A contrastive self-supervised convolutional autoencoder detects core-collapse supernova gravitational waves with performance comparable to supervised CNNs, better generalization to unseen waveforms, and ~120 kpc sensitive distance under Einstein Telescope noise.
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DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints
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We present baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from more than 14 million galaxies and quasars drawn from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2), based on three years of operation. For cosmology inference, these galaxy measurements are combined with DESI Lyman-$\alpha$ forest BAO results presented in a companion paper. The DR2 BAO results are consistent with DESI DR1 and SDSS, and their distance-redshift relationship matches those from recent compilations of supernovae (SNe) over the same redshift range. The results are well described by a flat $\Lambda$CDM model, but the parameters preferred by BAO are in mild, $2.3\sigma$ tension with those determined from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), although the DESI results are consistent with the acoustic angular scale $\theta_*$ that is well-measured by Planck. This tension is alleviated by dark energy with a time-evolving equation of state parametrized by $w_0$ and $w_a$, which provides a better fit to the data, with a favored solution in the quadrant with $w_0>-1$ and $w_a<0$. This solution is preferred over $\Lambda$CDM at $3.1\sigma$ for the combination of DESI BAO and CMB data. When also including SNe, the preference for a dynamical dark energy model over $\Lambda$CDM ranges from $2.8-4.2\sigma$ depending on which SNe sample is used. We present evidence from other data combinations which also favor the same behavior at high significance. From the combination of DESI and CMB we derive 95% upper limits on the sum of neutrino masses, finding $\sum m_\nu<0.064$ eV assuming $\Lambda$CDM and $\sum m_\nu<0.16$ eV in the $w_0w_a$ model. Unless there is an unknown systematic error associated with one or more datasets, it is clear that $\Lambda$CDM is being challenged by the combination of DESI BAO with other measurements and that dynamical dark energy offers a possible solution.
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- abstract We present baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from more than 14 million galaxies and quasars drawn from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2), based on three years of operation. For cosmology inference, these galaxy measurements are combined with DESI Lyman-$\alpha$ forest BAO results presented in a companion paper. The DR2 BAO results are consistent with DESI DR1 and SDSS, and their distance-redshift relationship matches those from recent compilations of supernovae (SNe) over the same redshift range. The results are well described by a flat $\Lambda$
- background modulus field paired with the MI axion, should receive its dominant mass contributions from SUSY breaking and may parametrically have a mass of orderm 3/2; verify- ing that this modulus field does not cause cosmological problems deserves further study. On the other hand, our analysis applies directly to compactifications on simply-connected CY 3-folds, in- cluding non-standard embeddings-line bundle sums [88, 89], monad bundles, and spectral cover models-that re- alize the Standard Model without
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representative citing papers
First MCMC constraints on LSS bootstrap parameters yield ~7% precision on linear growth modifications and ~57% on quadratic kernel modifications from BOSS data, improving to 1% and 25% with larger simulations.
Non-parametric reconstruction of non-minimally coupled gravity with a smoothness prior on CMB, DESI BAO, supernovae, and DES data yields a 2.8σ hint for coupling and a preference for phantom divide crossing stabilized by the coupling.
Phase-resolved scalar distance bounds are derived for ekpyrotic, bouncing, and cyclic cosmologies, yielding a master condition that lower-bounds ε_ek from remaining distance after conversion and bounce.
GI BAO provides a robust consistency check for density BAO and shear data, with the first photometric measurement on DES Y3 showing agreement at α = 0.966 ± 0.252.
Fractional gravity yields stable de Sitter expansion and exact bouncing solutions driven by phantom (w < -1) or ghost (negative energy) fluids, with results independent of the form-factor representation.
KiLeR combines shear ratios with kinematic intrinsic shapes to mitigate first-order lensing systematics and forecasts a 192% improvement in dark energy constraints from the Roman telescope.
An exact operator conservation law from canonical commutation relations bounds second moments of a ghost-coupled oscillator for all time and states, preventing quantum runaway.
First direct constraints on total cosmic backreaction over a significant redshift range are consistent with vanishing backreaction within 1 sigma but are too weak to exclude meaningful backreaction.
DESI DR1 Lyman-alpha data yields Δ²★=0.379±0.032 and n★=-2.309±0.019 at k★=0.009 km⁻¹s and z=3, sharpening N_eff, α_s, and β_s constraints by factors of 1.18-1.90 when combined with other probes.
A curvature null test tailored to DESI BAO AP parameter and distance ratios via multi-task GPs finds dataset compatibility with a tentative ~2σ nonzero curvature signal at low redshift that remains inconclusive due to sparse data.
