collapse solutions shows quantum corrections selecting a Boulware-like state and producing a growing mode that yields a finite mass gap and a transition to Type I behavior, enforcing weak cosmic censorship.
citing papers explorer
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The Large N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity
The large N limit of superconformal field theories is dual to supergravity on Anti-de Sitter spacetimes.
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Monitoring a de Sitter universe through an anti-de Sitter window
Proposes a duality between AdS3 gravity with dS2 branes and CFT2 with non-unitary boundary conditions to realize dS holography via complex saddles and state preparation in unitary AdS/CFT.
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Stress Tensor Deformations in dS/CFT: Mixed Boundary Conditions, Spectrum Flow and Pseudo Entropy
Proposes stress tensor deformation dictionary in dS/CFT via metric-flow and mixed boundary conditions at future infinity, with exact consistency check in Kerr-dS3/CFT2 and pseudo entropy computations for TTbar and root-TTbar deformations.
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Notes on Wasserstein distance and wormholes
Defines Boltzmann-Wasserstein distance on quantum theories via optimal W2 transport of Boltzmann-weighted spectra, equates it to thermal correlators, and constructs a Schwinger-Keldysh wormhole saddle that reproduces the spectral optimum.
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A solvable model of 3d quantum gravity
A solvable 3d quantum gravity model is defined by summing Virasoro TQFT copies over all topologies, shown to be dual to a 2d CFT ensemble and to exhibit semiclassical features such as cured negative density of states and Hawking-Page transition in the large-c limit.
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Circular strings, magnons, plane waves and local quenches in BTZ
A coordinate map from AdS3 to BTZ allows construction of circular strings, magnons, and plane waves whose SL(2,R) charges are related by a boost, dual to asymmetric local quenches in the thermal CFT.
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3-dimensional charged black holes in $f({Q})$ gravity
New exact charged black hole solutions in (2+1)D f(Q) gravity with cubic form yield a novel AdS solution without GR counterpart, with multiple horizons, stable thermodynamics, and stable photon orbits.
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When AdS$_3$ Grows Hair: Boson Stars, Black Holes, and Double-Trace Deformations
In AdS3 gravity with double-trace scalar boundary conditions, zero-frequency boson stars are the true ground state below the instability threshold, and hairy black holes carry higher entropy than BTZ at fixed mass and angular momentum.
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Non-Relativistic Chern-Simons Supergravity with Torsion
A parameterized family of non-relativistic supergravity theories with torsion is obtained in three dimensions from the semigroup expansion of an N=2 supersymmetric Mielke-Baekler algebra.
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Probing bulk geometry via pole skipping: from static to rotating spacetimes
Pole-skipping data encodes enough information to reconstruct the full metric of 3D rotating black holes and the radial functions of 4D separable rotating black holes, with Einstein equations becoming algebraic constraints on that data.
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Quasinormal Modes of pp-Wave Spacetimes and Zero Temperature Dissipation
Scalar quasinormal modes on pp-wave spacetimes show zero-temperature dissipation for d >= 3 via an irregular singular point acting as absorber, with exact non-dissipative spectrum for d=2 and gapped modes proven by reduction to Bessel equation.
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Quantum corrections to the near-extremal thermodynamics of (warped) BTZ black holes
Near-extremal BTZ and warped BTZ in TMG receive log-T corrections from Schwarzian and rotational zero modes whose full-geometry eigenvalues match the throat after non-normalizable eigenfunction corrections and BC specification.
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Large Quantum Gravity Fluctuations of BTZ Black Holes
Quantum width of BTZ horizon computed via holography is (G_N L_AdS^3)^{1/4}, parametrically larger than Planck scale and logarithmically divergent in the UV.
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Quantum fate of the Choptuik naked singularity
Quantum backreaction generates horizons that cloak the Choptuik naked singularity, reducing its predictability violation to the standard black hole evaporation problem.
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Quantum State of a Gravitating Region
Proposal that compact d-manifolds with elliptic data prepare boundary quantum states |J>, with Rényi entropies from path integrals agreeing with minimal-surface formulas after analytic continuation.
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Proca-type Hair of Rotating Black Holes in Higher Dimensions
Spacetime symmetries generate stealth Proca vector fields on arbitrary backgrounds, enabling exact Proca-haired rotating black holes in all dimensions.
