VertMark embeds robust, training-free watermarks into vertical domain language models by creating hidden semantic equivalence between low-frequency triggers and high-frequency domain terms via parameter swaps, supporting reliable verification with negligible performance impact.
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DECO is a sparse MoE architecture with ReLU-based routing, learnable expert scaling, and NormSiLU activation that matches dense Transformer performance at 20% expert activation and delivers 2.93x speedup on Jetson AGX Orin.
EvoRAG adds a feedback-driven backpropagation step that attributes response quality to individual knowledge-graph triplets and updates the graph to raise reasoning accuracy by 7.34 percent over prior KG-RAG methods.
CAMEL is a scaling law capturing nonlinear model-size and mixture interactions to extrapolate optimal data mixtures for large LLMs from small-model experiments, reducing optimization cost by 50% and improving benchmarks by up to 3%.
The survey organizes RAG methods via a taxonomy of query-based, logits-based, latent, and parametric fusion with comparisons on accessibility, efficiency, applications, and challenges.
Reasoning-oriented LLMs reach up to 0.91 quadratic weighted kappa agreement with experts on public law cases when given sample solutions and grading rubrics, but only 0.60 on criminal law cases.
Domain-trained small language model Olava Extract outperforms frontier LLMs on structured contract extraction with macro F1 0.812, micro F1 0.842, highest precision, and 78-97% lower inference cost.
ChipLingo trains LLMs on EDA data via corpus construction, domain-adaptive pretraining, and RAG scenario alignment, reaching 59.7% accuracy with an 8B model and 70.02% with a 32B model on a new internal EDA benchmark.
Reliable AI needs structured Knowledge Objects to externalize and enable human validation of implicit knowledge that current methods cannot verify.
OpsLLM is a domain-specific LLM for software ops QA and RCA built with human-curated data, SFT, and RL using a domain process reward model, showing accuracy gains of 0.2-5.7% on QA and 2.7-70.3% on RCA over general LLMs.
The paper introduces a taxonomy of AI safety for LLMs organized into Trustworthy AI, Responsible AI, and Safe AI perspectives, accompanied by a review of state-of-the-art methods, challenges, and future directions.
citing papers explorer
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VertMark: A Unified Training-Free Robust Watermarking Framework for Vertical Domain Pre-trained Language Models
VertMark embeds robust, training-free watermarks into vertical domain language models by creating hidden semantic equivalence between low-frequency triggers and high-frequency domain terms via parameter swaps, supporting reliable verification with negligible performance impact.
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DECO: Sparse Mixture-of-Experts with Dense-Comparable Performance on End-Side Devices
DECO is a sparse MoE architecture with ReLU-based routing, learnable expert scaling, and NormSiLU activation that matches dense Transformer performance at 20% expert activation and delivers 2.93x speedup on Jetson AGX Orin.
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EvoRAG: Making Knowledge Graph-based RAG Automatically Evolve through Feedback-driven Backpropagation
EvoRAG adds a feedback-driven backpropagation step that attributes response quality to individual knowledge-graph triplets and updates the graph to raise reasoning accuracy by 7.34 percent over prior KG-RAG methods.
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Capacity-Aware Mixture Law Enables Efficient LLM Data Optimization
CAMEL is a scaling law capturing nonlinear model-size and mixture interactions to extrapolate optimal data mixtures for large LLMs from small-model experiments, reducing optimization cost by 50% and improving benchmarks by up to 3%.
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Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Natural Language Processing: A Survey
The survey organizes RAG methods via a taxonomy of query-based, logits-based, latent, and parametric fusion with comparisons on accessibility, efficiency, applications, and challenges.
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GradeLegal: Automated Grading for German Legal Cases
Reasoning-oriented LLMs reach up to 0.91 quadratic weighted kappa agreement with experts on public law cases when given sample solutions and grading rubrics, but only 0.60 on criminal law cases.
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A Few Good Clauses: Comparing LLMs vs Domain-Trained Small Language Models on Structured Contract Extraction
Domain-trained small language model Olava Extract outperforms frontier LLMs on structured contract extraction with macro F1 0.812, micro F1 0.842, highest precision, and 78-97% lower inference cost.
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ChipLingo: A Systematic Training Framework for Large Language Models in EDA
ChipLingo trains LLMs on EDA data via corpus construction, domain-adaptive pretraining, and RAG scenario alignment, reaching 59.7% accuracy with an 8B model and 70.02% with a 32B model on a new internal EDA benchmark.
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Reliable AI Needs to Externalize Implicit Knowledge: A Human-AI Collaboration Perspective
Reliable AI needs structured Knowledge Objects to externalize and enable human validation of implicit knowledge that current methods cannot verify.
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An End-to-End Framework for Building Large Language Models for Software Operations
OpsLLM is a domain-specific LLM for software ops QA and RCA built with human-curated data, SFT, and RL using a domain process reward model, showing accuracy gains of 0.2-5.7% on QA and 2.7-70.3% on RCA over general LLMs.
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AI Safety Landscape for Large Language Models: Taxonomy, State-of-the-art, and Future Directions
The paper introduces a taxonomy of AI safety for LLMs organized into Trustworthy AI, Responsible AI, and Safe AI perspectives, accompanied by a review of state-of-the-art methods, challenges, and future directions.