Cosmological zoom-in simulations find that grain-grain shattering in diffuse ISM gas drives rising PAH mass fraction with time, naturally producing the observed PAH-metallicity relation and inverse qPAH-molecular gas trends.
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JWST observations of z~1.1 galaxies produce PAH ratio maps showing larger and more neutral PAHs at larger radii, opposite local trends, linked to UV hardness via photo-destruction.
JWST observations find constant ~1% PAH abundance in the M82 superwind to 5 kpc, consistent with shielding in surface layers of cool clouds and possible replenishment.
New NIR diagnostic diagrams using [C I]/Paγ and H2 1-0 O(5)/PAH 3.3μm ratios correlate with radiation field hardness and distinguish star formation, AGN, and shock excitation in galaxy nuclei.
JWST observations resolve multiphase nuclear and kpc-scale outflows with velocities up to 520 km/s and PAH property gradients in the AGN-starburst composite ULIRG F10565+2448.
Multiphase observations show molecular gas mass loading factors 10 times higher than ionised gas in ESO 484-036, creating a 3.5 dex discrepancy with cosmological simulations that underpredict cold gas outflows.
Rest-frame 6-8um MIRI luminosity provides broken power-law SFR calibrations with 0.2-0.3 dex scatter and UV+IR composites at 0.15 dex, supporting robust use above log M* ~9 up to z~3.
This review summarizes evidence for anomalous microwave emission and projects how SKA observations will identify its carriers and mechanisms in Galactic and extragalactic environments.
The document records key conclusions, challenges, and open questions from discussion sessions at a 2025 conference focused on interstellar, circumstellar, and galactic dust with emphasis on JWST and ALMA results.
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Probing Anomalous Microwave Emission with the Square Kilometre Array
This review summarizes evidence for anomalous microwave emission and projects how SKA observations will identify its carriers and mechanisms in Galactic and extragalactic environments.