CosmoGen employs evolutionary algorithms for symbolic regression to generate dark energy fluid models that alleviate S8 and H0 tensions, with Bayesian analysis of one model showing tension relief though weaker preference than LambdaCDM.
New dynamical systems variables for coupled axion-saxion fields yield a general non-geodesicity expression at fixed points and identify genuinely non-geodesic attractors under exponential couplings.
Explicit scale-separated dS5 maximum in M-theory on a 6D Riemann-flat manifold with vacuum energy 10^{-8} in Planck units, obtained via Casimir energies and fluxes.
First integration of tomographic AP tests with MCFs and PCA compression yields 48% and 45% tighter errors on Ω_m and w versus standard two-point functions.
A Bayesian estimator for simultaneous peculiar velocity correction and cosmological fitting from supernova data using non-linear errors-in-variables regression.
Heterotic string theory implies the QCD axion mass is bounded below by 0.5 neV and typically falls in [0.5, 0.8] neV across most compactifications.
A large DESI sample reveals thousands of infalling cold gas absorbers at low redshift, with velocity distributions indicating multiple accretion pathways including radial inflows and satellite accretion.
Analytic compression of EFT parameters for Lyα forest P1D via Fisher matrix and linearization allows efficient marginalization, saturating constraints with linear bias plus five effective terms and forecasting 10% and 2% precision on Δ²_p and n_p at k_p=0.7 Mpc^{-1}.
A low-redshift-agnostic BAO compression applied to DESI data yields binned constraints on dark-energy density evolution X(z) that are consistent with a constant value.
DESI DR2 and ACT DR6 data yield 17σ LRG-velocity, 8.3σ ELG-velocity, and 6.8σ QSO-velocity detections plus a 3.1σ velocity-velocity signal, producing f_NL^loc = 15.9_{-34.4}^{+34.6} from the velocity field.
Velocityformer achieves 35% higher velocity correlation than linear theory by matching graph transformer inductive bias to the line-of-sight broken symmetry and conditioning on long-wavelength physics, while training efficiently on only four low-fidelity simulations.
Compressing SN Ia distance-redshift data to eleven Gaussian log r_p(z) points with covariance is shown to be operationally lossless for cosmological inference across multiple models and datasets.
Affine ANEC obstructs non-static flat and open FRW from being null geodesically complete while ANEC-satisfying, but allows explicit scalar-field realizations for closed FRW with NEC-respecting matter.
citing papers explorer
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Contrastive self-supervised convolutional autoencoder for core-collapse supernova gravitational-wave detection
A contrastive self-supervised convolutional autoencoder detects core-collapse supernova gravitational waves with performance comparable to supervised CNNs, better generalization to unseen waveforms, and ~120 kpc sensitive distance under Einstein Telescope noise.
-
Probing nonlinear structure formation beyond $\Lambda$CDM with the LSS bootstrap: a joint power spectrum and bispectrum analysis
First MCMC constraints on LSS bootstrap parameters yield ~7% precision on linear growth modifications and ~57% on quadratic kernel modifications from BOSS data, improving to 1% and 25% with larger simulations.
-
Late-time reconstruction of non-minimally coupled gravity with a smoothness prior
Non-parametric reconstruction of non-minimally coupled gravity with a smoothness prior on CMB, DESI BAO, supernovae, and DES data yields a 2.8σ hint for coupling and a preference for phantom divide crossing stabilized by the coupling.
-
Phase-resolved field-space distance bounds in ekpyrotic, bouncing and cyclic cosmologies
Phase-resolved scalar distance bounds are derived for ekpyrotic, bouncing, and cyclic cosmologies, yielding a master condition that lower-bounds ε_ek from remaining distance after conversion and bounce.
-
GI BAO as a cosmological consistency check
GI BAO provides a robust consistency check for density BAO and shear data, with the first photometric measurement on DES Y3 showing agreement at α = 0.966 ± 0.252.
-
Cosmology of fractional gravity
Fractional gravity yields stable de Sitter expansion and exact bouncing solutions driven by phantom (w < -1) or ghost (negative energy) fluids, with results independent of the form-factor representation.
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Kinematic Lensing Ratio: Reviving Weak Lensing Cosmography as a Geometric Dark Energy Probe
KiLeR combines shear ratios with kinematic intrinsic shapes to mitigate first-order lensing systematics and forecasts a 192% improvement in dark energy constraints from the Roman telescope.
