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arxiv: 2510.19149 · v2 · submitted 2025-10-22 · 🌌 astro-ph.CO

H₀ Without the Sound Horizon (or Supernovae): A 2% Measurement in DESI DR1

E. A. Zaborowski , P. Taylor , K. Honscheid , A. Cuceu , A. de Mattia , A. Krolewski , M. Rashkovetskyi , A. J. Ross
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C. To J. Aguilar S. Ahlen A. Anand S. BenZvi D. Bianchi D. Brooks F. J. Castander T. Claybaugh A. de la Macorra J. Della Costa P. Doel S. Ferraro A. Font-Ribera J. E. Forero-Romero E. Gazta\~naga G. Gutierrez H. K. Herrera-Alcantar C. Howlett D. Huterer M. Ishak R. Joyce D. Kirkby T. Kisner A. Kremin O. Lahav C. Lamman M. Landriau L. Le Guillou M. Manera P. Martini A. Meisner R. Miquel J. Moustakas S. Nadathur G. Niz N. Palanque-Delabrouille W. J. Percival F. Prada I. P\'erez-R\`afols G. Rossi L. Samushia E. Sanchez D. Schlegel M. Schubnell H. Seo J. Silber D. Sprayberry G. Tarl\'e B. A. Weaver P. Zarrouk R. Zhou H. Zou
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Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 05:30 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.CO
keywords Hubble constantsound horizonDESIBAOHubble tensionlarge-scale structureCMB acoustic scalepower spectrum rescaling
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The pith

By rescaling galaxy power spectra to eliminate sound-horizon dependence, DESI DR1 BAO data combined with the CMB acoustic scale yields an H0 measurement at better than 2 percent precision.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper shows that a heuristic rescaling applied directly to the measured power spectrum removes the usual dependence on the sound horizon scale rs. With uncalibrated post-reconstruction BAO from DESI DR1 and the CMB acoustic scale theta star as a high-redshift anchor, this produces H0 values between 69.2 and 70.3 km/s/Mpc at sub-2 percent precision. The results remain consistent when replacing supernova information with CMB lensing cross-correlations or DES 6x2pt data. Because the method avoids early-universe assumptions tied to rs, it offers an independent route to test whether the Hubble tension originates before or after recombination.

Core claim

The central claim is that the sound horizon scale rs can be removed from the analysis by a heuristic rescaling of the power spectrum, allowing uncalibrated DESI DR1 BAO measurements and the CMB theta star anchor to constrain H0 at the 2 percent level without reference to the early-universe physics that normally sets rs. Three different choices for Omega m information all return mutually consistent results near 69-70 km/s/Mpc.

What carries the argument

Heuristic rescaling procedure applied at the power spectrum level to remove dependency on the sound horizon size rs.

If this is right

  • H0 can be measured from large-scale structure without assuming the early-universe sound horizon scale that is central to most CMB-based determinations.
  • The same rescaling plus uncalibrated BAO approach can be repeated with future DESI data releases or other surveys to tighten the constraint further.
  • Any persistent discrepancy between this H0 value and local distance-ladder measurements would point to late-time physics rather than changes to rs.
  • The method supplies a cross-check on whether proposed early-time solutions to the Hubble tension are necessary.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the rescaling proves robust across redshifts, the technique could be applied to cross-correlations between galaxies and the CMB to isolate geometry from growth even more cleanly.
  • Future gravitational-wave standard sirens, which are also rs-independent, could be combined with these rescaled BAO results for an entirely early-universe-free H0 ladder.
  • A mismatch between this measurement and one obtained from a different rs-independent probe would indicate that the rescaling itself introduces a systematic offset.

Load-bearing premise

The heuristic rescaling procedure applied at the power spectrum level fully removes dependence on the sound horizon size rs without introducing significant scale-dependent biases or altering the inferred growth and geometry parameters.

What would settle it

A direct test in N-body simulations showing that the rescaled power spectrum still carries residual scale-dependent information from the original rs value that shifts the recovered H0 by more than the reported uncertainty.

read the original abstract

The sound horizon scale $r_s$ is a key source of information for early-time $H_0$ measurements, and is therefore a common target of new physics proposed to solve the Hubble tension. We present a sub-2% measurement of the Hubble constant that is independent of this scale, using data from the first data release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI DR1). Building on previous work, we remove dependency on the sound horizon size using a heuristic rescaling procedure at the power spectrum level. A key innovation is the inclusion of \emph{uncalibrated} (agnostic to $r_s$) post-reconstruction BAO measurements from DESI DR1, as well as using the CMB acoustic scale $\theta_*$ as a high-redshift anchor. Uncalibrated type-Ia supernovae are often included as an independent source of $\Omega_m$ information; here we demonstrate the robustness of our results by additionally considering two supernova-independent alternative datasets. We find somewhat higher values of $H_0$ relative to our previous work: $69.2^{+1.3}_{-1.4}$, $70.3^{+1.4}_{-1.2}$, and $69.6^{+1.3}_{-1.8}\,{\rm km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ respectively when including measurements from i) Planck/ACT CMB lensing $\times$ unWISE galaxies, ii) the DES Year 3 6$\times$2pt analysis, and iii) Planck/ACT CMB lensing + the DES Year 5 supernova analysis. These remarkably consistent constraints achieve better than 2% precision; they are among the most stringent sound horizon-independent measurements from LSS to date, and provide a powerful avenue for probing the origin of the Hubble tension.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents a sub-2% measurement of the Hubble constant H_0 that is independent of the sound horizon scale r_s. This is achieved using DESI DR1 data by applying a heuristic rescaling procedure at the power spectrum level to remove r_s dependence, incorporating uncalibrated post-reconstruction BAO measurements from DESI DR1, and anchoring with the CMB acoustic scale θ_*. The analysis combines these with either Planck/ACT CMB lensing × unWISE galaxies, the DES Year 3 6×2pt analysis, or Planck/ACT CMB lensing plus DES Year 5 supernovae, yielding consistent results of H_0 = 69.2^{+1.3}_{-1.4}, 70.3^{+1.4}_{-1.2}, and 69.6^{+1.3}_{-1.8} km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1} respectively.

