JOPAT jointly models pixels, point tracks, and actions in a diffusion transformer and reports gains over pixel-only baselines on long-horizon robot tasks with occlusion and off-screen motion.
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R3M: A Universal Visual Representation for Robot Manipulation
Canonical reference. 93% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
We study how visual representations pre-trained on diverse human video data can enable data-efficient learning of downstream robotic manipulation tasks. Concretely, we pre-train a visual representation using the Ego4D human video dataset using a combination of time-contrastive learning, video-language alignment, and an L1 penalty to encourage sparse and compact representations. The resulting representation, R3M, can be used as a frozen perception module for downstream policy learning. Across a suite of 12 simulated robot manipulation tasks, we find that R3M improves task success by over 20% compared to training from scratch and by over 10% compared to state-of-the-art visual representations like CLIP and MoCo. Furthermore, R3M enables a Franka Emika Panda arm to learn a range of manipulation tasks in a real, cluttered apartment given just 20 demonstrations. Code and pre-trained models are available at https://tinyurl.com/robotr3m.
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representative citing papers
RoboWM-Bench evaluates video world models by converting their manipulation video predictions into executable actions validated in simulation, showing that visual plausibility does not guarantee physical executability.
Multimodal Diffusion Forcing trains a diffusion model on partially masked multimodal robot trajectories to learn temporal and cross-modal dependencies for forceful manipulation.
DreamGen trains robot policies on synthetic trajectories from adapted video world models, enabling a humanoid robot to perform 22 new behaviors in seen and unseen environments from a single pick-and-place teleoperation dataset.
SuSIE uses a finetuned InstructPix2Pix diffusion model to propose subgoal images that guide a low-level goal-conditioned policy, achieving SOTA zero-shot performance on CALVIN and real-world manipulation.
VoxPoser uses LLMs to compose 3D value maps via VLM interaction for model-based synthesis of robust robot trajectories on open-set language-specified manipulation tasks.
VIP learns a visual embedding from human videos whose distance defines dense, smooth rewards for arbitrary goal-image robot tasks without task-specific fine-tuning.
SayCan combines an LLM's high-level semantic knowledge with robot skill value functions to select only feasible actions, enabling completion of abstract natural-language instructions on a real mobile manipulator.
DeMiAn re-annotates robot and egocentric videos with VLM-generated dense labels across motion, scene, pose, and reasoning aspects, then uses a learned instructor to boost policy success by 5 points on RoboCasa over task-only baselines.
LACE aligns human-robot visual features via semantic distribution matching on corresponding body parts plus Gram loss, yielding 65% better zero-shot policy transfer than baseline DINO.
HumanNet is a 1M-hour human-centric video dataset with interaction annotations that enables better vision-language-action model performance than equivalent robot data in a controlled test.
Decompose and Recompose decomposes seen robotic demonstrations into skill-action alignments and recomposes them via visual-semantic retrieval and planning to enable zero-shot cross-task generalization.
GazeVLA pretrains on large human egocentric datasets to capture gaze-based intention, then finetunes on limited robot data with chain-of-thought reasoning to achieve better robotic manipulation performance than baselines.
UniT creates a unified physical language via visual anchoring and tri-branch reconstruction to enable scalable human-to-humanoid transfer for policy learning and world modeling.
WARPED synthesizes realistic wrist-view observations from monocular egocentric human videos via foundation models, hand-object tracking, retargeting, and Gaussian Splatting to train visuomotor policies that match teleoperation success rates on five tabletop tasks with 5-8x less collection effort.
ProGAL-VLA uses 3D graphs, symbolic sub-goals, and a Grounding Alignment Contrastive loss to ground actions on verified embeddings, raising robustness from 30.3% to 71.5% and ambiguity AUROC to 0.81 on robotic benchmarks.
Hierarchical planning over multi-scale latent world models enables 70% success on real robotic pick-and-place with goal-only input where flat models achieve 0%, while cutting planning compute up to 4x in simulations.
MV-VDP jointly predicts multi-view RGB and heatmap videos via diffusion to achieve data-efficient, robust robotic manipulation policies.
PALM improves long-horizon robotic manipulation success by distilling affordance representations for object interaction and predicting within-subtask progress in a VLA model.
DreamTacVLA grounds VLA models in contact physics by aligning multi-scale vision-tactile inputs and predicting future tactile states, reaching up to 95% success on contact-rich tasks.
Video diffusion models supply goal-driven rewards for RL by measuring alignment of agent trajectories with generated goal videos at both video and frame levels.
Uni-Hand forecasts 2D/3D hand waypoints, head motion, and contact states in egocentric views using vision-language fusion and dual-branch diffusion, with new benchmarks for downstream robotics and action tasks.
InternVLA-M1 uses spatially guided pre-training on 2.3M examples followed by action post-training to deliver up to 17% gains on robot manipulation benchmarks and 20.6% on unseen objects.
