First detection of an ultra-fast outflow (v≈0.07c) in a quiescent galaxy quenched ~9 Gyr ago, suggesting AGN winds can maintain quiescence independent of global star formation.
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The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
Baseline reference. 56% of citing Pith papers use this work as a benchmark or comparison.
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abstract
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) completed its five-month Survey Validation in May 2021. Spectra of stellar and extragalactic targets from Survey Validation constitute the first major data sample from the DESI survey. This paper describes the public release of those spectra, the catalogs of derived properties, and the intermediate data products. In total, the public release includes good-quality spectral information from 466,447 objects targeted as part of the Milky Way Survey, 428,758 as part of the Bright Galaxy Survey, 227,318 as part of the Luminous Red Galaxy sample, 437,664 as part of the Emission Line Galaxy sample, and 76,079 as part of the Quasar sample. In addition, the release includes spectral information from 137,148 objects that expand the scope beyond the primary samples as part of a series of secondary programs. Here, we describe the spectral data, data quality, data products, Large-Scale Structure science catalogs, access to the data, and references that provide relevant background to using these spectra.
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representative citing papers
A hierarchical Bayesian framework that uses the empirical anti-correlation between AGN variability amplitude and luminosity to infer cosmological parameters from moderate-baseline light curves via importance reweighting.
DESI DR1 Lyman-alpha data yields Δ²★=0.379±0.032 and n★=-2.309±0.019 at k★=0.009 km⁻¹s and z=3, sharpening N_eff, α_s, and β_s constraints by factors of 1.18-1.90 when combined with other probes.
DESI DR2 BAO data exhibits 2.3 sigma tension with CMB in Lambda-CDM but prefers evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) at 3.1 sigma with CMB and 2.8-4.2 sigma when including supernovae.
First-year DESI BAO data are consistent with flat LambdaCDM and, when combined with CMB, show a 2.5-3.9 sigma preference for evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) that strengthens with certain supernova datasets.
DESI measures BAO scales in six redshift bins with 0.52% combined precision using 5.7 million objects, detecting the signal at up to 9.1 sigma and finding larger scales than Planck LCDM at z<0.8.
ASTRANet combines a redshift-free spectral classifier, a 16-score anomaly detector, and conformal prediction to identify and calibrate uncertainty for out-of-taxonomy astronomical transients.
Reports first config-space f_NL measurement from DESI DR1 LRG/QSO 2pcf, yielding joint f_NL = -3^{+12}_{-12} at 68% CL using simulation-based modeling and imaging systematics mitigation.
Slim-disk self-shadowing plus accretion-rate-dependent BLR density enhancement explains the observed offsets of high-Eddington AGNs below the canonical R-L relation.
A heuristic power-spectrum rescaling applied to DESI DR1 BAO data plus CMB acoustic scale anchor yields H0 values of 69.2 to 70.3 km/s/Mpc at sub-2% precision across three independent late-time datasets.
Lya2pcf is an efficient pipeline implementing standard algorithms for 2PCF and 3PCF of the Lyman-alpha forest, with GPU speedups over PICCA and the first large-sample anisotropic 3PCF measurement up to 80 Mpc/h.
DESI DR1 full-shape clustering yields Ω_m = 0.2962 ± 0.0095 and σ_8 = 0.842 ± 0.034 in flat ΛCDM, tightening to H_0 = 68.40 ± 0.27 km/s/Mpc with CMB and DESY3, while favoring w_0 > -1, w_a < 0 and limiting neutrino mass sum to < 0.071 eV.
DESI DR1 full-shape galaxy clustering constrains Omega_m = 0.296 ± 0.010, H0 = 68.63 ± 0.79 km/s/Mpc, and sigma_8 = 0.841 ± 0.034, consistent with LambdaCDM and Planck.
SPENDER autoencoder plus k-d tree nearest-neighbor classification on DESI spectra identifies AGN and broad-line AGN at accuracies 0.952 and 0.965, recovering sources missed by single-line diagnostics.
Betti curves from persistent homology of large-scale structure provide complementary cosmological constraints on ns, sigma8, and Om, with tighter bounds when analyzed jointly with the power spectrum.
DESI DR2 yields galaxy luminosity functions showing non-power-law faint-end behavior and bright-end deviations, with good North-South agreement and reduced errors compared to GAMA.