-
Ghost Degrees of Freedom Without Quantum Runaway: Exact Moment Bounds from an Operator Conservation Law
An exact operator conservation law from canonical commutation relations bounds second moments of a ghost-coupled oscillator for all time and states, preventing quantum runaway.
-
First observational constraints on cosmic backreaction over an extended redshift range
First direct constraints on total cosmic backreaction over a significant redshift range are consistent with vanishing backreaction within 1 sigma but are too weak to exclude meaningful backreaction.
-
Cosmological analysis of the DESI DR1 Lyman alpha 1D power spectrum
DESI DR1 Lyman-alpha data yields Δ²★=0.379±0.032 and n★=-2.309±0.019 at k★=0.009 km⁻¹s and z=3, sharpening N_eff, α_s, and β_s constraints by factors of 1.18-1.90 when combined with other probes.
-
$O_k$ null test with multi-task Gaussian processes: cosmic curvature and data compatibility
A curvature null test tailored to DESI BAO AP parameter and distance ratios via multi-task GPs finds dataset compatibility with a tentative ~2σ nonzero curvature signal at low redshift that remains inconclusive due to sparse data.
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CosmoGen: A genetic algorithm framework for the exploration of dark energy dynamics
CosmoGen employs evolutionary algorithms for symbolic regression to generate dark energy fluid models that alleviate S8 and H0 tensions, with Bayesian analysis of one model showing tension relief though weaker preference than LambdaCDM.
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Extending the Dynamical Systems Toolkit: Coupled Fields in Multiscalar Dark Energy
New dynamical systems variables for coupled axion-saxion fields yield a general non-geodesicity expression at fixed points and identify genuinely non-geodesic attractors under exponential couplings.
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An M-theory dS maximum from Casimir energies on Riemann-flat manifolds
Explicit scale-separated dS5 maximum in M-theory on a 6D Riemann-flat manifold with vacuum energy 10^{-8} in Planck units, obtained via Casimir energies and fluxes.
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Tomographic Alcock-Paczynski Test with Marked Correlation Functions
First integration of tomographic AP tests with MCFs and PCA compression yields 48% and 45% tighter errors on Ω_m and w versus standard two-point functions.
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A Bayesian estimator for peculiar velocity correction in cosmological inference from supernovae data
A Bayesian estimator for simultaneous peculiar velocity correction and cosmological fitting from supernova data using non-linear errors-in-variables regression.
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Heterotic String Theory Suggests a QCD Axion Near 0.5 neV
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Peering down the barrel with DESI DR2: 10 000+ inflows at $z$ < 0.6 reveal how galaxies accrete cold gas
A large DESI sample reveals thousands of infalling cold gas absorbers at low redshift, with velocity distributions indicating multiple accretion pathways including radial inflows and satellite accretion.
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Analytic compression of the effective field theory of the Lyman-alpha forest
Analytic compression of EFT parameters for Lyα forest P1D via Fisher matrix and linearization allows efficient marginalization, saturating constraints with linear bias plus five effective terms and forecasting 10% and 2% precision on Δ²_p and n_p at k_p=0.7 Mpc^{-1}.
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Low-redshift-agnostic BAO Constraints on Binned Dark-energy Density Evolution from DESI DR1 and DR2
A low-redshift-agnostic BAO compression applied to DESI data yields binned constraints on dark-energy density evolution X(z) that are consistent with a constant value.
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Measurement of the galaxy-velocity power spectrum of DESI tracers with the kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect using DESI DR2 and ACT DR6
DESI DR2 and ACT DR6 data yield 17σ LRG-velocity, 8.3σ ELG-velocity, and 6.8σ QSO-velocity detections plus a 3.1σ velocity-velocity signal, producing f_NL^loc = 15.9_{-34.4}^{+34.6} from the velocity field.
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Velocityformer: Broken-Symmetry-Matched Equivariant Graph Transformers for Cosmological Velocity Reconstruction
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Lossless Compression of Cosmological Information from Type Ia Supernova Distance Measurements
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Affine ANEC selects the closed FRW branch for geodesically complete cosmology
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Recoupled Dark Radiation reconciling CMB and DESI BAO measurements
An interacting sterile neutrino component via pseudoscalar mediator reconciles CMB and DESI DR2 BAO measurements with 2.7 sigma preference and reduces H0 tension to 2.4 sigma.
