Collinear factorization amplitudes exactly reproduce the large-Q² expansion of CGC amplitudes for inclusive DIS, DVCS, and DVMP at the amplitude level.
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Generalized Parton Distributions
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abstract
We give an overview of the theory for generalized parton distributions. Topics covered are their general properties and physical interpretation, the possibility to explore the three-dimensional structure of hadrons at parton level, their potential to unravel the spin structure of the nucleon, their role in small-x physics, and efforts to model their dynamics. We review our understanding of the reactions where generalized parton distributions occur, to leading power accuracy and beyond, and present strategies for phenomenological analysis. We emphasize the close connection between generalized parton distributions and generalized distribution amplitudes, whose properties and physics we also present. We finally discuss the use of these quantities for describing soft contributions to exclusive processes at large energy and momentum transfer.
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representative citing papers
A group-theoretic construction yields complete form factor bases for scalar, vector, and tensor operators on spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, with new P and T structures for higher spins and identification of a redundant conserved structure for spin-2 in existing literature.
The paper derives factorization of fixed-spin conformal moments of unpolarized gluon GTMDs into a universal staple-worldsheet soft factor and a target-dependent Witten amplitude, with UV/IR reductions and Reggeization via the holographic Pomeron.
Derives t/P_z² and m_N²/P_z² kinematic corrections to the short-distance expansion of quasi-GPD matrix elements for lattice QCD applications.
Computes LO amplitudes for di-meson photoproduction channels sensitive to quark GPDs and reports high cross sections suitable for GPD studies at JLab energies.
Computes kinematic twist-3, twist-4 and NLO alpha_s corrections to coherent DVCS on He-4 and extracts the first 3D quark-gluon tomography of the nucleus.
Relativistic EMT distributions in polarized nucleons recover good and bad light-front components in the IMF after including polarization effects.
Fixed-j holographic DDVCS and DVCS structurally match the singlet conformal-OPE Wilson-kernel family of QCD via open- and closed-string Witten vertices.
Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.
Collinearly improved IMST BK evolution moves the elliptic node and reshapes the rapidity and hard-scale dependence of coherent diffractive dijet ⟨cos2φ⟩ relative to LO BK, not just a normalization shift.
Global QCD analysis extracts genuine twist-three PDFs from g2, d2 and SIDIS asymmetries, confirming their universality and factorization validity.
Analyzes diagonal GPD overlaps from light-front wave functions in the 't Hooft model, finding no linear b term in equal-mass second moments and a resonant b^4 ln^2(1/b) nonanalyticity at beta=1/2 that limits the diagonal overlap.
Nucleon EM form factors computed in instanton vacuum model with parameters fixed by saddle-point equation yield proton charge radius 0.841 fm matching muonic hydrogen and good agreement on Q2 dependence of ratios.
An algebraic light-front model supplies unified leading-twist PDAs, LFWFs, GPDs, PDFs, EFFs, charge radii and IPS-GPDs for light, heavy-light and heavy-heavy pseudoscalar mesons from the same Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes.
QCD sum rules yield numerical tensor form factors for Ω^-, Σ^{*+}, and Ξ^{*-} up to 10 GeV² together with forward-limit quark tensor charges.
The authors use the two-flavor NJL model to obtain medium-modified constituent quark masses and then compute the in-medium pion electromagnetic form factor, distribution amplitude, and parton distribution function via light-cone wave functions, with DGLAP evolution applied.
T-odd leading-twist GTMDs in σ-space exhibit -t-dependent oscillations with transverse-longitudinal interference, while Sivers and Boer-Mulders Wigner distributions encode proton spin-transverse momentum correlations.
A neural network trained solely on integral observables from a known GPD model recovers the main features of the underlying distributions in a closure test.
Replacing the rapidity argument of the dipole amplitude with ln min{1/|x|, 1/|ξ|} and refining initial conditions for non-linear evolution can eliminate two R-factors in small-x shockwave calculations.
Light-front quark model calculations with two Gaussian wave functions yield transverse mechanical distributions for pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium, showing a nodal pressure and positive force.
Pion unpolarized quark GPDs at zero skewness are extracted from a data-driven fit to the electromagnetic form factor and PDFs using a parameterized form factor embedded in a PDF-plus-profile GPD framework.
The EIC Yellow Report specifies the science goals, required detector capabilities, and technology concepts needed to realize a high-luminosity electron-ion collider program.
The notes provide an introduction to transverse momentum dependent distributions and their use in imaging hadrons, complementing lectures at several graduate schools.
citing papers explorer
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Matching collinear factorization with color-glass condensate for inclusive and exclusive deep inelastic scattering
Collinear factorization amplitudes exactly reproduce the large-Q² expansion of CGC amplitudes for inclusive DIS, DVCS, and DVMP at the amplitude level.
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Covariant Construction of Generalized Form Factors
A group-theoretic construction yields complete form factor bases for scalar, vector, and tensor operators on spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, with new P and T structures for higher spins and identification of a redundant conserved structure for spin-2 in existing literature.
