In a curvature-coupled propagation framework for modified gravity, gravitational-wave lensing in wave optics shows persistent infrared interactions that prevent the amplification factor from approaching unity at zero frequency, requiring an interacting Green function and partial-wave treatment.
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Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
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abstract
The grand challenges of contemporary fundamental physics---dark matter, dark energy, vacuum energy, inflation and early universe cosmology, singularities and the hierarchy problem---all involve gravity as a key component. And of all gravitational phenomena, black holes stand out in their elegant simplicity, while harbouring some of the most remarkable predictions of General Relativity: event horizons, singularities and ergoregions. The hitherto invisible landscape of the gravitational Universe is being unveiled before our eyes: the historical direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration marks the dawn of a new era of scientific exploration. Gravitational-wave astronomy will allow us to test models of black hole formation, growth and evolution, as well as models of gravitational-wave generation and propagation. It will provide evidence for event horizons and ergoregions, test the theory of General Relativity itself, and may reveal the existence of new fundamental fields. The synthesis of these results has the potential to radically reshape our understanding of the cosmos and of the laws of Nature. The purpose of this work is to present a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the relevant fields of research, summarize important open problems, and lay out a roadmap for future progress.
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Disk-induced dissipation drives rapid orbital plane alignment followed by slower eccentricity damping in extreme mass-ratio inspirals, with relativistic effects producing accumulating deviations from Keplerian orbits even at large separations.
In the Gravity from Entropy framework, spherically symmetric black holes acquire r^{-4} corrections to Schwarzschild geometry, with large-mass evaporation at constant rate -β/24 and intermediate-mass loss following the classical Hawking M^{-2} scaling.
Non-equilibrium relativistic SIDM halo collapse produces seed black holes of mass ~3e-8 of the halo mass at apparent horizon formation.
Black holes with synchronized or resonant scalar hair exhibit dynamical splitting in which the horizon is ejected from the bosonic cloud center in the very hairy regime.
Stable neutron-star configurations denser than black holes exist in quasi-topological gravity and may produce detectable gravitational-wave echoes.
A self-dual curvature formulation unifies the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli and Bardeen-Press-Teukolsky equations on spherical backgrounds as components of one tensorial curvature equation.
Multiband observations of eccentric binary black holes can constrain dipole-radiation deviations from general relativity to |b| ≲ 10^{-7} for a GW231123-like event when combining one year of space-based data with ground-informed priors.
Landau coefficients for scalarization phase transitions are calculated from first principles via reduction of the theory's energy functional to an effective energy function.
Spinning test particles around rotating hairy black holes show finite-time instability in localized regions of the (spin, hair-parameter) plane that reorganize the strong-field phase space compared to Kerr.
The LQG parameter ξ enlarges equatorial bound orbit energy ranges, confines off-equatorial trajectories, and produces larger deviations from Kerr waveforms in EMRI models for two rotating LQG black holes, though signals fall below detector sensitivities.
Higher-curvature terms deform the near-horizon potential of spherically symmetric black holes, producing progressively larger shifts in overtone quasinormal frequencies that remain detectable in ringdown waveforms when the fundamental mode stays close to its GR value.
Semi-analytic waveform model for scalar environments around black hole binaries is validated against numerical relativity and applied to LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data to obtain upper limits on scalar densities with tentative evidence in GW190728.
Analytical proof establishes universality of late-time ringdown tails for any effective potential decaying as 1/r², with different power-law behavior for 1/r^α (1<α<2), covering charged black holes, Kerr, exotic objects, modified gravity, and environmental matter distributions.
Relativistic metric backreaction from scalar dark matter clouds in EMRIs produces dominant polar gravitational wave corrections for Mμ ≲ 0.12, exceeding axial and scalar radiation channels at small separations.
Leading-order cubic-curvature corrections to scalar quasinormal modes of black holes with spins up to 0.99M are computed numerically for modes up to l=5 with relative errors below 10^{-4}.
Equatorial asymmetry in black hole spacetimes twists thick tori, displacing their centers and cusps away from the equatorial plane in the same direction as Keplerian orbits.
New FNST scalar-tensor generalization of JNW spacetime is used in GR hydrodynamic simulations of BHL accretion, yielding hydrodynamically generated QPO-like frequencies overlapping observed ranges in stellar-mass compact object systems.
LISA observations of inspiraling stellar-mass BBHs around SMBHs can achieve relative uncertainties of 10^{-5} for SMBH mass and a few percent for spin in high-SNR cases.
In Einstein-Maxwell-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory with negative cosmological constant, RN-AdS black holes exhibit GB scalarization only for restricted coupling ranges, producing single-branch solutions and second-order phase transitions.
BlackHawk v3.0 adds Hawking temperatures and greybody factors for multiple regular black hole metrics to an existing public code via numerical routines.
Rotating traversable wormholes in f(R,T) gravity are supported by anisotropic fluid satisfying null and strong energy conditions in the slow-rotation approximation, with particle dynamics and gravitational lensing analyzed.
Monte Carlo simulation of post-merger remnant shows pair annihilation rates greatly increased in cold low-density regions and inelastic electron scattering important for heavy-lepton neutrino thermalization, processes not included in prior merger simulations.
In quasi-topological gravity, neutron stars can surpass black-hole compactness with universal high-density behavior and theory corrections that stabilize radially unstable configurations from general relativity.
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Non-Equilibrium Relativistic Core Collapse of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos -- Limits On Seed Black Hole Mass
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Synergy between CSST and future gravitational-wave detectors: Probing primordial black holes by cross-correlating dark sirens with galaxies
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