EgoVLA pretrains VLA models on egocentric human videos, retargets predicted actions to robots via IK, and fine-tunes on few robot demos to improve bimanual manipulation performance on a new simulation benchmark.
citing papers explorer
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Point Tracking Improves World Action Models
JOPAT jointly models pixels, point tracks, and actions in a diffusion transformer and reports gains over pixel-only baselines on long-horizon robot tasks with occlusion and off-screen motion.
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RoboWM-Bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating World Models in Robotic Manipulation
RoboWM-Bench evaluates video world models by converting their manipulation video predictions into executable actions validated in simulation, showing that visual plausibility does not guarantee physical executability.
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Multimodal Diffusion Forcing for Forceful Manipulation
Multimodal Diffusion Forcing trains a diffusion model on partially masked multimodal robot trajectories to learn temporal and cross-modal dependencies for forceful manipulation.
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DreamGen: Unlocking Generalization in Robot Learning through Video World Models
DreamGen trains robot policies on synthetic trajectories from adapted video world models, enabling a humanoid robot to perform 22 new behaviors in seen and unseen environments from a single pick-and-place teleoperation dataset.
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Zero-Shot Robotic Manipulation with Pretrained Image-Editing Diffusion Models
SuSIE uses a finetuned InstructPix2Pix diffusion model to propose subgoal images that guide a low-level goal-conditioned policy, achieving SOTA zero-shot performance on CALVIN and real-world manipulation.
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VoxPoser: Composable 3D Value Maps for Robotic Manipulation with Language Models
VoxPoser uses LLMs to compose 3D value maps via VLM interaction for model-based synthesis of robust robot trajectories on open-set language-specified manipulation tasks.
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VIP: Towards Universal Visual Reward and Representation via Value-Implicit Pre-Training
VIP learns a visual embedding from human videos whose distance defines dense, smooth rewards for arbitrary goal-image robot tasks without task-specific fine-tuning.
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Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances
SayCan combines an LLM's high-level semantic knowledge with robot skill value functions to select only feasible actions, enabling completion of abstract natural-language instructions on a real mobile manipulator.
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How to Instruct Your Robot: Dense Language Annotations Power Robot Policy Learning
DeMiAn re-annotates robot and egocentric videos with VLM-generated dense labels across motion, scene, pose, and reasoning aspects, then uses a learned instructor to boost policy success by 5 points on RoboCasa over task-only baselines.
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LACE: Latent Visual Representation for Cross-Embodiment Learning
LACE aligns human-robot visual features via semantic distribution matching on corresponding body parts plus Gram loss, yielding 65% better zero-shot policy transfer than baseline DINO.
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HumanNet: Scaling Human-centric Video Learning to One Million Hours
HumanNet is a 1M-hour human-centric video dataset with interaction annotations that enables better vision-language-action model performance than equivalent robot data in a controlled test.
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Decompose and Recompose: Reasoning New Skills from Existing Abilities for Cross-Task Robotic Manipulation
Decompose and Recompose decomposes seen robotic demonstrations into skill-action alignments and recomposes them via visual-semantic retrieval and planning to enable zero-shot cross-task generalization.
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GazeVLA: Learning Human Intention for Robotic Manipulation
GazeVLA pretrains on large human egocentric datasets to capture gaze-based intention, then finetunes on limited robot data with chain-of-thought reasoning to achieve better robotic manipulation performance than baselines.
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UniT: Toward a Unified Physical Language for Human-to-Humanoid Policy Learning and World Modeling
UniT creates a unified physical language via visual anchoring and tri-branch reconstruction to enable scalable human-to-humanoid transfer for policy learning and world modeling.
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WARPED: Wrist-Aligned Rendering for Robot Policy Learning from Egocentric Human Demonstrations
WARPED synthesizes realistic wrist-view observations from monocular egocentric human videos via foundation models, hand-object tracking, retargeting, and Gaussian Splatting to train visuomotor policies that match teleoperation success rates on five tabletop tasks with 5-8x less collection effort.
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ProGAL-VLA: Grounded Alignment through Prospective Reasoning in Vision-Language-Action Models
ProGAL-VLA uses 3D graphs, symbolic sub-goals, and a Grounding Alignment Contrastive loss to ground actions on verified embeddings, raising robustness from 30.3% to 71.5% and ambiguity AUROC to 0.81 on robotic benchmarks.
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Hierarchical Planning with Latent World Models
Hierarchical planning over multi-scale latent world models enables 70% success on real robotic pick-and-place with goal-only input where flat models achieve 0%, while cutting planning compute up to 4x in simulations.
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Multi-View Video Diffusion Policy: A 3D Spatio-Temporal-Aware Video Action Model
MV-VDP jointly predicts multi-view RGB and heatmap videos via diffusion to achieve data-efficient, robust robotic manipulation policies.
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PALM: Progress-Aware Policy Learning via Affordance Reasoning for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation
PALM improves long-horizon robotic manipulation success by distilling affordance representations for object interaction and predicting within-subtask progress in a VLA model.