Combining LRG and ELG tracers with bias weighting improves BAO constraints by 11% on alpha_iso and 7% on alpha_AP in DESI DR1 data for the 0.8<z<1.1 bin.
DESI DR2 BAO and full-shape data plus CMB yield ∑m_ν < 0.0642 eV (95% CL) under ΛCDM, in 3σ tension with oscillation lower limits, relaxed to <0.163 eV in w0waCDM.
Including radiative losses in analytic models of high-redshift radio galaxies reduces predicted radio and X-ray luminosities compared to models that neglect them.
GIGA-Lens 2.0 scales strong gravitational lens modeling across up to 128 GPU nodes and demonstrates it on 100 simulated systems plus one real DESI lens.
Mock catalogs for DESI DR2 ELGs and QSOs are constructed via modified subhalo abundance matching on the Uchuu simulation to reproduce observed number density and clustering statistics.
Property-dependent systematic weights derived separately on ELG subsamples, with separate DES footprint treatment, mitigate spurious clustering in ~10% of subsamples but are not optimal for the full sample.
Local HII galaxy and cosmic chronometer data favor the Rh=ct universe over ΛCDM at 92% vs 8% likelihood, with Rh=ct satisfying all energy conditions while ΛCDM violates the strong energy condition at z≲2.
Stellar mass primarily drives galaxy quenching in DESI DR1, with cosmic web environment as a secondary modulator strongest in knots at lower redshifts.
citing papers explorer
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First detection of ultra-fast outflows in a quiescent galaxy
First detection of an ultra-fast outflow (v≈0.07c) in a quiescent galaxy quenched ~9 Gyr ago, suggesting AGN winds can maintain quiescence independent of global star formation.
-
A hierarchical Bayesian framework for cosmology using Type 1 AGN variability
A hierarchical Bayesian framework that uses the empirical anti-correlation between AGN variability amplitude and luminosity to infer cosmological parameters from moderate-baseline light curves via importance reweighting.
-
Cosmological analysis of the DESI DR1 Lyman alpha 1D power spectrum
DESI DR1 Lyman-alpha data yields Δ²★=0.379±0.032 and n★=-2.309±0.019 at k★=0.009 km⁻¹s and z=3, sharpening N_eff, α_s, and β_s constraints by factors of 1.18-1.90 when combined with other probes.
-
DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints
DESI DR2 BAO data exhibits 2.3 sigma tension with CMB in Lambda-CDM but prefers evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) at 3.1 sigma with CMB and 2.8-4.2 sigma when including supernovae.
-
DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
First-year DESI BAO data are consistent with flat LambdaCDM and, when combined with CMB, show a 2.5-3.9 sigma preference for evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) that strengthens with certain supernova datasets.
-
DESI 2024 III: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Galaxies and Quasars
DESI measures BAO scales in six redshift bins with 0.52% combined precision using 5.7 million objects, detecting the signal at up to 9.1 sigma and finding larger scales than Planck LCDM at z<0.8.
-
Catching Disguised Transients with ASTRANet: Anomaly-Aware Spectroscopic Classification and Conformal Calibration
ASTRANet combines a redshift-free spectral classifier, a 16-score anomaly detector, and conformal prediction to identify and calibrate uncertainty for out-of-taxonomy astronomical transients.
-
Measuring local primordial non-Gaussianity from the clustering of DESI DR1 LRGs and QSOs
Reports first config-space f_NL measurement from DESI DR1 LRG/QSO 2pcf, yielding joint f_NL = -3^{+12}_{-12} at 68% CL using simulation-based modeling and imaging systematics mitigation.
-
Understanding the Broad-line Region of Active Galactic Nuclei with Photoionization. II. Slim disks, Self-shadowing, and BLR sizes
Slim-disk self-shadowing plus accretion-rate-dependent BLR density enhancement explains the observed offsets of high-Eddington AGNs below the canonical R-L relation.
-
$H_0$ Without the Sound Horizon (or Supernovae): A 2% Measurement in DESI DR1
A heuristic power-spectrum rescaling applied to DESI DR1 BAO data plus CMB acoustic scale anchor yields H0 values of 69.2 to 70.3 km/s/Mpc at sub-2% precision across three independent late-time datasets.
-
Lya2pcf: an efficient pipeline to estimate two- and three-point correlation functions of the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest
Lya2pcf is an efficient pipeline implementing standard algorithms for 2PCF and 3PCF of the Lyman-alpha forest, with GPU speedups over PICCA and the first large-sample anisotropic 3PCF measurement up to 80 Mpc/h.