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The Amplitude-Growth Degeneracy and Implied $A_s$ Diagnostic for Background-Inert Modified Gravity
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Unveiling $f(R)$ Gravity with Void-Galaxy Cross-Correlation Multipoles
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Empirical estimates of how massive galaxies can be in {\Lambda}CDM
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Gravitational Properties of the Monopole Bag
Monopole bags in axionic backgrounds gravitationally collapse into horizonless states or dyonic regular black holes that evade singularities while retaining axionic hair.
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Unitary Time Evolution and Vacuum for a Quantum Stable Ghost
A quantum ghost coupled polynomially to a harmonic oscillator has unitary evolution and a stable vacuum because a conserved quantity possesses a positive discrete spectrum.
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Saturation Mechanisms in the Interacting Dark Sector
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Exploring the statistical anisotropy of primordial curvature perturbations with pulsar timing arrays
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Precision Kinematic Sunyaev--Zel'dovich Measurements Across Halo Mass and Redshift with DESI DR2 and ACT DR6: Part I. Luminous Red Galaxies
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Into the Gompverse: A robust Gompertzian reionization model for CMB analyses
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Topolons: Stable Particle-Like Remnants of Collapsed Vacuum Bubbles
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Non-minimally coupled quintessence with sign-switching interaction
A new quintessence model with non-minimal coupling produces an effective sign-switching interaction that fits current data better than LambdaCDM or w0waCDM and accounts for late-time dark energy weakening without phantom crossing.
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Model-Independent Reconstruction of Quintessence Potential and Kinetic Energy from DESI DR2 and Pantheon+ Supernovae
Quintessence potential decreases monotonically with redshift while kinetic energy crosses zero near z=1, with negative values at intermediate redshifts being statistical artifacts from derivative reconstruction.
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Constraining Neutrino Mass with the Void Weak Lensing Effect
Simulations of void-shear cross-correlation demonstrate that void lensing can constrain total neutrino mass to σ(M_ν)=0.096 eV without shape noise and 0.340 eV with Stage-III-like noise.
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Observational constraints on Luciano-Saridakis entropic cosmology
First background-level constraints on Luciano-Saridakis entropic cosmology using CC, Pantheon+ with SH0ES, DESI DR2 BAO and compressed Planck data show robust fit, 2sigma exclusion of LambdaCDM, and potential Hubble tension alleviation.
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Sign-Switching Dark Energy: Smooth Transitions with Recent DESI DR2 Observations
Sign-switching dark energy with a transition at z_† fits recent DESI DR2, Planck CMB, and Pantheon+ data better than ΛCDM while raising the inferred Hubble constant and easing the Hubble tension.
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Evidence for deviation in gravitational light deflection from general relativity at cosmological scales with KiDS-Legacy and CMB lensing
KiDS-Legacy weak lensing plus CMB data yields a 3 sigma deviation in light deflection from GR in a Lambda CDM background, with the signal driven by large-scale CMB lensing amplitudes.
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A Spectrum of Cosmological Rips and Their Observational Signatures
A unified dark energy model with sigmoid correction generates a spectrum of rip futures that all fit DESI, Pantheon+, and CMB data at the same level as ΛCDM.
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Massive neutrinos and interacting dark matter look alike through the lens of lensing
Massive neutrinos and dark matter-baryon interactions produce degenerate suppressions in the CMB lensing power spectrum at next-generation experiment precision.
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$H_0$ Without the Sound Horizon (or Supernovae): A 2% Measurement in DESI DR1
A heuristic power-spectrum rescaling applied to DESI DR1 BAO data plus CMB acoustic scale anchor yields H0 values of 69.2 to 70.3 km/s/Mpc at sub-2% precision across three independent late-time datasets.
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Nonlinear Matter Power Spectrum from relativistic $N$-body Simulations: $\Lambda_{\rm s}$CDM versus $\Lambda$CDM
Relativistic N-body simulations of Lambda_s CDM produce a redshift-dependent crest in the matter power spectrum ratio, peaking at 20-25% near the transition and leaving a 15-20% uplift at z=0 on group scales.
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Modeling nonlinear scales for dynamical dark energy cosmologies with COLA
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Open case for a closed universe
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Probing the limits of cosmological information from the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest 2-point correlation functions
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Dynamic or Systematic? Bayesian model selection between dark energy and supernova biases
A magnitude offset between low- and high-redshift supernovae beats the Bayesian evidence for flexknot dark energy and reduces DES-5Y/DESI tension.
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Parity Violation in Galaxy Shapes: Primordial Non-Gaussianity
The parity-odd intrinsic alignment power spectrum probes the collapsed limit of the parity-odd primordial trispectrum and can tighten constraints on parity-violating PNG when bias parameters are calibrated from N-body simulations.