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Learning to Feel the Future: DreamTacVLA for Contact-Rich Manipulation
DreamTacVLA grounds VLA models in contact physics by aligning multi-scale vision-tactile inputs and predicting future tactile states, reaching up to 95% success on contact-rich tasks.
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Goal-Driven Reward by Video Diffusion Models for Reinforcement Learning
Video diffusion models supply goal-driven rewards for RL by measuring alignment of agent trajectories with generated goal videos at both video and frame levels.
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Uni-Hand: Universal Hand Motion Forecasting in Egocentric Views
Uni-Hand forecasts 2D/3D hand waypoints, head motion, and contact states in egocentric views using vision-language fusion and dual-branch diffusion, with new benchmarks for downstream robotics and action tasks.
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InternVLA-M1: A Spatially Guided Vision-Language-Action Framework for Generalist Robot Policy
InternVLA-M1 uses spatially guided pre-training on 2.3M examples followed by action post-training to deliver up to 17% gains on robot manipulation benchmarks and 20.6% on unseen objects.
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EgoVLA: Learning Vision-Language-Action Models from Egocentric Human Videos
EgoVLA pretrains VLA models on egocentric human videos, retargets predicted actions to robots via IK, and fine-tunes on few robot demos to improve bimanual manipulation performance on a new simulation benchmark.
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DexWild: Dexterous Human Interactions for In-the-Wild Robot Policies
DexWild co-trains dexterous robot policies on in-the-wild human hand interactions recorded with a low-cost system and limited robot data, achieving 68.5% success in unseen environments and 5.8x better cross-embodiment generalization.
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GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robots
GR00T N1 is a new open VLA foundation model for humanoid robots that outperforms imitation learning baselines in simulation and shows strong performance on real-world bimanual manipulation tasks.
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Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representations
Video Prediction Policy conditions robot action learning on future-frame predictions inside fine-tuned video diffusion models, yielding 18.6% relative gains on Calvin ABC-D and 31.6% higher real-world success rates.
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DINO-WM: World Models on Pre-trained Visual Features enable Zero-shot Planning
DINO-WM builds world models on pre-trained DINOv2 features to enable zero-shot planning from offline data without rewards or demonstrations.
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GR-2: A Generative Video-Language-Action Model with Web-Scale Knowledge for Robot Manipulation
GR-2 pre-trains on web-scale videos then fine-tunes on robot data to reach 97.7% average success across over 100 manipulation tasks with strong generalization to new scenes and objects.
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Gen2Act: Human Video Generation in Novel Scenarios enables Generalizable Robot Manipulation
Gen2Act enables generalizable robot manipulation for unseen objects and novel motions by using zero-shot human video generation from web data to condition a policy trained on an order of magnitude less robot interaction data.
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Mobile ALOHA: Learning Bimanual Mobile Manipulation with Low-Cost Whole-Body Teleoperation
A low-cost whole-body teleoperation system enables effective imitation learning for complex bimanual mobile manipulation by co-training on mobile and static demonstration datasets.
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Vision-Language Foundation Models as Effective Robot Imitators
RoboFlamingo adapts open-source vision-language models for robot manipulation tasks via single-step comprehension plus an explicit policy head, outperforming prior methods on benchmarks with only light fine-tuning.
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AffordVLA: Injecting Affordance Representations into Vision-Language-Action Models via Implicit Feature Alignment
AffordVLA improves VLA models for robotic manipulation by implicitly injecting affordance perception through feature alignment with a zero-shot teacher, claiming SOTA results in simulation and real-world tests.
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Now You See That: Learning End-to-End Humanoid Locomotion from Raw Pixels
An end-to-end policy learns robust humanoid locomotion directly from noisy depth images via high-fidelity sensor simulation, vision-aware distillation from privileged maps, and terrain-specific multi-critic reward shaping.
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GR-3 Technical Report
GR-3 is a VLA model that generalizes to novel objects, environments, and abstract instructions, outperforms the π0 baseline, and integrates with the new ByteMini bi-manual mobile robot.
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Self-Predictive Representations for Combinatorial Generalization in Behavioral Cloning
BYOL-γ uses self-predictive representations to approximate successor representations, improving zero-shot combinatorial generalization in goal-conditioned behavioral cloning.
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What Matters in Building Vision-Language-Action Models for Generalist Robots
Systematic tests of VLM backbones, policy architectures, and cross-embodiment data yield RoboVLMs that set new SOTA on robot manipulation benchmarks while requiring few manual designs.
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Reinforcement Learning with Foundation Priors: Let the Embodied Agent Efficiently Learn on Its Own
RLFP and the FAC algorithm combine foundation-model priors for policy, value, and rewards to produce sample-efficient robotic RL that reaches 86% real-robot success after one hour and 100% success on 7/8 Meta-world tasks in under 100k frames.
- GuidedVLA: Specifying Task-Relevant Factors via Plug-and-Play Action Attention Specialization