-
DESI 2024 VII: Cosmological Constraints from the Full-Shape Modeling of Clustering Measurements
DESI DR1 full-shape clustering yields Ω_m = 0.2962 ± 0.0095 and σ_8 = 0.842 ± 0.034 in flat ΛCDM, tightening to H_0 = 68.40 ± 0.27 km/s/Mpc with CMB and DESY3, while favoring w_0 > -1, w_a < 0 and limiting neutrino mass sum to < 0.071 eV.
-
DESI 2024 V: Full-Shape Galaxy Clustering from Galaxies and Quasars
DESI DR1 full-shape galaxy clustering constrains Omega_m = 0.296 ± 0.010, H0 = 68.63 ± 0.79 km/s/Mpc, and sigma_8 = 0.841 ± 0.034, consistent with LambdaCDM and Planck.
-
Beyond traditional emission-line diagnostics: using autoencoders to uncover active galactic nuclei in DESI spectra
SPENDER autoencoder plus k-d tree nearest-neighbor classification on DESI spectra identifies AGN and broad-line AGN at accuracies 0.952 and 0.965, recovering sources missed by single-line diagnostics.
-
Counting voids and filaments: Betti Curves as a Powerful Probe for Cosmology
Betti curves from persistent homology of large-scale structure provide complementary cosmological constraints on ns, sigma8, and Om, with tighter bounds when analyzed jointly with the power spectrum.
-
DESI DR2 Galaxy Luminosity Functions
DESI DR2 yields galaxy luminosity functions showing non-power-law faint-end behavior and bright-end deviations, with good North-South agreement and reduced errors compared to GAMA.
-
Combined tracer analysis for DESI 2024 BAO
Combining LRG and ELG tracers with bias weighting improves BAO constraints by 11% on alpha_iso and 7% on alpha_AP in DESI DR1 data for the 0.8<z<1.1 bin.
-
Constraints on Neutrino Physics from DESI DR2 BAO and DR1 Full Shape
DESI DR2 BAO and full-shape data plus CMB yield ∑m_ν < 0.0642 eV (95% CL) under ΛCDM, in 3σ tension with oscillation lower limits, relaxed to <0.163 eV in w0waCDM.
-
A simulation-based analytic model of radio galaxies II: self-consistent radiative losses
Including radiative losses in analytic models of high-redshift radio galaxies reduces predicted radio and X-ray luminosities compared to models that neglect them.
-
GIGA-Lens 2.0: Strong-Lens Modeling on Multiple GPU Nodes
GIGA-Lens 2.0 scales strong gravitational lens modeling across up to 128 GPU nodes and demonstrates it on 100 simulated systems plus one real DESI lens.
-
DESI DR2 Reference Mocks: Clustering results from UCHUU ELGs and QSOs
Mock catalogs for DESI DR2 ELGs and QSOs are constructed via modified subhalo abundance matching on the Uchuu simulation to reproduce observed number density and clustering statistics.
-
DESI Data Release 2 ELGs: Property-dependent subsamples, imaging systematics, and clustering
Property-dependent systematic weights derived separately on ELG subsamples, with separate DES footprint treatment, mitigate spurious clustering in ~10% of subsamples but are not optimal for the full sample.
-
The energy conditions and model selection in the local Universe
Local HII galaxy and cosmic chronometer data favor the Rh=ct universe over ΛCDM at 92% vs 8% likelihood, with Rh=ct satisfying all energy conditions while ΛCDM violates the strong energy condition at z≲2.
-
Cosmic-web quenching with DESI DR1: T-Web environments and mass-dependent red/blue classification
Stellar mass primarily drives galaxy quenching in DESI DR1, with cosmic web environment as a secondary modulator strongest in knots at lower redshifts.
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Extended Dark Energy analysis using DESI DR2 BAO measurements
Extended analysis of DESI DR2 data confirms robust evidence for dynamical dark energy with phantom crossing preference, stable under parametric and non-parametric modeling.
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DESI DR2 Results I: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman Alpha Forest
DESI DR2 delivers 0.65% precision BAO measurements from the LyA forest at z_eff=2.33, with D_H/r_d = 8.632 ± 0.098 ± 0.026 and D_M/r_d = 38.99 ± 0.52 ± 0.12.