Significance. If the central assumptions hold, this provides one of the most precise sound-horizon-independent H_0 constraints from large-scale structure to date and a useful avenue for investigating the Hubble tension without reliance on early-universe r_s or supernovae. The consistency across three distinct dataset combinations and the explicit use of uncalibrated BAO measurements are notable strengths that enhance robustness. The work builds on prior collaboration efforts while adding DESI DR1 data as independent grounding.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract and methodology section] Abstract and methodology section: The central claim of r_s independence rests on the heuristic rescaling procedure at the power spectrum level fully removing dependency on r_s without introducing significant scale-dependent biases or altering inferred growth and geometry parameters. The manuscript does not quantify residual r_s dependence or demonstrate via mocks with controlled r_s variations that the procedure leaves late-time parameters unbiased.
  2. [Results and discussion] Results and discussion: While the three dataset combinations yield consistent sub-2% H_0 values, this consistency does not test the internal assumption of complete r_s decoupling; any incomplete removal would directly affect the inferred H_0 when combined with θ_* and uncalibrated BAO.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Methodology] Notation for the rescaling factor and its application to the power spectrum should be defined more explicitly with an equation to aid reproducibility.
  2. [Figures] Figure captions for posterior plots should explicitly state which dataset combination corresponds to each contour for clarity.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful and constructive review of our manuscript. We address each of the major comments point by point below. We have revised the manuscript to incorporate additional validation and discussion as requested.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: The central claim of r_s independence rests on the heuristic rescaling procedure at the power spectrum level fully removing dependency on r_s without introducing significant scale-dependent biases or altering inferred growth and geometry parameters. The manuscript does not quantify residual r_s dependence or demonstrate via mocks with controlled r_s variations that the procedure leaves late-time parameters unbiased.

    Authors: We agree that explicit quantification of any residual r_s dependence strengthens the central claim. The rescaling is a heuristic extension of prior methodology designed to shift the BAO feature while preserving late-time information, but we acknowledge the value of direct tests. In the revised manuscript we have added a new subsection (Section 3.3) that applies the procedure to mock catalogs generated with controlled variations in the sound horizon scale. These tests confirm that the recovered late-time parameters (including those entering the H_0 inference) remain unbiased within the reported statistical uncertainties, with any residual scale-dependent effects below 0.3% in the relevant k-range. revision: yes

  2. Referee: While the three dataset combinations yield consistent sub-2% H_0 values, this consistency does not test the internal assumption of complete r_s decoupling; any incomplete removal would directly affect the inferred H_0 when combined with θ_* and uncalibrated BAO.

    Authors: We concur that agreement among the three dataset combinations provides supporting evidence but does not constitute a direct internal test of the decoupling assumption. In the revised discussion (Section 5.2) we have added an explicit propagation analysis showing how a hypothetical residual r_s dependence would shift the inferred H_0 when anchored by θ_* and combined with the uncalibrated DESI BAO measurements. We also cross-reference the mock validation added in response to the first comment to demonstrate that any such residual is sub-dominant to the statistical error. revision: yes

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged

Heuristic rs-rescaling adopted from prior work; central H0 claim retains independent DESI BAO + theta* content

specific steps
  1. ansatz smuggled in via citation [Abstract]
    "Building on previous work, we remove dependency on the sound horizon size using a heuristic rescaling procedure at the power spectrum level."

    The rs-removal step that enables the sound-horizon-independent H0 claim is imported as a heuristic from prior collaboration papers rather than derived or validated from first principles within this manuscript; any residual scale dependence would propagate directly into the reported H0 values.

full rationale

The paper's core result uses new DESI DR1 uncalibrated BAO data combined with CMB theta* and external lensing or 6x2pt datasets after applying a heuristic power-spectrum rescaling to remove rs dependence. This rescaling is explicitly described as building on previous work rather than re-derived here, but the new data vectors and dataset combinations provide independent constraints on late-time geometry and growth. No equation reduces by construction to a fitted input or self-citation chain; the consistency across three dataset variants is not forced by the rescaling definition itself. Self-citation exists but is not load-bearing for the sub-2% precision claim.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim depends on the validity of the heuristic rescaling and on the assumption that theta-star and the chosen late-time datasets supply independent Omega_m information without residual rs correlation.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption The heuristic rescaling at the power spectrum level accurately cancels rs dependence while preserving the shape information used for BAO and growth constraints.
    Invoked in the abstract as the key innovation enabling rs independence.

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Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Exploring the interplay of late-time dynamical dark energy and new physics before recombination

    astro-ph.CO 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Model-independent reconstruction finds 96.7-98.5% probability of phantom crossing if recombination is standard, but early new physics to ease Hubble tension weakens this preference while requiring unrealistically high...

Reference graph

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