-
Gluon GTMD at strong coupling: fixed-spin saddle factorization and Reggeization
The paper derives factorization of fixed-spin conformal moments of unpolarized gluon GTMDs into a universal staple-worldsheet soft factor and a target-dependent Witten amplitude, with UV/IR reductions and Reggeization via the holographic Pomeron.
-
Finite-$t$ and target mass corrections for the short-distance expansion of quasi(pseudo) GPDs
Derives t/P_z² and m_N²/P_z² kinematic corrections to the short-distance expansion of quasi-GPD matrix elements for lattice QCD applications.
-
Exclusive photoproduction of a di-meson pair with large invariant mass
Computes LO amplitudes for di-meson photoproduction channels sensitive to quark GPDs and reports high cross sections suitable for GPD studies at JLab energies.
-
Coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering on helium-4 beyond leading power
Computes kinematic twist-3, twist-4 and NLO alpha_s corrections to coherent DVCS on He-4 and extracts the first 3D quark-gluon tomography of the nucleus.
-
Relativistic energy-momentum tensor distributions in a polarized nucleon
Relativistic EMT distributions in polarized nucleons recover good and bad light-front components in the IMF after including polarization effects.
-
Holographic Open/Closed Exchange in Double Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering: Fixed-$j$ Structural Matching to the $\pm$-Basis Wilson Kernels
Fixed-j holographic DDVCS and DVCS structurally match the singlet conformal-OPE Wilson-kernel family of QCD via open- and closed-string Witten vertices.
-
Gravitational transverse momentum distribution of proton
Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.
-
Collinearly Improved Balitsky-Kovchegov Evolution of the Gluon Wigner Distribution
Collinearly improved IMST BK evolution moves the elliptic node and reshapes the rapidity and hard-scale dependence of coherent diffractive dijet ⟨cos2φ⟩ relative to LO BK, not just a normalization shift.
-
Phenomenology of genuine twist-three distributions from a global QCD analysis
Global QCD analysis extracts genuine twist-three PDFs from g2, d2 and SIDIS asymmetries, confirming their universality and factorization validity.
-
Light-front diagnostics in the 't Hooft model: I. Wave functions, EMT decomposition, and the diagonal GPD overlap
Analyzes diagonal GPD overlaps from light-front wave functions in the 't Hooft model, finding no linear b term in equal-mass second moments and a resonant b^4 ln^2(1/b) nonanalyticity at beta=1/2 that limits the diagonal overlap.
-
Electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon from the instanton vacuum
Nucleon EM form factors computed in instanton vacuum model with parameters fixed by saddle-point equation yield proton charge radius 0.841 fm matching muonic hydrogen and good agreement on Q2 dependence of ratios.
-
Unified Description of Pseudoscalar Meson Structure from Light to Heavy Quarks
An algebraic light-front model supplies unified leading-twist PDAs, LFWFs, GPDs, PDFs, EFFs, charge radii and IPS-GPDs for light, heavy-light and heavy-heavy pseudoscalar mesons from the same Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes.
-
Tensor form factors of decuplet hyperons in QCD
QCD sum rules yield numerical tensor form factors for Ω^-, Σ^{*+}, and Ξ^{*-} up to 10 GeV² together with forward-limit quark tensor charges.
-
Valence quark distribution of the pion inside a medium with finite baryon density: A Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model approach
The authors use the two-flavor NJL model to obtain medium-modified constituent quark masses and then compute the in-medium pion electromagnetic form factor, distribution amplitude, and parton distribution function via light-cone wave functions, with DGLAP evolution applied.
-
T-odd Wigner Distributions in boost-invariant longitudinal position space and Spin-momentum correlation in proton
T-odd leading-twist GTMDs in σ-space exhibit -t-dependent oscillations with transverse-longitudinal interference, while Sivers and Boer-Mulders Wigner distributions encode proton spin-transverse momentum correlations.
-
Neural Network Representation of Generalized Parton Distributions (NNGPD)
A neural network trained solely on integral observables from a known GPD model recovers the main features of the underlying distributions in a closure test.
-
On the Two $R$-Factors in the Small-$x$ Shockwave Formalism
Replacing the rapidity argument of the dipole amplitude with ln min{1/|x|, 1/|ξ|} and refining initial conditions for non-linear evolution can eliminate two R-factors in small-x shockwave calculations.
-
Mechanical distribution of the pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium on the light-front
Light-front quark model calculations with two Gaussian wave functions yield transverse mechanical distributions for pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium, showing a nodal pressure and positive force.
-
Extraction of Pion Unpolarized Quark Generalized Parton Distribution from Charge Form Factors
Pion unpolarized quark GPDs at zero skewness are extracted from a data-driven fit to the electromagnetic form factor and PDFs using a parameterized form factor embedded in a PDF-plus-profile GPD framework.
-
Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report
The EIC Yellow Report specifies the science goals, required detector capabilities, and technology concepts needed to realize a high-luminosity electron-ion collider program.
-
Introduction to transverse momentum imaging
The notes provide an introduction to transverse momentum dependent distributions and their use in imaging hadrons, complementing lectures at several graduate schools.
- An Analysis on the Parton Distribution Functions of Heavy Mesons