HABIT is a large-scale robot demonstration dataset for human-present environments that elicits spatiotemporal synchronization, yielding, and gesture grounding behaviors absent from robot-only training data.
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OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model
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Large policies pretrained on a combination of Internet-scale vision-language data and diverse robot demonstrations have the potential to change how we teach robots new skills: rather than training new behaviors from scratch, we can fine-tune such vision-language-action (VLA) models to obtain robust, generalizable policies for visuomotor control. Yet, widespread adoption of VLAs for robotics has been challenging as 1) existing VLAs are largely closed and inaccessible to the public, and 2) prior work fails to explore methods for efficiently fine-tuning VLAs for new tasks, a key component for adoption. Addressing these challenges, we introduce OpenVLA, a 7B-parameter open-source VLA trained on a diverse collection of 970k real-world robot demonstrations. OpenVLA builds on a Llama 2 language model combined with a visual encoder that fuses pretrained features from DINOv2 and SigLIP. As a product of the added data diversity and new model components, OpenVLA demonstrates strong results for generalist manipulation, outperforming closed models such as RT-2-X (55B) by 16.5% in absolute task success rate across 29 tasks and multiple robot embodiments, with 7x fewer parameters. We further show that we can effectively fine-tune OpenVLA for new settings, with especially strong generalization results in multi-task environments involving multiple objects and strong language grounding abilities, and outperform expressive from-scratch imitation learning methods such as Diffusion Policy by 20.4%. We also explore compute efficiency; as a separate contribution, we show that OpenVLA can be fine-tuned on consumer GPUs via modern low-rank adaptation methods and served efficiently via quantization without a hit to downstream success rate. Finally, we release model checkpoints, fine-tuning notebooks, and our PyTorch codebase with built-in support for training VLAs at scale on Open X-Embodiment datasets.
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- abstract Large policies pretrained on a combination of Internet-scale vision-language data and diverse robot demonstrations have the potential to change how we teach robots new skills: rather than training new behaviors from scratch, we can fine-tune such vision-language-action (VLA) models to obtain robust, generalizable policies for visuomotor control. Yet, widespread adoption of VLAs for robotics has been challenging as 1) existing VLAs are largely closed and inaccessible to the public, and 2) prior work fails to explore methods for efficiently fine-tuning VLAs for new tasks, a key component for ado
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Introduces the TVR active viewpoint-matching task and TVRBench indoor simulation benchmark, where foundation models start at low single-digit success rates but reach 51.4% after visual-action SFT and multi-turn GRPO post-training.
FlowHijack is the first dynamics-aware backdoor attack on flow-matching VLAs that achieves high success rates with stealthy triggers while preserving benign performance and making malicious actions kinematically indistinguishable from normal ones.
Embodied.cpp introduces a portable C++ inference runtime with modular layers for deploying VLA and WAM models on heterogeneous robots, reporting 100% and 91% task success on two models plus memory reduction on a WAM benchmark.
LIME formulates language-conditioned camera motion as predicting SE(3) target poses from RGB and intent text, using mined multi-intent supervision from egocentric video and a flow-matching pose head.
EgoSafetyBench shows VLMs reliably spot hazard-containing videos but miss specific contextual hazards and are degraded by misleading in-scene text.
SARL optimizes language prompt inputs to generalist vision-language-action policies through online RL to solve complex long-horizon tasks by composing existing skills.
VLA models from VLM adaptation can be pruned 12-30% via multi-module joint scheme based on divergence signals while keeping ~90% performance on LIBERO without post-pruning recovery, unlike standard criteria that collapse.
Labimus is the first benchmark for humanoid dexterous manipulation in organic chemistry laboratories, exposing a gap between task completion and required experimental precision.
SWAM jointly generates intermediate RGB-D sequences and action trajectories from monocular RGB start/goal observations for embodied navigation.
SurgVLA-Bench supplies a hierarchical task taxonomy and multi-dimensional evaluation framework for VLA models in laparoscopic robotics simulation, showing autoregressive models excel at semantics while flow-matching models achieve higher precision but all fall short due to endoscopic view constraint
ForesightSafety-VLA creates a diagnostic benchmark for VLA safety with taxonomy across physical, language, and visual risks, showing perception and structure variations cause more safety degradation than language changes in tested models.
LIBERO-Safety supplies a scalable benchmark, data-generation pipeline, and 19,664-demonstration dataset that exposes a generalization-safety tension in current VLA models where diverse training improves collision avoidance but task success stays limited by trajectory quality and semantic understandi
Geometric diversity of demonstration trajectories exhibits an inverted-U effect on imitation learning success, with the peak shifting lower as mastery increases via more data, easier tasks, or stronger priors.
Processed egocentric human video outperforms teleoperated real-robot trajectories as pretraining data for embodied foundation models, delivering 24% lower validation loss and 52.5-90% higher task success rates under matched post-training protocols.
FAFM performs flow matching in the frequency domain using DCT on action sequences to produce continuous temporally consistent robotic actions with a Sobolev-style smoothness regularizer.
EquiVLA is the first general framework for end-to-end SO(2)-equivariant VLA models using EquiPerceptor and EquiActor modules, reporting improved success rates on LIBERO, CALVIN, and real-robot benchmarks.
PAINT reframes asynchronous flow-based action chunking as an initial noise selection problem solved via backward Euler inversion and a repainting rule.
Mix-QVLA is a task-evidence-aware mixed-precision PTQ framework for VLA models that preserves task-relevant evidence via evidence-mass and attribution-distribution metrics to guide bit allocation under memory and BitOps constraints.
Act2Answer protocol reveals VLA models retain simple concepts but show larger gaps on complex semantics than source VLMs, with VQA co-training linked to better retention and knowledge signals peaking in middle layers.
EBench is a benchmark that evaluates generalist mobile manipulation policies on 26 tasks across 5 capability and 4 generalization dimensions, revealing distinct capability profiles among models with similar success rates.
PearlVLA achieves SOTA on LIBERO by separating VLM representations into visual grounding and an iterative latent plan branch refined via world model queries and RefineNet with process-reward RL.
HumanoidArena is a new benchmark of 7 leg-critical HOI/HSI tasks that evaluates egocentric hierarchical whole-body policies in humanoids and finds performance is strongly conditioned on the low-level GMT used.
MuseVLA adds on-demand sensor selection via tokens and converts readings into grounded sensor images for multimodal fusion, reporting 80.6% average success on real-robot dexterous tasks that need non-visual sensing.
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