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Krylov Correlators in $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb R)$ Models: Exact Results and Holographic Complexity
Exact Krylov correlators in sl(2,R) models are proportional to radial momenta in BTZ black holes, extending the complexity-momentum correspondence to include fluctuations.
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Dimensional reduction of AdS3 Chern-Simons gravity: Schwarzian and affine boundary theories
Symmetry reduction of 3D AdS Chern-Simons gravity on toroidal boundary yields two inequivalent 1D boundary theories: standard Schwarzian and affine-deformed Schwarzian with Kac-Moody extensions.
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The Smarr Formula is Gauss's Law: A Kerr-Schild Single-Copy Perspective
The Smarr formula is structurally identical to the single-copy Gauss's law for Kerr-Schild black holes, with the AdS pressure-volume term arising from gauge background subtraction.
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Hawking radiation from black holes in 2+1 dimensions
Black hole horizons in 2+1D are composed of quantized length quanta 8π ℓ_P n, producing entropy near the Bekenstein-Hawking value and a local Hawking spectrum via a length ensemble.
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Higher-spin composites and emergent AdS$_3$ geometry in the $(1+1)$-dimensional Gross-Neveu model
The paper proposes that condensate competition in the 2d Gross-Neveu model generates an emergent AdS₃ bulk, a higher-spin tower, D1-branes, and linearized Einstein gravity with G₃ = ℓ_AdS/4πN².
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Entanglement inequalities, black holes and the architecture of typical states
Typical states in large-N holographic CFTs exhibit UV and IR length scales set by energy and charges, producing factorization that isolates black holes via a corona of saturated entanglement wedges and extends ETH to rotating ensembles.
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Strings near BTZ black holes: A Carrollian Chronicle
The paper classifies families of closed bosonic string solutions in the near-horizon non-extremal BTZ spacetime and identifies novel features via string-Carroll expansion.
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Unveiling horizons in quantum critical collapse
Semiclassical one-loop analysis of solvable near-critical collapse solutions shows quantum corrections selecting a Boulware-like state and producing a growing mode that yields a finite mass gap and a transition to Type I behavior, enforcing weak cosmic censorship.
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Undulating Conformal Boundaries in 3D Gravity
Inhomogeneous torus boundaries in 3D gravity are thermodynamically favourable for AdS in the range 2 < K |Λ|^{-1/2} < 3/√2 and support macroscopic entropy for all Λ.
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Holographic realization of higher-spin Carrollian free fields
A bulk construction in asymptotically flat higher-spin gravity realizes Carrollian free fields and Miura transformations via generalized boundary conditions and screening charges.
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Spinning States and Unitarity in 3D Gravity
Spinning states scaled with central charge cancel negative densities in 3D gravity, reinterpreted as bulk defects or overspinning BTZ quotients of AdS3 that preserve the gap but exhibit causal pathologies.
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On Integrable Structures on Non-compact Boundaries in Three-Dimensional Gravity
In the diagonal (Cartan) sector of AdS3 gravity, the radial flow of the quasi-local stress tensor satisfies an exact T Tbar-like equation, while the boundary time evolution forms an integrable bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy.
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Geometrically Regular Black Object Solutions in Lower-Dimensional Gauss-Bonnet Gravity and Its Unimodular Extension
Regular black-hole and black-bounce solutions are derived in lower-dimensional EGB gravity using nonlinear electrodynamics or unimodular extensions, with thermodynamics showing modified evaporation, remnants, and phase transitions.
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Multi-entropy in heavy local quenches
Genuine multi-entropy in heavy local quenches in 2D holographic CFTs is kinematically fixed to logarithms of rational functions of time, independent of heavy operator dimension, due to global saddle selection in the geodesic network.
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Field Theory Models for a Holographic Superconductor in Two Dimensions
Field theory models with Robin boundary conditions and modular invariance reproduce zero-winding holographic superconductor results in 2D CFTs and interpret fractional vortices via a Little-Parks toy model.
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Quantum Gravity Beyond the Bulk
Proposes reducing quantum gravity dynamics to Regge-Teitelboim boundary charges in an asymptotic proper-time gauge, yielding a Berry-phase effective Hamiltonian after integrating out bulk modes.
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New analytic solutions of non-SUSY black branes in $10$-D heterotic supergravity and the phase transition
New exact non-SUSY black brane solutions in 10D heterotic supergravity with two gauge charges show a spontaneous symmetry breaking and dynamical instability at low temperature that predicts additional black hole solutions.
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Toward a worldsheet theory of entanglement entropy
A new action for entanglement entropy in AdS3/CFT2 derives gravity equations, reduces to a string worldsheet, reproduces bit threads, and unifies several quantum gravity conjectures.
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From BTZ Perturbations to Schwarzian Modes: A Geometrical and Perturbative Analysis
Schwarzian modes emerge from the general solution of BTZ perturbations at finite temperature with no rotational modes present, and are equivalently obtained via a Kerr-Schild construction that connects to the double copy.
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The degrees of freedom of multiway junctions in three dimensional gravity
n-way junctions in 3D gravity correspond to n-1 coupled Nambu-Goto strings with Monge-Ampère sources whose degrees of freedom survive the tensionless limit, implying matter-like behavior from pure gravity and perfect reflection of wavepackets in the dual CFT.
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Quantum-Gravitational Backreaction in the BTZ Background from Curved Momentum Space
A semiclassical deformed BTZ solution encodes Planck-scale kinematic modifications from curved momentum space in a nonlinear microscopic-to-ADM mass map, leaving local geometry and thermodynamics unchanged in form.
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Kerr-de Sitter Black Holes: Quantum Aspects and Cosmic Censorship Conjecture
Quantum corrections to Kerr-de Sitter black holes prevent over-extremization by test particles, keeping the weak cosmic censorship conjecture intact.
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Revisiting near-extremal and near-BPS black holes in AdS3 supergravity
Quantum analysis of AdS3 supergravity path integrals at low temperature shows near-horizon region inequivalent to BTZ and sharpens near-extremal versus near-BPS distinctions.
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Rotating Thin Shells in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Rotating thin shells in EGB gravity are either vacuum or carry pressure in one tangential direction only, with motion equations resembling GR continuity; vacuum shells can collapse to naked singularities or form stable static solutions when both sides are overextremal.
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Entanglement inequalities for timelike intervals within dynamical holography
Timelike mutual information is positive and weak monotonicity holds for non-overlapping timelike subregions in AdS3-Vaidya holography, but the timelike strong subadditivity is violated for overlapping intervals while Araki-Lieb and subadditivity hold.
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Stationary scalar clouds around a rotating Kalb-Ramond BTZ black hole
Stationary scalar clouds exist around rotating KR BTZ black holes at superradiant threshold ω=mΩ_H, with positive KR parameter allowing nonmonotonic existence lines under Robin boundaries.
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Photon spheres and bulk probes in $\text{AdS}_3$/$\text{CFT}_2$: the quantum BTZ black hole
Conditions for boundary-anchored geodesics are derived in all branches of the quantum BTZ black hole, supporting a conjecture that photon spheres enable space-like connections between time-like separated boundary points.
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Superradiance -- the 2020 Edition
Black-hole superradiance extracts energy via the ergoregion and can trigger instabilities with applications to dark matter, beyond-Standard-Model physics, and laboratory analogs.
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Near-horizon modifications in finite $N$ holography
Explicit reconstructions in modified near-horizon AdS2 and BTZ geometries recover prior non-locality estimates controlled by a throat parameter and exhibit dip-ramp-plateau spectral form factors in 3D.
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Black holes with quantum corrections in $3d$: The case of Page curve in Lindblad, greybody factor, and Lyapunov exponent
Applies Lindblad open quantum system methods to quantum-corrected 3d AdS black holes to analyze Page curve zig-zag, greybody factors, and Lyapunov exponents in Cotler-Jensen theory.
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Lecture notes on strings in AdS$_3$ from the worldsheet and the AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ duality
Lecture notes deliver a self-contained pedagogical overview of worldsheet strings in AdS3 with NSNS flux, summarizing 25 years of results with emphasis on spectrally flowed correlation functions.
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Quasinormal modes of black holes and black branes
Quasinormal modes are eigenmodes of dissipative gravitational systems whose spectra encode near-equilibrium transport coefficients in dual quantum field theories and enable tests of general relativity through gravitational wave observations.
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The Carrollian Kaleidoscope
A review summarizing Carrollian symmetries, CCFT constructions, and applications in AFS holography, Carroll hydrodynamics, and condensed matter phenomena such as fractons and flat bands.